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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Acute myeloid leukemia with Aspergillus tracheobronchitis after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplant].

A 51-year-old female with acute myeloid leukemia was admitted to our hospital in December 2001. Though she had undergone two courses of induction chemotherapy (idarubicin hydrochloride + cytarabine), she failed to achieve a complete remission. In April 2002, while in non-complete remission, she subsequently underwent total body irradiation (TBI) and treatment with cyclophosphamide (CY) and etoposide (VP-16) before receiving an allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplant from her HLA-identical brother. For graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, she was given tacrolimus and methotrexate. The infused CD34 positive cells provided 8.1 x 10(6) cells per kg. Engraftment was obtained on post-transplant day 14, and there was no evidence of clinical acute GVHD. The use of tacrolimus was discontinued on post-transplant day 60. As there was no occurrence of clinical acute GVHD, the patient received a donor lymphocyte infusion (CD3 cells 0.57 X 10(7) cells per kg) on post-transplant day 105. On day 132, however, she complained of coughing and fever, and on day 135, she was admitted to our hospital again for dyspnea. A CT scan demonstrated ground-glass opacity in the right pulmonary lobe. After considering her clinical course, symptoms, blood gas, CT scans, etc., we suspected interstitial pneumonia. The dyspnea progressively worsened, however, and despite the use of mechanical ventilation from day 143, the patient died on day 149. From the day she was admitted till the day she was intubated, she was unable to produce sputum. Autopsy findings revealed yellow-white tracheal pseudomembranes, as well as Aspergillus hyphae in the trachea, bronchus, and bilateral lungs. These findings are characteristic of Aspergillus tracheobronchitis. The clinical course of Aspergillus tracheobronchitis in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients is, however, different from that of the usual invasive Aspergillus infection, and although Aspergillus tracheobronchitis is a very rare disease, attention should be paid to the possibility of its occurrence.

Aspergillosis↗
PubMed2004

[A case of bronchial ulcer due to infection by Mycobacterium abscessus].

We present a rare case of tracheobronchitis caused by Mycobacterium abscessus. The patient was a 79-year-old man with a previous history of tuberculosis. For smear examinations, he repeatedly expectorated many acid-fast bacilli. Bronchoscopic examination revealed the presence of ulceration on the lower end of the trachea and extending to the right main bronchus. Mycobacterial cultures were used to grow Mycobacterium abscessus. Following an antimicrobial regimen of clarithromycin, amikacin, and cefoxitin, the patient exhibited marked improvement. After initial multidrug therapy, the patient was placed on clarithromycin for 10 months. No relapse has occurred to date.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Hospitalized croup (bacterial and viral): the role of rigid endoscopy.

This is a retrospective study of 500 cases of hospitalized patients with the diagnosis of croup (laryngotrachitis), admitted between January 1986 and August 1988, at the Montreal Children's Hospital. The patient's age, sex, clinical history, physical examination, number of admissions, season of admission, method of diagnosis, treatment and management were reviewed. Two per cent of these patients were diagnosed as bacterial croup. All of them required intubation and endoscopic evaluation in their management. Of all the viral croup patients, less than one-third were severe enough to require an intensive care setting for their management. In these patients, 6% required endotracheal intubation, and on endoscopy, a significant number of these patients had an endoscopic airway abnormality in addition to croup (subglottic edema). According to our findings, we suggest diagnostic micro-laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy be performed on certain groups of croup patients because of their higher yield of airway abnormality on endoscopy.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The safety of nebulization with 3 to 5 ml of adrenaline (1:1000) in children: an evidence based review].

