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At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Structural organization and fine distribution of lymphatic vessels in periodontal tissues of the rat and monkey: a histochemical study.

The structural organization and fine distribution of lymphatic vessels in the periodontal tissues (gingiva, periodontium and alveolar process) were examined by light and electron microscopy using an enzyme-histochemical method. Whole mount preparations of periodontal membranes peeled from the teeth and cryostat sections of normal or decalcified tissues treated with EDTA were double-stained using 5'-nucleotidase (5'-Nase)-alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) and examined by light microscopy. This staining procedure allowed the lymphatic vessels in the periodontal tissue to be differentiated from blood vessels. Well-developed 5'-Nase-positive lymphatics were observed in the gingiva and periodontium. The histochemical aspects of 5'-Nase activity in lymphatic vessels are discussed in detail, with special reference to the supply of Mg++ ions. A network of 5'-Nase-positive lymphatics was observed in whole mount preparations of the periodontal membrane for the first time. This network was also observed in the tissue sections. More 5'-Nase-positive lymphatics were seen in the root area of the periodontium than in the cervical area. 5'-Nase-positive lymphatics in residual tissue blocks remaining after cryostat sectioning and in whole mount preparations were highlighted with good contrast and resolution on backscattered electron images produced by scanning electron microscopy. Dense granular precipitations resulting from the 5'-Nase reaction were observed on the luminal surface of the lymphatic endothelial cells as well as on the basal side but were absent in the blood vessels.

5'-Nucleotidase↗
PubMed1977

Metallic implants as growth markers in infants with craniofacial anomalies.

The purpose of the study was to test the retention of metallic implants in bone tissue for evaluation of early facial growth patterns in patients with craniofacial malformations. Implants were inserted in 51 patients (age range: 1-17 months) with different diagnoses, the majority of them with various types of cleft lip and/or palate. Seven positions in the maxilla and four in the mandible were employed. Roentgencephalometric follow-up examinations were carried out at various stages up to the age of about three years. The results indicated that the frequency of implants firmly retained within the bone decreased with time depending on the craniofacial deformity and the implant sites. Stability seemed most critical in positions close to the alveolar processes where more than one-half of the implants inserted were dislocated or lost at the three-year follow-up. For the maxillary implants the patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate displayed the highest failure rate. This investigation did not support continuation of the implant method in infants as used in the present study.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1997

Transalveolar transplantation of maxillary canines. A critical evaluation of a clinical procedure.

Regular discussions between the Departments of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics at Göteborg University have resulted in a modified operative technique for impacted maxillary canines, called transalveolar transplantation. After exposure of the operation field, large amounts of bone are removed, avoiding damage to the surface of the cementum and the periodontal membrane. Throughout the surgical procedure the tooth is kept in the alveolar process and then finally gently moved to its desired position. Orthodontic fixation is used to stabilize, not to immobilize, the tooth. So far 101 maxillary canines have been autotransplanted in 85 patients (11-76 years old) with an observation period of 1-17 years. Transalveolar transplantation is considered a good alternative for impacted maxillary canines, provided that the treatment planning is discussed by an orthodontist and an oral surgeon together and the treatment is performed with meticulous surgical techniques and adequately functioning orthodontic fixation and used in patients with proper oral hygiene.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Fluorescent labeling analysis and electron probe microanalysis for alveolar ridge augmentation using calcium phosphate cement.

Our previous histopathological study showed that the augmentation block, prepared from a calcium phosphate cement (CPC) mixed with H2O at powder to liquid ratio of 5 g/mL, placed on the alveolar bone ridge, was gradually replaced by natural bone. In the present study, fluorescent labeling analysis (FLA) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) were performed on the same surgical site of the above histopathological study. Fluorescent labeling agents, that would be incorporated into newly formed mineralized tissues, were injected into dogs intramuscularly twice a week during the 3 week period that ended 1 week before sacrifice. The specimens obtained from the block were subjected to FLA for assessing the extent of new bone formation and to EPMA for measuring the elemental (Ca, P, Mg) distributions. FLA results showed the presence of newly formed bone at 1 month after surgery. EPMA results showed that the elemental distributions in the augmentation site were similar to those of the residual bone area at 6 months after surgery. FLA and EPMA examinations also indicated that the implants were surrounded and fixed by natural bone chronologically. A CPC augmentation block is clearly useful for alveolar ridge augmentation and osteointegrated implant fixation.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical study of maxillofacial fractures sustained during sports and games].

