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PubMed1988

[Two cases of renal cancer detected by ultrasonic scan during mass screening and subsequent MRI].

Reported herein are the cases of two woman, aged 47 and 69, respectively, who were each found to have a right renal carcinoma, both carcinomas discovered incidentally by an abdominal ultrasonic scan during a mass screening, with no other signs or symptoms of renal cancer being indicated. Following clinical diagnostic verification, using X-ray CT, and an MRI, radical nephrectomies were performed. In each instance, the pathohistological diagnosis was renal cell carcinoma, pT2N0M0V0. The clinical imagings, including the MRI, are presented, and the diagnostic techniques used in this imaging and the screening modality in cases of asymptomatic renal cancer are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Promoter methylation in circadian genes of endometrial cancers detected by methylation-specific PCR.

Methylation of CpG dinucleotides in the promoter sequence of a gene can lead to deregulated and suppressed gene expression. In this study, we have developed procedures for methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) and sequencing analysis to determine CpG methylation status of the promoter sequences of nine circadian genes in 35 endometrial cancers (EC) and paired noncancerous endometrial tissues. DNA methylation was found in the promoter sequences of PER1, PER2, and CRY1, but not of other six circadian genes in the ECs and normal tissues examined. Eleven of the 35 EC tissues showed CpG methylation in the promoter sequences of PER1, PER2, or CRY1. Of these 11 cases, 1 had promoter methylation in all the three genes, 1 in PER1 and PER2, 3 in PER1 and CRY1, and 6 in PER1, respectively. In comparison, promoter CpG methylation of PER1, PER2, or CRY1 was found in only 7 of 35 paired noncancerous tissues including 2 in PER1 and PER2, 2 in PER1, and 3 in CRY1. In summary, promoter methylation in the PER1, PER2, or CRY1 circadian genes was detected in about one-third of EC and one-fifth of noncancerous endometrial tissues of 35 paired specimens indicating possible disruption of the circadian clock in the development of EC.

ARNTL Transcription Factors↗
PubMed1988

[2d testicular cancer detected during thorough after care].

Bilateral testicular occur in about 5% of patients. The time interval between the diagnosis of the first and second tumor may be more than 10 years. Because the prognosis depends on early detection of the second tumor, longterm follow-up to exclude a contralateral malignancy is mandatory. This article discusses the principle of follow-up of 208 patients with testicular tumors and the treatment of patients with bilateral testicular cancer. The role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of a possible second tumor is emphasized.

Aftercare↗
PubMed2006

The prevalence rate and anatomic location of colorectal adenoma and cancer detected by colonoscopy in average-risk individuals aged 40-80 years.

