Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Barrier Methods”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Use of the Today contraceptive sponge in the United States.

Use of the TODAY contraceptive sponge in the U.S. has been monitored in three ways since it became an OTC product in June, 1983: The Phase III clinical trials in the U.S. were extended for a second year (Life Table method efficacy rate for a second year of use = 96.6%; N = 103). The manufacturer has solicited comments and complaints from family planning professionals and from women who purchased sponges over-the-counter. One complaint has been received for every 33,000 sponges distributed, primarily related to removal difficulty, infection and allergy to spermicide. By December of 1984, there were an estimated 1.25 million sponge users in the U.S. Voluntary, spontaneous reporting to regulatory or health agencies has tracked case reports of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) in sponge users. To date 13 cases have been reported with over 25 million sponges sold. The risk of TSS in sponge users is thus very small and may not represent an increased risk over baseline.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors associated with use of the female condom.

Black, Hispanic and white women recruited for an HIV prevention intervention were instructed in the use of the female condom and encouraged to try the device. Of the 231 women who completed the intervention, 29% tried the condom over the course of a month; 30% of those who tried it used it during at least half of their sexual encounters. Both ethnicity and age were associated with trying the device: Nearly 40% of black women and 30% of Hispanic women did so, compared with 18% of white women; 37% of those aged 25-34 tried the female condom, compared with 22% of women younger than 25. Trying the device was more likely among women living with a partner, those with a history of sexually transmitted disease infection, women who had had an HIV test, those who did not believe that the method afforded them a greater degree of overall control than did the male condom and those who had no prior knowledge of the device. Among women who used the device during at least half of their sexual encounters, 27% were black and 44% were Hispanic: 38% were younger than 25, and 43% were single. More regular users were about half as likely as less regular users to experience difficulty with insertion and one-eighth as likely to report the device slipping during use; they were more likely than less regular users to report that sex was more pleasurable with the female condom than with the male condom.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increase in diaphragm use in a university population.

A striking increase observed in the demand for the diaphragm method at a contraception clinic for university women was documented by means of a record review and questionnaire. Record reviews completed at the conclusion of each semester from December 1973 to December 1976 showed a statistically significant increase in diaphragm acceptors. In the fall semester of 1976, diaphragm acceptors (49% of 151 patients) surpassed pill acceptors (46%). Data from 123 questionnaires revealed that concern for pill and IUD side effects was the primary reason for diaphragm choice. The study numbers are small, but a definite trend is evident. These educated young women may be forerunners, and an increase in diagphragm use in the general population may be seen in the near future.

Contraceptive Devices, Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contraceptives for teenagers.

The contraceptive options suitable for teenagers are presented and discussed. Condoms have the advantage of preventing the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, and oral contraceptives are probably the most effective in preventing pregnancy. Other options include the barrier contraceptives available to women, spermicides, sponges, intrauterine devices, periodic abstinence, and the morning after pill.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Increasing use of the female condom through video instruction.

The female condom is effective in preventing sexually transmitted diseases and when used properly reduces risk of HIV infection among women. This field experiment evaluated the effect of a video presentation on reported use of and satisfaction with the female condom. Participants were 100 women tested for HIV infection in a community agency. Ages ranged from 17 to 62 years, and one fifth of the sample were African American or Hispanic. The 23 women who viewed an instructional video were significantly more likely than 13 of the control group of 50 to try the condom and report to the researcher. Video viewing was unrelated to liking the product and future intent to use. Almost three quarters of those who used the condoms reported they liked and would use them.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Female condom use among women at high risk of sexually transmitted disease.