We performed a clinico-statistical study of the maxillofacial fracture due to sports during the period of 15 years between 1977 and 1991. Eighty-nine patients were seen with injuries resulting from 21 different sports. The incidence of the fracture was most common in rugby, followed by ski, baseball and soccer. Males were shown to be more prone to maxillofacial fracture than females (5.4:1) and the highest incidence of injuries involved the 20-29 age group followed by the 10-19 age group. The major parts of the fracture were the mandible and the alveolar process. Conservative therapy such as maxillomandibular fixation was usually performed and the clinical course was good. It was suggested that the prevention of the sports-related fracture and the time of returning to sports after the fracture will require further study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Avoidance of implicit hazards: the realignment of maxillary and mandibular arches in comminuted and facial fractures.

The authors introduce an attempt to elevate the problem of proper realignment of the maxillary and mandibular arches to achieve an exact transversal width of the lower third of the face with an index of the sum of the maxillary and mandibular central incisors, together with a new Artex-Callotte System (Karl Storz GmbH, Tuttlingen, Germany). This allows individual and anatomically correct restoration of the dental arches. This is especially helpful if either a large number of teeth or portions of dental alveolar processes have been lost in comminuted panfacial fractures. In addition, a sequential, step-management concept of comminuted panfacial fractures is described and illustrated. The goals of treatment with this method are to reestablish the midfacial height and projection and the occlusion, and reestablish the integrity of the nose, the orbit, and the transversal dimension of the lower jaw. This simple method is not yet well appreciated.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Simultaneous or delayed placement of titanium implants in free autogenous iliac bone grafts. Histological analysis of the bone graft-titanium interface in 10 consecutive patients.

The aim of the present study was to histologically analyse the bone graft-titanium implant interface after six and twelve months of healing for a simultaneous approach and after six months for a delayed approach. For this purpose, screw-shaped c.p. titanium microimplants, 2 mm in diameter and 5 mm long, were placed and retrieved at different time intervals in ten consecutive patients with severely resorbed maxillae and treated with iliac cortico-cancellous bone grafts and titanium implants in a two-stage procedure. The histomorphometrical analyses of ground sections of the specimens showed a higher degree of bone-implant contact and more bone filling the implant threads in the delayed approach microimplants. This was probably due to the partly revascularized grafted bone in the delayed approach being able to respond to the surgical trauma, resulting in interfacial bone formation. It is concluded that the results from the present study favour the use of a delayed approach when using free autogenous bone grafts and titanium implants for reconstruction of the severely atrophied maxilla.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1998

[Clinical analysis and therapeutic results of peripheral giant cell granuloma].

The author presented clinical analysis and theraputic results of 105 cases of the peripheral giant cell granuloma treated in Division of Maxillofacial Surgery Regional Hospital in Rzeszów. In the 16 cases (15, 3%) this disease recurences in all prabability after non radical operation was observed. The author thinks that electrosurgical removal of the tumour is the treatment of choice. In the advanced stage of peripheral giant cell granuloma indicated excision tumour and the surrounding margin of healthy tissue with resection of the part of the alveolar process. Therapeutic indication to the extraction of the teeth neighbouring to the granuloma should be teken into consideration according to individual cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Alveolar ridge augmentation by distraction osteogenesis using titanium implants: an experimental study.

The left mandibular premolars were extracted from five adult dogs. After twelve weeks, a box-shaped osteotomy of the alveolar bone was carried out and two 10 mm implants were placed 5 mm into the transport alveolar segment, leaving 5 mm exposed. The alveolar bone was vertically augmented 5 mm by screwing the implants. After distraction, the implants were left to integrate into the bone. Histological and radiographical evaluations showed the lifting of the transport segment and the development of new bone in the distraction area. Although integration of implants within both the transport segment and the regenerated bone was observed, two of the ten implants failed and partial bone resorption of the transport segment was noted.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1975

[Mesiodistal inclination of permanent 2d molars Angles of bite].

Measurement of the angles formed by the axes of the second permanent molars on the plane of bite in premolar sector was carried out by profile teleradiographies of 50 young adults. These patients showed no abnormality likely to affect the molar alveolar processes in the saggital plane. The results were as follows: Open angle in front of the second upper molar with plane of bite:80degres. Open angle in front of the second lowermolar with plane of bite: 110degrees. Angle of bite of the second molars: 170degrees, identical with the angle of bite of the first molars.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Alveolar bone grafts: the surgical/orthodontic management of the cleft maxilla.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the management of the cleft maxilla with emphasis on the controversies concerning the decisions which a cleft palate team makes with limited evidence but strong beliefs in the anticipated outcomes. The orthodontist and the surgeon need to collaborate in determining the timing and sequencing of alveolar bone grafting. Currently the emphasis on secondary bone grafting has superseded primary bone grafting in its effectiveness and efficiency. Contemporary management of infants born with clefts of the lip and palate is to delay bone grafting until the early mixed dentition stage of dental development with the optimal timing being related to the development of the unerupted permanent canine. In the management of patients with cleft palate, the surgeon and the orthodontist need to evaluate the mixed dentition stage of dental development to determine the optimum timing of treatment to coincide with the most favourable eruption of the maxillary canine or the lateral incisor when this tooth is on the distal side of the cleft. The issues which have led to controversy relate to (i) the age at which alveolar bone grafting should be performed, (ii) the type of bone graft and the site from which the donor bone will be harvested and (iii) the timing of the maxillary expansion and whether this should be performed before or after the alveolar bone graft is placed. A review of contemporary management of the palatal and alveolar cleft is discussed and illustrated in unilateral and bilateral clefts of the maxilla.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