BACKGROUND: The role of screening colonoscopy for colorectal (CR) neoplasia in average-risk population, remains to be determined. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence and anatomic location of CR adenoma and carcinoma and the morbidity of colonoscopy in individuals at average risk for CR cancer (CRC). METHODS: A retrospective prevalence study of subjects aged 40-80 yr, with no cancer-related symptoms, personal or family history of CR neoplasia, who underwent a colonoscopy. RESULTS: Enrolled were 1,177 persons; 183 aged 40-49 yr (young), 917 aged 50-75 yr, and 77 aged 76-80 yr (elderly). The prevalence of overall CR neoplasia, advanced neoplasia, and cancer was 20.9%, 6.3%, and 1.1%, respectively. In the 50-75 age group, the prevalence of overall adenoma, advanced neoplasia, and cancer was 21.3%, 6.7%, and 1.2%, respectively. Of the 206 neoplasia cases, 21-43% harbored proximal neoplasia beyond the reach of sigmoidoscopy, without distal lesions. Among the elderly, the prevalence of overall adenoma, advanced neoplasia, and cancer reached 26.0%, 14.3%, and 2.6%, respectively. In the young group, 9.8% had overall neoplasia, 1.1% had advanced adenoma, and none had CRC. Procedure-related morbidity rate was 0.1%, with no perforations, bleedings, or mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Screening colonoscopy in average-risk subjects demonstrated a considerable prevalence of CR neoplasia and proximal lesions beyond the reach of sigmoidoscopy. The morbidity rate was negligible. Primary screening colonoscopy should be considered in health programs for the average-risk population, beginning at the age of 50 yr. The significantly high rate of advanced and proximal neoplasia in the elderly, encourages the inclusion of healthy subjects aged 76-80 yr in future prospective studies.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Numerical abnormalities of chromosome 7 in human prostate cancer detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on paraffin-embedded tissue sections with centromere-specific DNA probes.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using chromosome-specific alpha-satellite DNA probes for chromosomes 7, 8, and 12 was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue sections and touch imprint preparations of 53 cases of human prostate cancer. Subsequent haematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining of the hybridized tissue sections allowed unambiguous assignment of hybridization signals either to tumour or to non-tumorous parenchyma. Fifty-three cases of human prostate cancer were evaluated for numerical aberrations of chromosome 7. Scoring 200 cells of tumour and non-tumorous parenchyma in each case revealed abnormalities exclusively in tumour parenchyma in 41 cases (77 per cent). Ten of 41 cases (24 per cent) showed trisomy 7, and 15 cases (37 per cent) monosomy 7 or trisomy 7 in combination with monosomy 7, respectively. Sixteen cases (39 per cent) exhibited polysomy 7 in cells of the tumour parenchyma. In the tumour tissue in one case, different polyploid clones (triploid, tetraploid) and polysomy 7 could be identified by double hybridization with chromosome-specific DNA probes for chromosome 7, plus 8 or 12. The indicated numerical aberrations of chromosome 7 were correlated with 78 per cent of advanced pathological stages or poorly differentiated tumours (pT3/4 or G3) of prostate carcinomas. A statistical analysis of the data revealed significant relationships of particular numerical abnormalities of chromosome 7 to different pathological categories (pT, G, pN) of tumour classification. For the T-classification, the frequency of cells carrying polysomy 7 and polysomy 7/+7 increases significantly from pT1 to pT3/4 (P = 0.022).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Centromere↗
PubMed1987

Breast cancer detection: one versus two views.

Mammographic examinations of 169 patients with 172 biopsy-proved carcinomas, and of 194 healthy subjects, were interpreted independently and retrospectively by three experienced mammographers, initially as single-view oblique examinations and 6 months later as two-view oblique-cephalocaudal examinations. For the single-view examinations of the cancer patients, 67% of the cancers were correctly recommended for biopsy, additional views were requested for 23%, and a "negative" interpretation was made for 10%. For the single-view examinations of healthy subjects, biopsy was recommended for 7% and additional views were recommended for 32%. For the two-view examinations of women with cancer, 80% of the cancers were correctly recommended for biopsy, additional views were requested for 4%, and a "negative" interpretation was made for 16%. For two-view examinations of healthy subjects, biopsy was recommended for 7% and additional views were requested for only 5%. The authors conclude that single-view screening should not be performed, because it would lead to an excessive number of "call-back" examinations of healthy patients, producing additional cost and anxiety that would outweigh any theoretical benefit.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

A data-analytic strategy for protein biomarker discovery: profiling of high-dimensional proteomic data for cancer detection.

