Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Training Programs”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

[The training programs for correction of the nutritional disturbances behavior in patients with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus type 2].

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the alimentary disorders in patients with high risk for cardiovascular diseases, also in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and njn--insulin-diabetes mellitus (DM). The results showed that patients with AH (155 patients) and DM (107 patients) have high prevalence of the alimentary disorders: high consumption of total fat--46% (DM) and 70.9% (AH), high consumption of carbohydrates--14.9% and 73%, salt intake--34.9% and 68.6%, respectively. Application of special training programs in groups provided stable modification of dietary habits and was more effective, compared with the traditional ones. These groups demonstrated better results in dietary habits modification, compared with the existing routine individual medical control groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid stenosis: a ten-year experience with 120 procedures in a fellowship training program.

Performance of carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid stenosis has been restricted during recent years because of concern of reported complications in as high as 10-15% of patients, as well as limited long-term data on stroke protection. During the last 10 years, we have studied immediate and long-term results of carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic disease in 120 patients. Operations were performed by a clinical vascular fellow with a staff surgeon in attendance in 113 (94%) cases with the remainder performed by the staff surgeon. Patients' mean age was 66 years; 82% were men. Risk factors included hypertension (56%), smoking (52%), coronary artery disease (32%), diabetes (24%), and hypercholesterolemia (6%). Arteriographic severity of stenoses was 80-99% in 74%, 60-79% in 22%, and 40-59% in 4% of cases. Postoperative complications included two transient neurological events (1.7%). No permanent strokes or deaths occurred. Using the life table method, cumulative stroke rate was 4.5% for ipsilateral events and 7.3% for contralateral events, confirming the high degree of stroke protection afforded by carotid endarterectomy in this population. Since these results were accomplished in a fellowship training program, we regard adequacy of this experience as the most influential factor in accomplishing this record. Surgeons who are unable to achieve comparable results should consider abandonment of the procedure or an extended period of additional training.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Curettage and shave excision. A tissue-saving technic for primary cutaneous carcinoma worthy of inclusion in graduate training programs.

Curettage and electrodesiccation, the customary treatment for primary basal and squamous cell carcinomas, lacks histologic control and standardization. A review of the literature cites these factors as potential causes for undesirable recurrence rates, especially in cosmetically sensitive areas. Curettage and shave excision offers histologic control, yet with no more sacrifice of normal tissue than curettage and electrodesiccation. An experimental study with 100 patients is described in which curettage and shave excision was used, instead of curettage and electrodesiccation, to treat primary carcinomas 1.0 cm or less. It is suggested that curettage and shave excision, while simple in concept, requires formal training and warrants consideration for inclusion into graduate training programs as an alternative effective treatment for primary carcinomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Resource utilization and work or school loss reported by patients with diabetes: experience in diabetes training programs.

Diabetes exerts a major economic impact on healthcare in the United States both in terms of direct and indirect costs. Diabetes management and education programs designed to assist patients in achieving more optimal glycemic control represent a potential mechanism for reducing the morbidity and costs associated with diabetes. The relationship between HbA1c and patient hospitalizations and between HbA1c and days lost from work or school related to diabetes within the past year were evaluated. A cohort of 2359 patients with diabetes (188 type I, 2171 type II) referred to a comprehensive diabetes self-management training program was included in the analyses. Overall, 350 (14.8%) patients reported hospitalization, and 212 (9.0%) reported days lost from work or school. Patients with type I diabetes reported more hospitalizations (26.1% vs 13.9% and days lost (19.2% vs 8.1%) than type II patients. For the hospitalization outcome, the multivariate analyses indicated that younger age, the number of co-morbidities, and the duration of diabetes exerted a greater influence on the reported numbers of hospitalization than glycemic control. For the days lost outcome, the multivariate analyses indicated that there was a marginally significant association between patients with poor glycemic control and reported work or school loss related to diabetes (odds ratio = 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-2.2). These data suggest that interventions that improve glycemic control may decrease indirect costs related to diabetes.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1986

Integrated university training program in geriatric medicine accredited and evaluated by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada.

