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PubMed1979

A radiographic evaluation of the response of previously avulsed teeth and partially avulsed teeth to orthodontic movement.

Orthodontic movement, as documented in this study, can be accomplished successfully in the case of completely avulsed and partially avulsed teeth which have been reimplanted. These teeth respond to normal orthodontic forces and duration of treatment time by conventional orthodontic techniques and retention. Apical root resorption does occur more readily in these teeth before, during, and after orthodontic treatment. Six of the eighty-one involved teeth were lost because of complete root dissolution. The involved teeth which were reimplanted immediately without pulpal treatment and their integrity protected as living tissue were successfully treated orthodontically with no known losses as of this writing. It will be interesting to observe the tissue response of these avulsed teeth in the years ahead. How will time and circumstances deal with these teeth?

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Root resorption after orthodontic treatment of traumatized teeth.

This study concerns the frequency and degree of root resorption in traumatized incisors that have been treated orthodontically. The subjects were twenty-seven patients (fifteen boys and twelve girls) with fifty-five traumatized incisors; fifty-five consecutive patients without traumatized teeth served as controls. All the control patients were treated with extraction of four first premolars and a fixed appliance (thirty-three with an edgewise and twenty-two with a Begg appliance). Signs of root resorption were registered with index scores from 0 to 4 (Fig. 1). The degree of root resorption in traumatized teeth was compared to that in the uninjured control teeth in the same patient and in the patients without trauma. Neither the intraindividual nor the interindividual comparisons support the hypothesis that traumatized teeth have a greater tendency toward root resorption than uninjured teeth. Root resorption (scores 2 to 4) was found in 51 percent of the traumatized incisors, in 43 percent of the incisors treated with edgewise appliances, and in 48 percent of those treated with Begg appliances. Traumatized teeth with signs of root resorption prior to orthodontic treatment may be more prone to root resorption during treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The effects of space closure of the mandibular first molar area in adults.

There is little information regarding the orthodontic closure of remodeled, edentulous spaces in the posterior area of the mandible. The present study was undertaken to determine the dental and periodontal changes that occur when mandibular first molar areas are closed in adults. Fourteen adult patients were selected from private orthodontic practices. Pre- and posttreatment study models were used to measure the mesiodistal length of the edentulous space and the buccolingual width of the alveolar ridge. The amount of crown and root movement of the second molar and premolar was measured from lateral cephalometric radiographs. From pre- and posttreatment panoramic or periapical radiographs, the anatomic changes of the second molar and adjacent periodontium were also measured. Every case showed significant space closure (x = 6.2 mm) ranging from 2.7 to 11.5 mm. There was crestal bone loss (x = 1.3 mm) mesial to the second molar in all but five cases. These latter cases showed bone addition. As the molar moved mesially , the alveolar ridge increased in width an average of 1.2 mm. The adult patient who showed the greatest amount of space closure and the least amount of molar bone loss had (1) mesiodistal space of 6.0 mm, (2) buccolingual ridge width of 7.0 mm, and (3) mesial molar bone level 1.0 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction. The results of this study indicate that space closure is not only possible but may aid the treatment of certain cases. Space closure should be considered as a potential solution to the absence of mandibular first permanent molars.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Influence of orthodontic treatment on root development of autotransplanted premolars.

The aim of this study was to clarify whether orthodontic movement of autotransplanted premolars will affect the final root length of the transplants. A group of 29 autotransplanted premolars that had been orthodontically treated was compared with a group of 30 autotransplanted premolars that had not been orthodontically treated. Contralateral teeth in both groups served as controls. The root lengths of the transplants as well as the controls were measured on the radiographs immediately after transplantation and also after orthodontic treatment and complete root formation. The results demonstrated that there was no statistically significant difference between the original and final root lengths of the transplants in the two samples or between the contralateral teeth. The autotransplantation of the premolars resulted in an average shortening of 1 to 2 mm compared to the contralateral control teeth. Futhermore, orthodontic movement of the transplants appeared to have a tendency to shorten the final root length.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Root resorption in maxillary central incisors following active orthodontic treatment.

The purpose of this study was to determine if apical root resorption associated with orthodontic treatment continues after the termination of active treatment (that is, the removal of fixed appliances). A sample of 45 subjects who had experienced root resorption during treatment was selected from the orthodontic clinic at the State University of New York at Buffalo. The length of the maxillary central incisors was measured from lateral cephalometric radiograms taken before treatment, after active treatment, and after retention. From these data, the resorption occurring during and after active treatment was calculated. The mean amount of root resorption during active treatment was 2.93 mm. The mean amount of root resorption during the posttreatment period was 0.1 mm. There was a statistical difference between these two means using the Student's t test at the 0.05 level of significance. The reliability coefficient comparing the first tracings and measurements in the 19 cases that were retraced and remeasured was r = 0.993. The data from this radiographic study support the hypothesis that root resorption associated with orthodontic treatment ceases with the termination of active treatment. There was also evidence to suggest that when posttreatment root resorption does occur, it is not necessarily associated with large amounts of root resorption during the active treatment period. It is more likely associated with other factors, such as traumatic occlusion and active force-delivering retainers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Characteristics of periodontal mechanoreceptors supplying reimplanted canine teeth in cats.

These characteristics were investigated 12 weeks and one year after tooth reimplantation. Electrophysiological recordings were made from single mechanosensitive units dissected from the inferior alveolar nerve and each unit was characterized by applying forces to the crown of the tooth. The characteristics were compared with those of receptors innervating normal teeth. The periodontal mechanoreceptors supplying teeth reimplanted 12 weeks earlier responded to applied forces over a narrower range of directions, had higher force thresholds, lower discharge frequencies and adapted more rapidly than controls. One year after reimplantation their characteristics were nearer to normal but they remained significantly different from those of control units. It seems likely that the altered receptor characteristics could have resulted from a combination of changes in tooth mobility, disorganisation of the collagen matrix and direct injury to the nerve terminals.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1993

The distribution and morphological characteristics of axons innervating the periodontal ligament of reimplanted teeth in cats.

Twelve weeks after reimplanting lower canines the distribution and characteristics of myelinated and non-myelinated axons within the periodontal ligament were investigated by light and electron microscopy. The ligament was examined at 2-mm intervals along the length of the root of four reimplanted teeth and of the contralateral canines, which served as controls. In each case the periodontal ligament was reinnervated. In two of the teeth, which showed extensive apical resorption, the innervation was much less than in control teeth. In two teeth showing minimal or no apical resorption the degree of innervation at the most apical level did not differ significantly from controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The indications for the transplantation of maxillary canines in the light of 100 cases.

One hundred cases of autogenous transplantation of maxillary canines are reviewed and the results assessed. They were divided into Group A, 50 cases 3 to 10 years out of retention, and Froup B, 50 consecutive cases 1 to 3 years out of retention. If the criteria for success depended on a normal response to vitality test, 62 per cent of Group A and 24 per cent of Group B were successful. If a prognosis rating was used, 68 per cent of Group A and 72 per cent of Group B had a good prognosis.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1980

A review of the submerged-root concept.

The purpose of this article was to review and summarize the literature on the retention of submerged roots. It appears that the submerged-root procedures may have an accepted place alongside conventional overdenture techniques in the profession's continuing effort to retard alveolar bone resorption in the field of prosthodontics.

Acrylic Resins↗