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At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Use of pethidine as an intravenous regional anesthetic.

Pethidine 100 mg in 30-40 ml saline was given in a group of patients by the conventional technique of intravenous regional anesthesia. Fourty percent of the patients did not feel any form of pain or discomfort, 26.7% experienced only vague sensations which did not call for additional drugs but 13.3% felt some form of pain or discomfort for which diazepam was given and was enough for surgery to be completed. In the rest of the patients (20%) there was intolerable pain for which patients were given general anesthesia. This last category was operated upon for recent fractures or digital conditions and it is known that intravenous regional anesthesia using conventional local anesthetics for such patients usually fails. In a control group in which 30-40 ml saline without pethidine were injected, there was complete failure of the technique.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Participation of the opioid-ergic system in the regulation of afferent reactions of the damaged myocardium].

It has been established that in lesion of the myocardium accumulation of huge amount of algesic compounds may cause limitation of the level of cardiac afferentation. Use of naloxone, buterfanol tartrate and D-ala-2-lei-enkephalin prevent the development of the reaction. The possibility of participation of the endogenic cardiac opioids in anti-nociceptive reactions of heart during its lesion is considered.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[New morphine-type analgesics in anesthesia].

Since the synthesis of Fentanyl in 1961, many narcotics have appeared which are not yet available in France. Among agonists, all are Fentanyl derivates but are different by either more powerful (sufentanyl, lofentanyl), and longer-acting effects (lofentanyl), or less powerful and shorter-acting effects (alfentanyl). All would have a greater security index and minimal cardiovascular side effects. Among agonists-antagonists, only pentazocine is available in France for analgesic therapy. The interest of other new molecules as butorphenol, nalbuphine and buprenorphine, which are available in other countries, still remains a matter of discussion.

Alfentanil↗
PubMed1986

[Opiate receptors].

In view of the basic principles of the receptor theory, one should expect all opioids to exhibit principally the same spectrum of effects, as they exert their actions by interaction with "the opiate receptor." Clinical experience shows, however, that the opioids in clinical usage in fact exhibit a variety of spectra of effects. This discrepancy is explained by introducing the "multiple receptor theory," as developed by Gilbert and Martin. This review attempts to class practical clinical consequences with those more recent pharmacological findings.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMed1987

Opioid agonist/antagonists in general anaesthesia.

Pain is a symptom that is universally recognized yet poorly treated. Almost every patient undergoing surgery will experience pain postoperatively. There is increased interest in the control of this pain and many new analgesics have been introduced. One such group of analgesics, the agonist/antagonist opioids, has evoked much interest among anaesthetists.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMed1979

A comparison of analgesic effectiveness of oral butorphanol/acetaminophen, oxycodone/acetaminophen and placebo in hospitalized postsurgical patients.

One hundred four patients with moderate to severe postoperative pain participated in a double-blind study comparing butorphanol/acetaminophen with oxycodone/acetaminophen and placebo with respect to analgesic effectiveness and incidence of side effects. Pain was rated by the patients and an observer; sums of these data were calculated. Side effects, their severity and their relationship to the drug were recorded. Both active medications provided statistically significant levels of analgesia as compared with placebo. Analgesia produced by both combinations of drugs was statistically similar until 4 hours postdrug. From 4 to 6 hours postdrug, butorphanol/acetaminophen was significantly more analgesic. Both active medications produced analgesia within 0.5 hours, showing a peak effect at 1 to 2 hours and lasting for 6 hours. The incidence of side effects was minimal and statistically equivalent for each treatment group.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1988

Epidural and intrathecal administration of opioids in obstetrics.

Intraspinal epidural or intrathecal injection of opiates can provide outstanding analgesia in obstetric patients. Epidural and intrathecal opiates may afford more prolonged analgesia without interference of neuromuscular function or depression of the sympathetic nervous system that can occur with other anesthetic regimens. However, certain precautions are recommended to minimize potential side effects.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1983

Multiple opiate receptor affinities of kappa and agonist/antagonist analgesics: in vivo assessment.

The affinities of kappa and agonist/antagonist (Ag/Ant) analgesics for mu and delta opiate receptors were examined in vivo in the rat. In the case of kappa agonists, these agents appear to be mu and delta antagonists in vivo. The mu antagonist activity appears to involve a specific isoreceptor population, namely mu-2 receptors. With Ag/Ant analgesics, a more complex pharmacology is evident such that at mu and delta receptor populations these agents can exhibit pure Ag, pure Ant or a combination of Ag and Ant actions. These activities vary with the neuronal localization of the receptor population being examined. In addition, complex species differences are evident with Ag/Ant actions.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