The Federated Council for Internal Medicine recommended in 1981 "increased emphasis on geriatric medicine in the medical school curriculum, the medical residency, and continuing medical education." In the same year the first examination for a Certificate of Special Competence in Geriatric Medicine was held in Canada. This was the culmination of a process begun in 1974 to establish the subject as a subspecialty within Internal Medicine. The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada set up a Specialty Committee which developed criteria for the accreditation of training programs. Candidates have to be eligible to sit for the certification examination in Internal Medicine before they can sit for the Certificate of Special Competence in Geriatric Medicine which is awarded only after passing both examinations. Thirty-nine individuals sat for the examination in its first five years of whom 26 were successful. These now form a nucleus of well-qualified internist-geriatricians who are developing academic programs in geriatric medicine in Canadian Medical Schools.

Canada↗
PubMed1992

The effect of demands for honesty on the efficacy of the Carleton Skills-Training program.

30 low hypnotizable Ss were administered the Carleton Skills-Training (CST) program. Prior to testing, 15 Ss were administered honesty instructions (Bowers, 1967) in an effort to encourage responses that were consistent with subjective experiences and to dissuade Ss from performing in a manner intended to please E. Posttraining hypnotizability scores for Ss given honesty instructions were consistently smaller than those for 15 Ss who did not receive these instructions, implying that scores for the latter group exaggerate the extent to which hypnotic experiences are altered by the CST program. The pattern of results supports the view that demand characteristics contribute to the efficacy of the CST program, and that improvements in actual hypnotic talent are more limited than Spanos' original work implies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Effect of chronic treatment with beta-blockers on resting energy expenditure in obese hypertensive patients during a low-calorie and physical training program.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: To evaluate whether chronic treatment with beta-blockers influences resting energy expenditure (REE) and weight loss after a period of diet and physical activity in obese hypertensive patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: Seventy-eight obese hypertensive patients (24 males and 54 females) aged 53.7 +/- 11.1 years with mean BMI of 42.4 +/- 5.8 kg/m2 were enrolled. Thirty-eight patients were using beta-blockers while 40 patients who had not received beta-blockers in the past 6 months were the control group. REE was measured with indirect calorimetric method. Total body fat mass, total body fat-free mass (FFM) and total body water (W) were determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Patients and controls underwent a structured physical training program and a hypocaloric diet for a period of 31.6 +/- 10.6 days. Measured REE in patients taking beta-blockers was 1818 +/- 309 kcal/24 h and 1853 +/- 348 kcal/24 h in patients not taking beta-blockers; p = non significant. Weight and BMI loss were similar between the two groups and were respectively -6.43 +/- 2.62 kg and -2.42 +/- 0.91 kg/m2 in the beta-blocker group and -7.49 +/- 3.10 kg, -2.78 +/- 1.03 kg/m2 in the non beta-blocker group. Body composition was similar in the two groups. In the comparison between patients treated with selective beta 1-adrenoceptors blockers and non selective beta-blockers we found a significant difference in REE (1704 +/- 283 vs 1974 +/- 278; p = 0.012) and in weight loss (-5.6 +/- 2.4 vs -7.5 +/- 2.7; p = 0.048) at the end of study. CONCLUSIONS: Beta-blockers are not associated with a lower REE in obese subjects compared to other antihypertensive treatment. Use of non selective beta-adrenergic blockers is associated with a higher REE and weight loss compared to use of selective beta 1-adrenergic blockers. Non selective beta-blockers could be indicated among first choice drugs in hypertensive severely obese subjects without contraindications to beta-blockade.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1995

Complications of endoscopic sinus surgery in a residency training program.

Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is now taught in most otolaryngology residency programs in the United States. However, this is technically challenging surgery and concerns exist regarding patient safety early in the surgeon's learning curve. The authors reviewed 193 cases of ESS performed by residents, under faculty supervision at our program, between 1987 and 1992. Sixty-seven percent of patients underwent bilateral anterior ethmoidectomy, 40% had bilateral total ethmoidectomy, and 44% had bilateral middle turbinate reduction. The overall complication rate was 22% and included one major complication. Synechiae accounted for 50% of minor complications. There was no correlation between middle or inferior turbinate reduction and the formation of synechiae. Posterior ethmoidectomy was not associated with a significant increase in complications. We conclude that ESS can be safely performed by otolaryngology residents in carefully structured and supervised training programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Autopsy training programs. To right a wrong.

