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At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Underreporting and misclassification of urinary tract cancer cases on death certificates.

We compared the diagnoses for decreased cases with urinary tract cancer reported to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program with their underlying cause of death reported on death certificates. Deaths for a substantial proportion of cases were ascribed to noncancer causes (bladder, 48%; kidney, 28%; renal pelvis, 37%; and other urinary tract, 38%), which decreased with advancing stage at diagnosis and increased with length of survival. In general, cancer deaths were more likely to be recorded to the predominant subsite within an organ. Only 5.5% of renal pelvis cancer patients were recorded to have died of their illness, whereas 33.7% of their deaths were reported as due to kidney cancer. On the other hand, over 85% of urinary tract cancer deaths reported on the death certificates were confirmed by SEER diagnosis, although the extent of agreement varied by stage at diagnosis and age at death for kidney and renal pelvis cancers.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Determining cause of death from death certificates in public health offices--experiences with a data custodian model].

In a study on the long-term outcome after thrombolysis in patients with acute myocardial infarction, we had to ascertain the cause of death as noted in the confidential section of the official death certificate at the Public Health Office. Since current data protection legislation does not permit direct access to the death certificates we used a custodian model which strictly separates the institution storing the addresses in touch, and carries out the inquiry and the institution receiving the anonymised data for analysis. Forty Public Health Offices in ten German Bundesländer were asked for causes of death of 118 patients. Data were delivered by 35 Public Health Offices from nine Bundesländer on 106 patients (response = 89.8%). The custodian model which was often proposed as a tool for epidemiological research within the restrictive legal framework in Germany, proved to be successful in practice, with good response.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1996

A study comparing characteristics of nurse anesthesia programs with the success rate on the certification examination.

This study was conducted to determine if a relationship exists between various characteristics of nurse anesthesia schools and their success rate on the national certification examination (NCE). Independent variables included the number of students per class, number of clinical rotation sites, program length, type of degree or certificate granted, program structure, and date of graduation. Data were collected by a questionnaire mailed to all anesthesia schools in the country. Statistical analysis of the data was by Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and analysis of variance. No statistically significant relationship was found between any of the variables studied. Recommendations for future study include correlating the schools' passing rate with admission criteria, curriculum, and required instructor qualifications.

Accreditation↗
PubMed1997

[Reevaluation of heart disease deaths on death certificates and trends for ischemic heart disease mortality during the last five years in Oita city].

To evaluate heart disease deaths and clarify trends for ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality during the last five years in Oita City, we reevaluated causes of death on death certificates. In 1993, there were 253,000 people aged 25-74 in Oita City. In this population age group, there were 1,996 deaths from January 1992 through December 1993. Our subjects were 982 deaths recorded as caused by heart disease and IHD related diseases. Subjects were reevaluated on the basis of physician's interview, clinical records and police records. This IHD reevaluation was conducted by the WHO MONICA criteria. The death certificates identified 321 heart disease deaths, of which there were 80 (24.9%) acute myocardial infarctions (AMI), 22 (6.9%) other IHD, 180 (56.1%) heart failures, and 39 (12.1%) other heart diseases. The remaining 61 deaths were caused by other diseases. After reevaluation, 40 'definite' AMI and 60 'possible' AMI were recognized through the MONICA criteria, 86 sudden deaths (SD) which were defined as, 'death within 24 hours of the onset of acute symptoms and without clear signs suggesting what disease was the cause,' were also classified. Assuming that 50% of SD were due to IHD, according to some postmortem autopsy studies, aged-standardized IHD mortality per 100,000 for males was 38.3 per year and for females 17.3 per year in this period. Both mortality rates, 31% for males and 38% for females, were higher than IHD mortality statistics. Moreover, in comparison with IHD mortality estimated by reevaluation of heart disease in Oita City in 1987-88, age-standardized IHD mortality per 100,000 for males has remained basically stable, increasing from 37.8 to 38.4 during the last five years. On the other hand, mortality for females has increased from 11.2 to 17.3. Our results suggest that mortality from IHD actually was about 30% more than mortality statistics, and does not show a declining trend as mortality statistics have stated.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Selected certification problems for students and candidates in technical vocational schools].