OBJECTIVE: To present the evidence regarding the safety of nebulization with 3-5 ml of adrenaline (1:1000) for the treatment of children with acute inflammatory airway obstruction. SOURCES OF DATA: An electronic search was undertaken, using mainly Medline databases (January of 1949-July of 2004). The study inclusion criteria for this review were: 1) randomized clinical trial; 2) Patients (up to 12 yrs) with diagnosis of bronchiolitis or laryngotracheobronchitis; 3) use of adrenaline (1:1000) by nebulization. The principal data extracted from the trials included adrenaline dosages and their effects on heart rate and blood pressure and any other side-effects. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS: Seven clinical trials with a total of 238 patients were included for this review. Two of the five trials in which larger dosages (> or = 3 ml) of adrenaline were used demonstrated a significant increase in heart rate. The mean increase in heart rate varied from seven to 21 beats per minute, up to 60 minutes after treatment. The highest incidence of pallor was observed in one trial with 21 children treated by nebulization with 3 ml of adrenaline (47.6% in the adrenaline group vs. 14.3% in the salbutamol group, 30 minutes after treatment). Two clinical trials failed to observe a significant effect on blood pressure from nebulization with adrenaline (4 and 5 ml). CONCLUSION: Evidence shows that nebulization with 3 to 5 ml of adrenaline (1:1000) is a safe therapy, with minor side-effects, for children with acute inflammatory airway obstruction.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ambient air pollution and its impact on the incidence of respiratory diseases in children].

The increased number of ecological problems in Russia has stimulated the development of methodological approaches to studying a human chemical load under the conditions of an industrial town. The data on mortality in children under 3 years of age, who lived in a developed industrial town, have been analyzed. Comparison of data on ambient air purity and those on the incidence of respiratory disease has established a correlation between environment pollution and the likelihood of diseases in children under the influence of harmful factors.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Lung infections and infestations. Therapeutic considerations.

This article discusses two common causes of lung disease in the dog and cat: tracheobronchitis and bacterial pneumonia. Information about parasitic infestation of the trachea, bronchi, and lung parenchyma is summarized. Data are also presented regarding the sensitivities of bacterial infections of the respiratory tract to antibiotics.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Tracheal tube obstruction in a case of concealed tracheomalacia--a case report.

We report on the successful mangement of airway obstruction, immediately after tracheal intubation for elective operation, in a patient with concealed tracheomalacia. We discuss the issues posed in patients with mild or undiagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that are relevant to tracheomalacia. We underline the link between tracheomalacia and COPD and emphasize the high level of awareness needed, in order to avoid or manage promptly adverse events during airway management for anesthesia in these patients.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed2006

[Determination of serum fucosidase activities].

A method has been developed for simultaneous determination of the activity of alpha-L-fucosidase (EC 3.2.1.51) and the beta-D-fucosidase activity induced by beta-D-galactosidase (IV, EC 3.2.1.23) in the serum. The paper presents data on changes in these enzymatic activities in the serum in an experiment, in acute hematogenous osteomyelitis and recurrent laryngotracheitis in children in pregnant females with gestosis and placental insufficiency.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Enzymatic status of leukocytes and its correction in acute stenosing laryngotracheitis in children].

Virological and cytochemical parameters of blood leukocytes during acute stenosing laryngotracheitis in 53 children were measured, viz. succinate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatase, myeloperoxidase. The patients were subjected to a combined treatment which included metabolites and their cofactors. The treatment gave good results, shortening the duration and reducing the number of relapses of the disease.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed2006

[Investigation of the risk factors and prevention of nosocomial tracheobronchitis in elderly patients on mechanical ventilation in surgical intensive care unit].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence, the risk factors and the outcome of nosocomial tracheobronchitis (NTB) in patients age over 65 years of age receiving mechanical ventilation (MV). METHODS: Using prospective cohort study to collect and analyse the clinical information of elderly patients who received mechanical ventilation in surgical intensive care unit (ICU) of Zhongshan Hospital, from November 2002 to July 2004. Patients with first episodes of NTB were compared with those without NTB by univariate analysis and logistic regression. RESULTS: There were 35 elderly patients diagnosed as having NTB (53.0%). The differences in serum albumin, nasal feeding, the length of ICU stay, the duration of MV days, the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score and the kinds of the antibiotic used between patients with NTB and without NTB were significant. The results of the univariate analysis showed that nasal feeding, low serum albumin, the duration of the MV>4 days, the length of ICU stay >9 days, the kinds of antibiotics used and the APACHE II score higher than 9 were the risk factors of NTB. However the logistic regression suggested that nasal feeding, MV days >4 days, nasal feeding and the kinds of the antibiotics used >2 are the independent risk factors of NTB. CONCLUSION: There is high incidence of NTB in ventilated patients in surgical ICU. Low albumin level, nasal feeding, prolonged MV and ICU stay days, high APACH II score and administration of too much antibiotics are the important risk factors of NTB.

Aged↗