With recent advances in mass spectrometry techniques, it is now possible to investigate proteins over a wide range of molecular weights in small biological specimens. This advance has generated data-analytic challenges in proteomics, similar to those created by microarray technologies in genetics, namely, discovery of 'signature' protein profiles specific to each pathologic state (e.g. normal vs. cancer) or differential profiles between experimental conditions (e.g. treated by a drug of interest vs. untreated) from high-dimensional data. We propose a data-analytic strategy for discovering protein biomarkers based on such high-dimensional mass spectrometry data. A real biomarker-discovery project on prostate cancer is taken as a concrete example throughout the paper: the project aims to identify proteins in serum that distinguish cancer, benign hyperplasia, and normal states of prostate using the Surface Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization (SELDI) technology, a recently developed mass spectrometry technique. Our data-analytic strategy takes properties of the SELDI mass spectrometer into account: the SELDI output of a specimen contains about 48,000 (x, y) points where x is the protein mass divided by the number of charges introduced by ionization and y is the protein intensity of the corresponding mass per charge value, x, in that specimen. Given high coefficients of variation and other characteristics of protein intensity measures (y values), we reduce the measures of protein intensities to a set of binary variables that indicate peaks in the y-axis direction in the nearest neighborhoods of each mass per charge point in the x-axis direction. We then account for a shifting (measurement error) problem of the x-axis in SELDI output. After this pre-analysis processing of data, we combine the binary predictors to generate classification rules for cancer, benign hyperplasia, and normal states of prostate. Our approach is to apply the boosting algorithm to select binary predictors and construct a summary classifier. We empirically evaluate sensitivity and specificity of the resulting summary classifiers with a test dataset that is independent from the training dataset used to construct the summary classifiers. The proposed method performed nearly perfectly in distinguishing cancer and benign hyperplasia from normal. In the classification of cancer vs. benign hyperplasia, however, an appreciable proportion of the benign specimens were classified incorrectly as cancer. We discuss practical issues associated with our proposed approach to the analysis of SELDI output and its application in cancer biomarker discovery.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multi-directional positron imaging: evaluation of cancer detection with 2-(F-18)-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose.

We developed a multi-directional positron imaging system for the whole body in order to evaluate the spatial distribution of radiopharmaceuticals. A positron emission tomography (PET) scanner with ring detectors was modified to provide 54 directional planar images with a three-dimensional appearance by using cinematic display. The initial clinical evaluation was performed on two normal volunteers and 17 cancer patients with 32 foci. Images were obtained approximately one hour after the intravenous administration of 2-(F-18)-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. In all 19 subjects, good quality images with a three-dimensional appearance were obtained. We were able to visualize 16 of 20 (80%) lesions that were three centimeters or more in greatest diameter. In contrast, only seven of 12 (58%) lesions less than three centimeters in greatest diameter were identified. The overall detectability of lesions was 72%. These results suggest that this system will be useful for tumor detection.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Prognostic significance of peritoneal minimal residual disease in gastric cancer detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

BACKGROUND: A sensitive method for detecting minimal residual disease in the peritoneal cavity by quantifying carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) mRNA using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RQ-RT-PCR) was developed. The clinical value of the method for predicting peritoneal recurrence in patients with gastric cancer was evaluated. METHOD: A total of 195 patients with gastric cancer and 20 with asymptomatic cholecystolithiasis were included in the study. CEA mRNA expression in peritoneal washings (p-CEA mRNA) was measured by RQ-RT-PCR and normalized to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA expression. The cut-off level of p-CEA mRNA for gastric cancer was determined by examining p-CEA mRNA levels in patients with asymptomatic cholecystolithiasis. RESULTS: Fifty-five (28.2 per cent) of the 195 patients were p-CEA mRNA positive. The rate of p-CEA mRNA positivity correlated significantly with clinicopathological factors. In 163 patients who underwent curative surgery, overall survival and disease-free survival were significantly poorer in p-CEA mRNA-positive patients than in p-CEA mRNA-negative patients (P < 0.001). Cox regression analysis revealed that only p-CEA mRNA was a significant independent prognostic factor (P = 0.034). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that p-CEA mRNA was a significant independent risk factor for peritoneal recurrence (P = 0.027). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that p-CEA mRNA is a reliable prognostic factor and predictor of peritoneal recurrence in gastric cancer.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1992

Cancer detected incidental to simple prostatectomy (stage A1).