Autopsy rates have decreased from a peak of 41.1% in 1964 to less than 5% in many hospitals today. This disaster has stimulated many symposia and articles on the values of the autopsy, the reasons for its fall, and possible remedies. The many benefits of the autopsy include quality assessment of clinical diagnoses; added knowledge about new diseases, environmental hazards, and genetic disorders; and evaluation of new technologies. The autopsy is also a powerful educational tool. The main reasons for its decline include fear of medical litigation and professional discreditation due to unexpected findings, the unsubstantiated notion that technologic advances have rendered the autopsy obsolete, cost-cutting pressures, and inadequate compensation for pathologists. This essay addresses a remedy for another major contributing problem: clinicians' frustration at poorly performed autopsies due to defective training of autopsy pathologists. Requirements for excellent autopsy training programs include an intensive review of anatomy applied to dissection methods, including sequences of dissection; direct supervision of early cases by a competent and responsible senior pathologist at the autopsy table, with full responsibility assigned to the trainee only after completion of this apprenticeship; review of all cases with clinical staff at regularly scheduled gross organ conferences; and a sustained commitment by department heads to make necessary programmatic changes to meet these standards. Pathologists must demonstrate pursuit of excellence in performance of the autopsy before other ambitious elements are sought for its revival.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1995

Critical thinking within the RACGP Training Program and the college examination.

Current developments with the formalisation of the Program's curriculum provide the opportunity for the College to clarify its position on this important educational area. While not all GPs want to be involved in research, increasing demands for accountability for expenditure of insurer's (ie the government's) funds are inevitable. Skills related to audit of actual practice process and outcomes are likely to be required in the near future. The option of developing an audit project segment for the College examination should be considered. Critical appraisal skills could be assessed in the context of the development of standards for the audit. Similarly the efficacy of the Training Program in the development of accurate self-assessment skills in trainees should be researched. If found lacking, steps should be put in place to ensure that these educational processes become effective.

Australia↗
PubMed1999

Gait characteristics of individuals with multiple sclerosis before and after a 6-month aerobic training program.

Individuals who have multiple sclerosis (MS) typically experience problems with physical activities such as walking, resulting from the combined effects of skeletal muscle weakness, sensory disturbances, spasticity, gait ataxia, and reduction in aerobic capacity. The aim of this study was to determine whether a 6-mo exercise program designed for aerobic conditioning might also affect gait abnormalities in individuals with MS. Subjects included 18 individuals with MS who presented a range of disability. Passive range of motion (PROM) in the lower limbs was measured and gait analyzed before and after exercise conditioning. Three-dimensional kinematics, ground reaction forces (GRF), and electromyographic information were acquired as subjects walked at self-selected velocities. Hip PROM increased following conditioning. Mean walking velocity, cadence, and posterior shear GRF (push-off force) decreased. During walking, maximum ankle dorsiflexion decreased and ankle plantarflexion increased. Total knee flexion/extension range during the walking cycle decreased slightly as did maximum hip extension. Results suggest this 6-mo training program had minimal effect on gait abnormalities.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2003

Health and wellness in residents who matriculate into physician training programs.

OBJECTIVE: The first objective of this study was to evaluate lifestyle changes that occur during residency. The second objective was to determine whether residents in obstetrics and gynecology perceive greater changes compared with residents in other programs. STUDY DESIGN: Residents in selected obstetrics and gynecology, family practice, internal medicine, pediatrics, and surgery fields received surveys. Characteristics addressed before and after residency included eating habits, sleep hours, recreational time, exercise, and missed significant events. Unbalanced analysis of variance and unpaired Student t test were used when appropriate. RESULTS: All specialties noted a significant reduction in low-fat meals consumed, sleep hours, exercise, family interactions, and television viewing (P<.05). Residents noted a significant increase in missed significant events. Residents in obstetrics and gynecology perceived a greater reduction in television viewing compared with residents who were not in obstetrics and gynecology (P<.05). CONCLUSION: Residents perceive significant changes in many areas of health and wellness during residency training. Overall, residents in obstetrics and gynecology do not perceive greater lifestyle alterations compared with other training programs.