CONTEXT: Whereas the female condom has been evaluated in many hypothetical acceptability or short-term use studies, there is little information about its suitability for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) or HIV over extended periods of time. METHODOLOGY: As part of a six-month prospective follow-up study of 1,159 STD clinic patients, clients were interviewed during their initial visit, exposed to a behavioral intervention promoting condoms, given a physical examination and provided with instructions on completing a sexual diary. Potential predictors of trying the female condom were evaluated using logistic regression, and three condom-use groups (exclusive users of female condoms, exclusive users of male condoms and users of both types of condoms) were compared using multinomial regression. RESULTS: Among 895 women who reported having engaged in vaginal intercourse during the study period, one-half had sex with only one partner, while one-quarter each had two partners or three or more partners. A total of 731 women reported using the female condom at least once during the follow-up period--85% during the first month of follow-up. Multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that employed women and those with a regular sexual partner at baseline were significantly more likely to try the female condom. By the end of the follow-up period, 8% of participants had used the female condom exclusively, 15% had used the male condom exclusively, 73% had used both types of condom and 3% had used no condoms. Twenty percent of women who tried the female condom used it only once and 13% used it twice, while 20% used 5-9 female condoms and 32% used 10 or more. Consistent condom users (N=309) were predominantly users of both types of condom (75%), and were less often exclusive users of the male condom (18%) or the female condom (7%). According to a multivariate analysis, women who used the female condom exclusively or who mixed condom types were more likely to be black, were more likely to be employed and were more likely to have a regular partner than were users of the male condom. CONCLUSIONS: Women at risk of STDs find the female condom acceptable and will try it, and some use it consistently. Mixing use of female condoms and male condoms may facilitate consistent condom use. The female condom may improve an individual's options for risk reduction and help reduce the spread of STDs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Effectiveness of the diaphragm, used continuously, without spermicide.

The experience of 670 diaphragm users from three Brazilian clinics was retrospectively reviewed. Most of the subjects (441) followed the traditional method (TM) of using the diaphragm, only at the time of sexual intercourse and with spermicide. One third (215) used the diaphragm continuously (CU), without spermicide, removing it only at the time of their daily shower to wash it, with immediate re-insertion. The total pregnancy rate was 7.0 per 100 women-years for the whole group. Patient and total failure rate were significantly lower in the CU (0.6 and 2.8), in comparison with the TM sub-group (6.5 and 9.8). The discontinuation rate for urinary infection or other medical reasons was not greater in the CU group. Logistic regression analysis, including age, parity, number of abortions and of living children, years of schooling, whether living with a partner, presence of mild cystocele or retroverted uterus, and form of use of diaphragm (TM or CU), showed that only the TM of diaphragm use was positively associated to patients' and total failure rate.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Update: barrier protection against HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases.

Although refraining from intercourse with infected partners remains the most effective strategy for preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), the Public Health Service also has recommended condom use as part of its strategy. Since CDC summarized the effectiveness of condom use in preventing HIV infection and other STDs in 1988 (1), additional information has become available, and the Food and Drug Administration has approved a polyurethane "female condom." This report updates laboratory and epidemiologic information regarding the effectiveness of condoms in preventing HIV infection and other STDs and the role of spermicides used adjunctively with condoms.

Condoms↗
PubMed1982

Sexuality, fertility and contraception in disability.

In this review the authors describe ways in which particular disabilities may affect sexual performance, fertility, menstruation and pregnancy. The special contraceptive needs of people with various physical and mental disabilities are discussed, with each method of contraception being discussed together with its indications for use by people with various disabilities. The authors conclude that if family planning services are to be improved for people with disabilities, those providing the services must increase their awareness and acceptance of sexuality in disabled people.

Contraception↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The contraceptive sponge's protection against Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

To investigate the effect of the contraceptive sponge on the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases, we conducted a clinical trial among a high-risk population of women in Bangkok, Thailand. Two hundred fifty-five women were randomly assigned either to use the sponge or not and were evaluated weekly for gonorrhea and chlamydial infection. After adjustment by logistic regression for potentially confounding factors, women using the sponge were less likely to have contracted chlamydial infection (odds ratio [OR], 0.6; 90% confidence interval [CI], 0.4-1.0) and gonorrhea (OR, 0.9; CI, 0.6-1.3) as compared with women not using the sponge. These estimates probably underestimate the degree of protection because some exposure was misclassified in this pilot phase of the study. These results are consistent with other studies indicating that spermicides protect against gonorrhea and also demonstrating protection against an organism of even greater public health concern, Chlamydia trachomatis.

Adult↗