The incidence of stage A (incidental) adenocarcinoma of the prostate in transurethral resection (TUR) specimens is approximately 16%. This paper discusses the criteria for differentiating stage A1 versus stage A2 tumor, based on tumor volume and grade. Both the short-term (4 year) and long-term (8-10 year) natural history of untreated stage A1 prostate cancer are examined. Options to follow patients expectantly are presented. These include digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasound. Specific problems relating to analyzing transrectal ultrasounds in patients who have had a prior TUR are addressed. Also, the unique aspects of transrectal ultrasound for stage A1 disease as it relates to the location of the lesion are expanded upon. The third option in the management of stage A1 disease is to monitor serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels. Areas covered include the sensitivity and specificity of PSA in general, and, in specific, serum PSA levels following TUR for stage A1 disease as a predictor of residual tumor. New data on a small group of patients who underwent delayed radical prostatectomy following diagnosis of stage A1 disease, where PSA data was available, are presented. The rationale for following patients with stage A1 disease by monitoring their serum PSA levels is supported by data from a group of men with normally sized prostates, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or cancer where longitudinal serum PSA levels were available. Finally, the option of radical prostatectomy for stage A1 disease is put forth. Data include a study of a large group of radical prostatectomy specimens performed for stage A1 disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2006

Serum circulating human mRNA profiling and its utility for oral cancer detection.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to explore the presence of informative RNA biomarkers from human serum transcriptome, and evaluate the serum transcriptome diagnostics for disease detection. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was selected as the proof-of-concept disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Blood samples were collected from patients (n = 32) with primary T1/T2 OSCC and matched healthy patients (n = 35). Circulating RNA was isolated from serum and linearly amplified using T7 polymerase. Microarrays were applied for profiling transcriptome in serum from 10 cancer patients and controls. The differential gene expression was analyzed by combining the present calls, t tests, and fold-change statistics. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to validate the selected candidate RNA markers identified by microarray. Receiver operating characteristic curve and classification models were exploited to evaluate the diagnostic power of these markers for OSCC. RESULTS: Human serum circulating mRNAs were presented by reverse transcriptase PCR. Microarray identified 2,623 +/- 868 probes assigned present calls in OSCC (n = 10) versus 1,792 +/- 165 in healthy patients (n = 10), indicating a higher complexity of serum transciptome in OSCC patients (P = .002, Wilcoxon test). Three hundred thirty-five serum RNAs exhibited significantly differential expression level between the two groups (P < .05, t test; fold > or = 2). Five cancer-related gene transcripts were consistently validated by quantitative PCR on serum from OSCC patients (n = 32) and controls (n = 35). The best combination of biomarkers yielded a receiver operating characteristic curve value of 88%, sensitivity (91%), and specificity (71%) in distinguishing OSCC. CONCLUSION: The utility of serum transcriptome diagnostics is successfully demonstrated for OSCC detection. This novel concept could be developed as an adjunctive tool for disease diagnosis.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed2003

Population-based study of prostate-specific antigen testing and prostate cancer detection in clinical practice in northern Sweden.

OBJECTIVE: The pattern of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in clinical practice is largely unknown; it may be used either in asymptomatic men or in the work-up of men with urinary or other symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of PSA testing in clinical practice for men diagnosed with stage T1c prostate cancer in a region with no formal screening programme. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using the Primary Prostate Cancer Register for Northern Sweden, all cases of stage T1c prostate cancer diagnosed between 1992 and 1999 in the city of Umeå were identified. The cause of PSA testing was assessed by examining the medical records. Men were categorized as asymptomatic, having lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) or having symptoms other than LUTS. Prospective registration of the cause of PSA testing in the entire region of Northern Sweden started in 2000. RESULTS: We found that in Umeå only 32/213 (15%) cases diagnosed with T1c prostate cancer were asymptomatic at the time of PSA testing, 55% of men had a PSA test as part of a work-up for LUTS and 30% had other symptoms. In 2000, 126 cases of stage T1c prostate cancer were diagnosed in the entire region and 20/126 (16%) of these men were asymptomatic. CONCLUSIONS: PSA testing was mostly used as a tool in the work-up of symptomatic patients in Umeå and also in the region of Northern Sweden. Further studies in other populations are needed.

Age Distribution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tumor size and breast cancer detection: what might be the effect of a less sensitive screening tool than mammography?