The objective of this article is to describe main certification problems and difficulties that may concern physicians responsible for prophylactic care of adolescents. Certification concerning the replacement of candidates to technical schools is a very complex task and it requires from physicians to examine carefully the health condition of pupils and candidates and assess conditions of the work environment. The prereplacement medical examinations should facilitate the detection of any health defects that could disqualify a candidate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Validity of certification measures for occupational therapists.

Major factors that can affect the results of validation studies are identified and include reliability, homogeneity of sample, and criterion contamination. An overview and a description of content, predictive, concurrent, and construct validities are presented as well as a review of the recent studies of the validity of the Field Work Performance Report and the Certification Examination for Occupational Therapists. Adequate evidence of content and concurrent validity has been established for the Field Work Performance Report, although evidence for long-range predictive validity is lacking. Content validity alone has been established for the Certification Examination for Occupational Therapists. The evidence indicates that the instruments should not be abandoned, that they are better than no measures at all. The directions research might take in the future are given and the implications of continued use of the instruments are evaluated.

Certification↗
PubMed1997

A study of the role of the generalist oncology nurse as a basis for revision of the blueprint for certification.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To delineate the current role of the generalist oncology nurse as a basis for revision of the blueprint for the OCN Exam. DESIGN: Survey of generalist oncology nurses. SAMPLE: 1,200 oncology nurses randomly chosen from the general membership of the Oncology Nursing Society who completed and returned surveys. METHODS: Surveys developed by subject matter experts and mailed by American College Testing. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Frequency and importance of 201 oncology nursing activities previously identified by a group of experts in oncology nursing. FINDINGS: Highest ranked items for combined frequency and importance pertained to comfort, information, protective mechanisms, and coping. Lowest ranked items pertained to prevention, detection, research, and sexuality. CONCLUSIONS: The blueprint was redesigned to include eight domains of practice: quality of life (27%), gastrointestinal and urinary function (15%), protective mechanisms (15%), scientific basis for practice (12%), cardiopulmonary function (10%), health promotion (8%), oncologic emergencies (7%), and professional performance (6%). IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Because oncology nursing is changing, it is necessary to reconfirm and update the blueprint for the certification exam. Certification exams for the generalist nurse beginning in May 1996 were based on this updated blueprint.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Mortality in people with learning disability: risks, causes, and death certification findings in London.

Two thousand people with learning disabilities registered as service users in two London districts were followed up for 8 years to ascertain, in those who died, age and cause of death and significant associations with early death. Respiratory disease was documented as the leading cause of death in 52% of the study population compared with only 15% of males and 17% of females in the whole population. People with learning disabilities have an increased risk of early death. Although the majority of deaths (83%) in the whole population occur in people aged 65 years and over, less than 50% of deaths in the study population were in this age group, and the risk of dying before the age of 50 was 58 times higher than in England and Wales generally. Early death was significantly associated with cerebral palsy, incontinence, problems with mobility, and residence in hospital. Death certificates were not found to be a reliable source of data about factors contributing to cause of death, and learning disabilities were rarely mentioned. The authors recommend an extension to the current format of the Medical Certificate of Death to include recording of chronic disabling conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

A report on the Council on Certification 1996 Professional Practice Analysis.

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the Council on Certification of Nurse Anesthetists 1996 Professional Practice Analysis. This analysis was used to update the previous content validation studies. Surveys were mailed to a select group and a practitioner group of 2,859 Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists with a response rate of 63.7%. Respondents were asked survey questions related to demographics, practice settings, education, and fundamental knowledge related to nurse anesthesia practice. Respondents were asked for the frequency and level of expertise related to patient conditions, procedures, anesthesia agents and techniques, equipment, instrumentation, and technology of anesthesia practice. The results for both groups were consistent with the previous studies. The Rasch rating scale model was used to transform the results from ordinal data onto a linear, equal-interval scale. Members of the Council on Certification of Nurse Anesthetists carefully reviewed all of the Professional Practice Analysis results and voted to maintain the current test blueprint and percentage of test items in each area.

Certification↗
PubMed1998

[Topical problems of hygienic certification of computers].

The paper provides evidence that while making a hygienic certification of computers it is necessary to rely not only on their physical and technical data, but on the characteristics obtained by defining the integral physiological parameters of the quality of displayed information perception. According the state standards CaH [symbol: see text] 2.2.2.54-96, their hygienic certification requires differential assessment of computers with the age-specific features of users (pre-school and young school children, middle- and old-aged schoolchildren, adults). It is proposed that CaH [symbol: see text] 2.2.2.54-96 should be supplemented by a regulation on choice of special working places with appropriate protective devices for the children of a risk group.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Program for nursing certification in critical care].