Diet↗
PubMed2006

Prevalence of Chlamydia in young men in the United States from newly implemented universal screening in a national job training program.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine chlamydia prevalence and its risk factors from the first universal screening in socioeconomically disadvantaged young men. GOAL: The goal of this study was to evaluate the need for universal screening in young men. STUDY DESIGN: We calculated chlamydia prevalence by demographic and geographic characteristics from 51,478 men aged 16 to 24 years who were screened from July 2003 to December 2004. RESULTS: Overall, chlamydia prevalence was 8.2%. Only 2.4% of the young men had sexually transmitted disease symptoms. Blacks had the highest prevalence (13.0%), whereas non-Hispanic whites had the lowest (3.1%). Men who smoked marijuana had a significantly higher prevalence compared with those who did not (11.9% vs. 6.4%). Men who used cocaine or PCP also had a significantly higher chlamydia prevalence compared with those who did not. Men who lived in the southern region of the United States had the highest prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: Chlamydial infection is highly prevalent among socioeconomically disadvantaged young men. Young men entering the National Job Training Program represent an important population for screening.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Neurologic education in emergency medicine training programs.

OBJECTIVES: Neurologic complaints are a frequent cause of emergency department visits. The morbidity and mortality of neurologic complaints such as headache and stroke can be extensive. Thus, emergency medicine residency programs should ensure adequate training in such neurologic emergencies. The authors sought to determine what methods are being used to educate residents on neurologic emergencies. METHODS: A two-page survey was mailed to directors of all 126 accredited emergency medicine residency programs in the United States. The number and types of lectures to residents, required rotations, and electives offered were assessed. Means, standard deviations (SDs), and proportions are used to describe the data. Ninety-five percent confidence intervals of proportions (95% CIs) were calculated. RESULTS: The response rate was 78% (98 of 126). Programs had a mean (+/- SD) of 5.4 (+/- 1.0) hours of didactic lectures per week, with a mean of 12.0 (+/- 5.9) lecture hours devoted to neurologic emergencies annually. A neurology rotation was required for 16 of the 92 programs providing these data (17.4%; 95% CI = 10.6% to 27.0%), and a neurosurgery rotation was required for 14 of these 92 programs (15.2%; 95% CI = 8.9% to 24.6%). One program (1.1%; 95% CI = 0.1% to 6.8%) required both a neurology and a neurosurgery rotation, and one program (1.1%; 95% CI = 0.1% to 6.8%) required either a neurology or a neurosurgery rotation. On 15 of the 32 required neurologic rotations (46.9%; 95% CI = 29.5% to 65.0%), time was spent only in the intensive care unit. The remaining 17 rotations used outpatient clinic and general floor neurology settings. Electives in neurology, neurosurgery, or neuroradiology were available for 32 programs (32.7%; 95% CI = 24.2% to 42.4%) but were seldom used. CONCLUSIONS: Currently, the primary method of educating residents to treat neurologic emergencies is through didactic lectures, as opposed to clinical rotations in neurology or neurosurgery. Improving resident education in neurologic emergencies within the current educational format must focus on improving didactic lectures in neurologic topics. Expanding clinical rotations or electives to enhance education in neurologic emergencies also warrants future attention.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1998

Initial employment experience of 1996 graduates of diagnostic radiology and radiation oncology training programs.