In some limited-resource areas, a state-of-the-art mammography program is not affordable. In such circumstances, one might consider a less resource-intensive, but also less sensitive screening tool such as clinical breast examination (CBE). We used data from the Swedish Two-County Trial to estimate the shift in tumor size resulting from invitation to mammographic screening. By postulating a lesser benefit of a less sensitive screening tool (CBE), particularly in terms of detecting very small tumors, we predicted its likely effect on tumor size distribution. In addition, using the observed association between tumor size and nodal status, and between tumor size and fatality, we predicted the likely benefit in terms of reductions in node-positive disease and in breast cancer mortality. An invitation to mammographic screening was associated with a 27% reduction in the number of node-positive tumors and a 31% reduction in the number of breast cancer deaths. We estimate that in the trial population, screening with CBE alone would have led to an 11% reduction in node-positive tumors and an 11% reduction in breast cancer deaths (approximately 42 deaths prevented per 1,000 cases). Assuming instead a tumor size distribution typical of a limited-resource setting (70% of tumors are 30 mm at presentation), we estimate that screening with CBE alone would lead to a 13% reduction in node-positive tumors and a 12% reduction in breast cancer deaths (approximately 72 deaths prevented per 1,000 cases). Thus, although the relative benefit of CBE is only slightly greater in the limited-resource setting, the absolute reduction in deaths per case is about 70% higher. Our findings suggest that a less sensitive tool might be expected to confer a breast cancer mortality reduction about half of that observed with mammography.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1998

Amplification of c-erbB-2 in gastric cancer: detection in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

A total of 396 adenocarcinomas of the stomach were examined immunohistochemically using antibodies specific for the internal domain of human c-erbB-2 protein. Forty of these (consisting of 35 well-differentiated and 5 undifferentiated types) overexpressed c-erbB-2, as evidenced by cytoplasmic membrane staining; these tumors were further examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization using a cosmid probe for 17q11.2-12 (c-erbB-2 locus) on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. This technique enabled us not only to detect c-erbB-2 amplification on a cell-by-cell basis, but also to compare the gene amplification with the protein expression, observe topographical distribution, and establish quantitative pictures of the amplification in vivo condition. In all 40 tumors, we observed gene amplification and found that the cancer cell with the amplification corresponded to the cells overexpressing c-erbB-2. In eight mucosal carcinomas, signals were coalesced to one or two clusters, indicating that the amplified gene resided in a homogeneous staining region (HSR). Among 32 carcinomas invading beyond muscularis mucosae, approximately half were mostly composed of cells with the amplification; the others had populations of tumor cells with and without amplification, which were sometimes in separate zones or areas and sometimes mixed together. In 22 cancers, the amplified genes were exclusively in HSR; however, cancer cells with multiple scattered signals-suggesting that the amplified genes were translocated to other chromosomes-were found exclusively in 6 tumors and concurrently with HSR in 4 tumors. These findings suggest that: (a) the amplification produces c-erbB-2 in the HSR form generally early in the carcinogenesis of gastric adenocarcinomas; and (b) in the process of cancer development, the amplified gene is lost in some cancer cells by uneven segregation of HSR in mitosis, whereas in others, it is kept in HSR or translocated to other chromosomal positions, thereby preserving overexpression of c-erbB-2 protein.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2003

Use of percent free prostate-specific antigen density to improve the specificity for detecting prostate cancer in patients with normal rectal examinations and intermediate prostate-specific antigen levels.