This article presents the Nursing Certification Program in Critical Care through which the Spanish Society of Intensive Nursing and Coronary Units (SEEIUC) accredits, by means of a diploma, the professional competence of graduate nurses in the care of critically ill patients. The program describes the system of certification and focuses on the study material for the examination, which is grouped into eleven thematic units. The first exam will be held 10 June 1999 in Palma de Mallorca, coinciding with the XXV National Congress of the SEEIUC.

Certification↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Learning and satisfaction in the workshops of pre- and post-graduate medicine for the improvement of the accuracy of certifications of causes of death 1992-1996].

BACKGROUND: To broaden the experiences of evaluation of the learning and satisfaction of the workshops of pre and postgraduates of medicine for the improvement in the certification of the causes of death with contributions from the Region of Murcia, 1992-1996. METHODS: With a quasi-experimental pre-posttest epidemiological design, a workshop is given, being both theoretical and practical of 2 hours addressed to students of medicine, interns in Family and Community Medicine and doctors in the course of obtaining said specialty. The goal of the workshop is to teach the usefulness of Mortality Statistics and the International WHO norms of certification. At start and finish we evaluated the formation by research, using indicators of formal quality, concept and result of the completion. Also, we administrate a questionnaire of satisfaction. RESULTS: In five years 23 workshops with 646 assistants were given, including 472 pairs of exercises and 586 satisfaction's questionnaires. In the pretest, more than 78% of the individual indicators were correct and 52.3% of the participants completed everything well. There were statistically significant improvements in the groups of indicators of concept and result, but not that of form, which showed a high qualification from the beginning (77.5%). The assignation of cause of death has improve more with the students (24.6%) than in physicians (14.4%). The contents of the course are very adequate/adequate (92.7%), without difference among the types of helpers. There is an equilibrium between theory and practice (64.7%). Eighty-one point three of physicians and 80.2% of the students stated that the workshop was useful for correctly certifying a death, independent of the previous background. CONCLUSIONS: The good initial qualifications were improved after the educational intervention. In accordance with workshops demonstrated efficacy, we propose their generalization and to follow its impact on Mortality Statistics.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed2000

Performance on ABA-ASA in-training examination predicts success for RCPSC certification. American Board of Anesthesiology-American Society of Anesthesiologists. Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada.

PURPOSE: Most Canadian University Departments of Anesthesia require residents to take the American Board of Anesthesiology-American Society of Anesthesiologists (ABA-ASA) in-training examination (ITE). The result is expressed as a percentile relative to all examinees at similar levels of training. Its value as a predictor of performance in the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC) certification examinations is not known. METHODS: All English speaking Canadian residency programs in Anesthesia were surveyed. Results of the ABA-ASA ITE of former residents who had completed RCPSC certification were collected as percentile scores according to level of training. Level of training was based on the number of months of anesthesia training and classified according to American residency program nomenclature. The ABA-ASA ITE scores were correlated with success on the RCPSC written and oral examinations. The probability of success on the RCPSC examinations was determined by calculating the cutoff score with the best sensitivity and specificity as determined by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves for each year in which the examination was taken and for both the written and oral examinations. RESULTS: Nine residency programs provided information on 165 residents. A weak positive correlation was found between scores on each year of the ABA-ASA exam. Scores > 50th percentile for any year were highly predictive of success in the written component ( > 60th percentile for the oral component). Scores < 20th percentile were predictive of failure on both the written and oral components of the RCPSC examination. CONCLUSION: The ABA-ASA ITE is a useful tool in predicting performance on the RCPSC examination.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1995

The safety and regulatory status of food, drug and cosmetics colour additives exempt from certification.

Colour additives exempt from certification (also known as 'natural colour additives') are commonly used in the United States to colour foods, drugs and cosmetics. The US Food and Drug Administration established regulations governing the use of these colour additives, and the labelling of the products that contain them. The safety of these colour additives has been demonstrated by safety testing programs that have yielded a significant amount of toxicology data, and also by a long and well documented history of safe use in the United States and elsewhere. In this report we review the data supporting the safety of the colour additives that are exempt from certification and approved for use in the USA, and conclude that the safety of these colour additives is well supported by the available data. Relevant aspects of the regulation of these colour additives are also described.