OBJECTIVE: The American College of Radiology sought to detail the initial employment experience of 1996 diagnostic radiology and radiation oncology graduates, the actual effect of factors expected to generate poor employment outcomes, and trends since 1995. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In autumn 1996, questionnaires were mailed to all graduates; 69% responded. The results were compared with a similar survey of 1995 graduates. RESULTS: After graduation, 3-10% of graduates, depending on their field (diagnostic radiology or radiation oncology) and level (residency or fellowship), spent some time working as a locum tenens, working outside their field, or unemployed. However, by a year after graduation, working outside one's field and unemployment had virtually disappeared, even among graduates unable or unwilling to relocate. The Professional Bureau of the American College of Radiology was the most widely used major job search method and drew relatively favorable ratings. At least 15-22% of graduates in posttraining employment had, and disliked, one or more of 11 job characteristics many observers regard unfavorably. Most commonly, the graduates' objection was to having too few patients to remain busy. Relatively poor job outcomes were associated with having a spouse who had to find a job in the same locality as the graduate (only salaries were impaired) but not with other locational constraints, with inadequacy of a major aspect of the training program (as reported by the graduate), and with being female. Changes from 1995 were few, and median salaries were approximately the same as in 1995. CONCLUSION: The employment situation is basically stable, but salaries seem to be lagging behind inflation. Female graduates' poorer employment outcomes are worrisome, especially because studies of women in other professions generally find, unlike our study, that women start their careers even with men.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Reliability of a structured interview scoring instrument for a Canadian postgraduate emergency medicine training program.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the reliability of scores assigned to interviews of medical students applying to an emergency medicine program. METHODS: A scoring instrument was derived based on faculty and resident input, institutional and national documents, and previous application procedures. Candidates were interviewed by four pairs of interviewers. Interviewers were asked to score the candidates on five visual analog scales (VASs) with objective anchors. Each interview assessed a unique candidate characteristic. All interviewers were given explicit instructions on scoring procedures and instrument use. The data were entered into an Excel database and transferred to SPSS, and reliabilities were measured with a two-way mixed-effect Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: Forty applications were received for the 2002 residency entry year. Thirty-eight application packages were complete, and 16 candidates were interviewed. Data collection was complete for all 16. The average measure intraclass correlations for each individual interviewer across the five VASs ranged from 0.72 to 0.92 (mean, 0.85). The interrater reliability within the four interviews (personal characteristics, trainability, suitability for emergency medicine, and suitability for the specific training program) were low at 0.36, 0.59, 0.69, and 0.49. The overall reliability of the four interview scores was 0.83, and for the eight interviewer scores it was 0.86. CONCLUSIONS: The reliability of the overall interview scores was very high. The intraclass correlations for each interviewer's VAS scores were also high, but interrater correlations within interview teams were moderate and not higher than those across interview teams. This study suggests that an interview assessment instrument can be highly reliable overall and that interviewers base scores on an overall global impression.

Canada↗
PubMed2006

Effects on parental mental health of an education and skills training program for parents of young children with autism: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of a parent education and behavior management intervention (PEBM) on the mental health and adjustment of parents with preschool children with autism. METHOD: A randomized, group-comparison design involving a parent education and counseling intervention to control for nonspecific therapist effects and a control sample was used. Two metropolitan and two rural regions were randomly allocated to intervention groups (n = 70) or control (n = 35). The parents of consecutive children with autism (2(1/2)-5 years old) from the autism assessment services for the intervention regions were then randomly allocated to either a 20-week manual-based parent education and behavior management intervention (n = 35) or a manual-based parent education and counseling intervention (n = 35). The main outcome measure of parental mental health was the General Health Questionnaire used pre- and postintervention and at 6-month follow-up. RESULTS: Both treatments resulted in significant and progressive improvement in overall mental health at follow-up (F = 2, 97, p =.007) and mental health significantly improved over time in the 54% of principal caregivers who had the highest levels of mental health problems. The parent education and behavior management intervention was effective in alleviating a greater percentage of anxiety, insomnia, and somatic symptoms and family dysfunction than parent education and counseling at 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: A 20-week parent education and skills training program for parents of young children newly diagnosed with autism provides significant improvements in parental mental health and adjustment, justifying its addition to early intervention programs at least for parents with mental health problems.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1970

Assessment of a lower extremity training program.

The response to a lower extremity program has been studied in workmen undergoing progressive rehabilitation following injury to the lower leg or ankle region. When first seen, the isometric strength of the injured limb was substantially reduced relative to its counterpart, and aerobic power was also poor, relative to normal standards. Substantial gains of isometric strength occurred over a four- to six-week period of therapy. Measurements above the site of injury suggested a 13% gain of strength, and measurements below the injury indicated a gain of 34%. On the other hand, there were minimal changes of thigh circumference over this period. Soft tissue radiographs taken in the posteroanterior and lateral planes showed a small (1%) increase of muscle tissue and a somewhat larger (5%) loss of subcutaneous fat. Dynamic exercise at a fixed percentage of aerobic power was associated with similar subjective discomfort and a similar accumulation of lactate before and after rehabilitation.It is concluded that the apparent improvement in isometric strength over the period of rehabilitation is due to (1) initial voluntary limitation of effort and (2) increase in skill. The use of soft tissue radiographs may afford a more objective basis for the evaluation of future muscle training programs.

Accidents, Occupational↗