INTRODUCTION: As prostatic volume influences percent free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in patients with prostate cancer, we evaluated whether percent free PSA density, which relates the serum percent free PSA to the volume of the prostate determined by transrectal ultrasound, could increase the specificity of cancer detection in men with normal digital rectal examinations and intermediate PSA levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 105 consecutive men with normal digital rectal examinations and serum PSA levels of 4.1-10.0 ng/ml. All patients underwent at least sextant prostate biopsies to establish the diagnosis. For detection of total and free PSA we used an Immulite free and total PSA assay. We compared PSA density, percent free PSA and percent free PSA density for their utility in cancer detection. RESULTS: Overall, 20 of 105 patients (19%) had prostate cancer. The area under the curve (AUC) for percent free PSA density was 0.771, not significantly higher than the AUC of 0.75 for PSA density (p = 0.778), but significantly higher than the AUC of 0.604 for percent free PSA (p = 0.021). Of these three parameters, percent free PSA density yielded the highest specificity percentage (54.1%) at 95% sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: Percent free PSA density is more specific than percent free PSA in distinguishing benign from malignant disease in men with a normal digital rectal examination and an intermediate PSA level. Further study is necessary to discover whether percent free PSA density is superior to percent free PSA or PSA density.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Three new serum markers for prostate cancer detection within a percent free PSA-based artificial neural network.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate the value of macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 (MIC-1), human kallikrein 11 (hK11) migration inhibitor factor (MIF) in comparison to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and % fPSA and also to develop a % fPSA-based ANN with the new input factors to determine whether these additional markers can further eliminate unnecessary prostate biopsies. METHODS: Serum samples from 371 patients with prostate cancer (PCa, n=135) or benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH, n=236) within the PSA range 0.5-20 microg/L were analyzed for total PSA, free PSA, MIC-1, hK11, and MIF. 'Leave one out' ANN models with these variables and prostate volume were constructed and compared to logistic regression (LR) and all single parameters. RESULTS: The discriminatory power of MIC-1, hK11, and MIF was less than that for PSA despite significant differences in BPH compared to PCa patients. At 90% and 95% sensitivity, the artificial neural networks (ANNs) were only significantly better than % fPSA if prostate volume was included. CONCLUSIONS: ANNs with the novel input factors of MIC-1, MIF, and/or hK11 and additional use of prostate volume demonstrated significant advantage compared with % fPSA and tPSA and may lead to a reduction in unnecessary prostate biopsies.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1992

A comprehensive program for cervical cancer detection and management.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to document some of the results of a comprehensive provincial cytology and colposcopy program for the year 1988 and also to review the impact on the incidence and mortality rates for a clinical carcinoma of the cervix. STUDY DESIGN: This study is a retrospective analysis of the cytologic results of all patients examined provincially in 1988 and a review of the clinical records of patients diagnosed with invasive cancer and those who died of disease. RESULTS: In 1988 490,985 women (40% of all women over the age of 15 in the population) were screened, with 9.2% showing abnormal cells. A total of 79% of women screened were less than 50 years old and accounted for 86.3% of all abnormal smears. Women less than 35 years old were more likely than older women to have moderate dyskaryosis or worse. CONCLUSION: Intensive comprehensive cytology and colposcopy programs reduce not only the incidence and mortality of clinical carcinoma of the cervix but also rates of in situ disease and other precursors.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Monoclonal antibodies against a 65-kDa tumor-associated phosphoprotein: development and use in cancer detection.

Five hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to a 65-kDa tumor-associated phosphoprotein (p65) were established. Purified to homogeneity, p65 was used as an immunogen to induce immune response in C57BL/6N mice. Splenocytes were fused with mouse myeloma cells and hybridoma lines were selectively subcloned. A rapid and sensitive sandwich type ELISA, using purified MAbs was established to measure markedly elevated amounts of p65 in sera obtained from both tumor-bearing rats and from cancer patients. The p65 from rat and human sources was added quantitatively to normal sera to construct standard curves. The average level of p65 in normal rat sera was 38 ng/ml +/- 13 ng/ml (mean +/- SD), and in sera from rats bearing mammary adenocarcinomas, the average value was 1005 +/- 140 ng/ml. In normal human sera the mean level of p65 was 34 +/- 35 ng/ml (mean +/- SD) and sera of patients with variety of cancers had an average p65 value of 344 +/- 57 ng/ml. More than 80% of tested sera from adenocarcinoma-bearing rats (20/24) as well as from cancer patients (82/98) had p65 levels elevated two standard deviations above the mean. Overall the assay had a sensitivity of 80.9% and specificity of 85%. The purified IgG1 MAbs, with high titers and strong anti p65 specificities were also used to develop an immunohistochemical method to visualize the expression of p65 in rat tumor tissue sections. The HB2, HF11 and RE6 cell lines have proved to be quite stable in the ability to secrete anti-p65 MAbs.

Animals↗