Cosmetics↗
PubMed2005

Microscopy and certification as tools for environmentally benign, mercury-free small-scale gold mining.

Small-scale gold miners lose annually 500-700 tonnes of mercury when amalgamating gold with mercury and subsequent burning. So far, mercury-free alternatives have been demanding more skill, time, or capital investments and the interest from the miners to reduce the mercury emissions has been limited. Recent development of mercury free methods, an increasing mercury price, and increased awareness of health and environmental damages caused by mercury is changing the attitudes. This trend could be spurred by certification of gold with added value due to clean production methods. Our objectives are to present a method to distinguish gold recovered without using mercury or harmful chemicals such as cyanide. Thereby, this gold could be certified and thus obtain a higher market price. The method is based on inspection of the gold grain surfaces with a light microscope. This method separated natural gold grains from gold recovered by amalgamation or cyanidation. The method also demonstrated different characteristics of gold grains from different gold fields and a basis for a catalogue with photomicrographs of gold grains from different gold fields has been established and partly presented in this article. In conclusion, studies of gold grains with a light microscope and photo documentation is an inexpensive but reliable method to distinguish environment-friendly recovered gold, which could be used for certification to get a higher market price.

Environmental Pollution↗
PubMed2003

Certification of the European reference soil set (IRMM-443--EUROSOILS). Part I. Adsorption coefficients for atrazine, 2,4-D and lindane.

The European Commission has characterised and certified a set of six European soils (the EUROSOILS) under the number IRMM-443. After a successful validation and trial period with a preliminary batch it was decided to produce a new batch of certified reference materials. Part I of this paper describes the certification of adsorption coefficients for atrazine, 2,4-D and lindane in these soils. The adsorption coefficients were determined according to OECD Test Guideline 106. Additionally, the underlying principles for the value assignment process according to the GUM and their practical application to the numerical data obtained during the certification exercise according to ISO Guide 34 and 35 are discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

[Drafting of a medical certificate in cases of suspected child abuse: guarding against traps].

Informing the proper authorities of any case of child abuse, and in particular sexual abuse in a minor, 15 years old or less, is a legal and ethical obligation for the physician. In this field, voluntary failure to do so may constitute a failure to assist a person in danger. The description should be set out in the form of a certificate, which should only be drafted after the child has been seen and examined. Personal opinions and any references to third parties should be avoided in relation to the facts observed. The certificate may be sent to legal, medical or administrative authorities but preferably, especially in case of emergency, should be sent to the Attorney General.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Survey of recently board-certified prosthodontists on the board-certification process. Part 2: Preparation and impact.

PURPOSE: A 2-part survey of recently board-certified prosthodontists was conducted in 2001. The first part of the survey, published in June 2003, determined the trends that assisted the candidates in attaining diplomate status. The second part of the survey was done to determine the preparation methods and resources used to prepare for the examination, the most difficult part of the examination, the most gratifying aspect of becoming board-certified, their current employment status, and whether board certification had any positive impact on their employment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire was mailed to 176 diplomates who had become board certified between the years 1993-2001. Of these, 131 board-certified prosthodontists returned the completed survey, resulting in a response rate of 74%. RESULTS: Results from this survey showed that 91% of the diplomates had taken the American College of Prosthodontists (ACP) Board Preparation course; most of the diplomates (41%) prepared for the boards by reviewing prosthodontic literature, reading textbooks, using the ACP Study Guide, and seeking the help of other board-certified prosthodontists; 89% of the diplomates felt that achieving board certification had a positive influence in their employment; 39% of the diplomates indicated that Part 2 of the examination was the most difficult to prepare for, and 41% indicated that Part 2 was the most difficult section; the majority of diplomates (31%) were employed by the military, and the most gratifying aspect of becoming board-certified was personal accomplishment (83%). CONCLUSIONS: Trends were observed regarding prosthodontists who succeeded with their efforts to challenge the board examination. The majority of the diplomates were employed by the military. Most of the respondents indicated that they took the ACP Board Preparation course and found it helpful. The largest percentage of respondents reported that Part 2 was both the most difficult part to prepare for, as well as the most difficult to complete. The most gratifying aspect of becoming board-certified was personal accomplishment.

Achievement↗