[Reflexions on labial topography].

The musculature of the lips contributes to oro-facial muscular equilibrium. Labial topography at rest is extremely variable, as there may be gaping of the lips with a short upper lip and associated protrusion of the upper alveolar process, as well as on the contrary an upwardly displaced stoma leading to incarceration of the upper dental arch by the lower lip and retrocession of the laveolar process (stoma syndrome). Anomalies at rest justify surgical treatment.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1999

Bone regeneration in the edentulous ridge expansion technique: histologic and ultrastructural study of 20 clinical cases.

The edentulous ridge expansion (ERE) technique is a partial-thickness flap procedure for implant surgery that was developed in 1986. The ERE technique permits the use of osseointegrated implants at sites whose minimal orofacial dimensions are insufficient for traditional implant surgery. The present work is a histologic and ultrastructural study of hard tissue repair modalities at edentulous sites that were treated with the ERE technique in 20 humans. Biopsies were obtained from the tissue regenerating within the surgically created bone gap between the mobile buccal and nonmobile lingual or palatal bone-periosteum plates ("bone flaps") on days 40, 90, 120, 150, and 480 (day 0 = day of implant insertion). The results suggest that osteoblasts differentiate from preexisting mesenchymal cells located on the original fissure walls, with consequent deposition of new bone in the surgically created intrabony defect.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Technic and possible uses of mucosal transplantation in reconstructive surgery of the mouth].

In preprosthetic interventions, optimal denture support may be obtained by means of full-thickness buccal mucosa grafts. In mucogingival surgery, buccal mucosa grafts may be used to form mucosal areas which rest firmly on the alveolar process and show no measurable tendency to shrink. Plastic repair by means of mucosa grafts is also possible after excision of verrucous carcinomas and precancerous lesions of the tongue and cheek.

Gingivectomy↗
PubMed1997

[Mandibular ridge augmentation by sandwich osteotomy and BMP-HA implantation].

In order to solve a series of problems ridge augmentation by subperiosteal implantstion, HA combined with BMP was implanted in between the two pieces of mandible produced by osteotomy. Nine adult mongrel dogs were used in this study and six patients were treated with this mathod. The specimens were examined by light microscope, scanning electron microscope in the experimental study. The results show that there are a large amount of new bone formation both within and around the combined material. The amount is increasing as the time lapsed and the new bone is connected directly with the host bone of two side. Clinical application showed that after augmentation of the atrophic alveolar ridge with this mathod, the shape and volume of the alveolar ridge were good. The retention and stability of the lower denture was improved significantly. The results showed that this method of alveolar ridge augmentation has many advantages.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1999

Histologic evaluation of guided vertical ridge augmentation around implants in humans.

Recent experimental and clinical case reports demonstrated vertical ridge regeneration in atrophic posterior mandibles and maxillae. Although the results from these clinical cases are quite encouraging there is a lack of human histologic data on the newly regenerated tissue around commercially available titanium implants. The aim of the present study was to perform a qualitative and quantitative histologic analysis of the bone response to previously exposed implant threads after treatment with guided bone regeneration in a series of patients. A total of 30 Nobel Biocare implants were consecutively placed in 6 patients with partially edentulous mandibles. Of these implants, 6 were planned for removal after 1 year, whereas the remaining 24 implants were inserted to function as support for a fixed partial denture. The 6 experimental implants were intentionally allowed to protrude occlusally 5 to 7 mm from the bone crest without counter-sinking. The exposed implant threads were completely covered by autogenous bone chips. After a 12-month healing period the 6 experimental implants were removed with trephine burs. Bone-to-metal contact and bone density in the implant threads were measured. Clinically, all implants were stable and there was complete tissue fill of the space underneath the membranes. Histologically, a substantial amount of new bone had formed underneath the membrane in all cases. Histomorphometrically, there was a lower bone-to-metal contact percentage in the exposed compared to the nonexposed region in every case. With respect to bone density, there was a mean of 43.2% in previously exposed regions compared to 60.3% in previously nonexposed regions.

Adult↗