Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Titanium”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Strength analysis of titanium and resorbable internal fixation in a mandibulotomy model.

PURPOSE: Mandibulotomy is used to access various tumors of the tongue base, posterior oral cavity, pharynx, parapharyngeal space, and cranial base. Internal fixation using titanium plates and screws is the most common method of stabilization. These have the potential for interference with radiotherapy delivery. This in vitro study compares the strength of titanium and resorbable internal fixation in a mandibulotomy model by analyzing the force required for plate and screw breakage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Red oak wood board was used to simulate the mandible. Titanium and resorbable plates and screws in various configurations were used to stabilize pieces of the wood. They were arranged in 6 different groups. The specimens were individually tested with a vertical load, while the test machine recorded the force-versus-displacement behavior automatically. RESULTS: Plate type and configuration affected the applied load required to induce displacement of the simulated mandibulotomy. Heating and cooling the resorbable plates prior to strength testing also affected the load-versus-displacement curve. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the titanium system we studied exhibited greater resistance to deformation from a vertical load than did the resorbable plate groups.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed2006

Maxillary stability following Le Fort I osteotomy in combination with sagittal split ramus osteotomy and intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy: a comparative study between titanium miniplate and poly-L-lactic acid plate.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare changes in maxillary stability after Le Fort I osteotomy with titanium miniplate and poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) plate (Fixsorb-MX; Takiron Co, Osaka, Japan). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The subjects were composed of 47 Japanese patients with diagnosed jaw deformity: 24 underwent Le Fort I osteotomy and sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO); and 23 underwent Le Fort I osteotomy intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy without internal fixation. Each group was divided into titanium plate and PLLA plate groups. Time course changes between plate groups were compared using lateral and posteroanterior cephalography. RESULTS: Significant differences were identified between titanium plate and PLLA plate groups in A point after Le Fort I osteotomy and SSRO (P < .05). Significant differences existed between titanium plate and PLLA plate groups in vertical component of posterior nasal spine after Le Fort I osteotomy in both combinations with SSRO and intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (P < .05). However, no significant differences were identified in measurements on posteroanterior cephalography. CONCLUSION: These results suggest a slight tendency for vertical impaction after Le Fort I osteotomy both in combination with SSRO and intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy with PLLA plates, although differences in time course changes were not clinically apparent, and normal occlusion was established in all patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The effectiveness of polyethylene versus titanium particles in inducing osteolysis in vivo.

Bearing surface wear and periprosthetic osteolysis due to wear particles are among the most common reasons for joint replacement failure. A murine calvarial model of wear particle-induced osteolysis has been used to identify different biologic factors associated with this problem and to test nonsurgical methods of modulating the host response to particulate debris. This model has utilized titanium particles, however, in clinical practice the most common source of particulate debris is polyethylene particles from bearing surface wear. We now report a calvarial model of wear particle-induced osteolysis based on commercially available polyethylene particles. We found that compared to sham surgery osteoclast recruitment and bone resorption can be induced by introduction of the titanium particles or polyethylene particles. However, bone resorption was significantly higher with polyethylene particles compared to titanium particles (p=0.02). We consider the polyethylene based murine calvarial model of wear particle-induced osteolysis a reliable and clinically relevant tool to understand the host factors and potential pharmacologic interventions that can influence wear debris generated osteolysis. This model might serve as an extension of the well-established titanium based bone resorption model.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Polyethylene and titanium particles induce osteolysis by similar, lymphocyte-independent, mechanisms.

Periprosthetic osteolysis is a major clinical problem that limits the long-term survival of total joint arthroplasties. Osteolysis is induced by implant-derived wear particles, primarily from the polyethylene bearing surfaces. This study examined two hypotheses. First, that similar mechanisms are responsible for osteolysis induced by polyethylene and titanium particles. Second, that lymphocytes do not play a major role in particle-induced osteolysis. To test these hypotheses, we used the murine calvarial model that we have previously used to examine titanium-induced osteolysis. Polyethylene particles rapidly induced osteolysis in the murine calvaria 5-7 days after implantation. The polyethylene-induced osteolysis was associated with large numbers of osteoclasts as well as the formation of a thick periosteal fibrous tissue layer with numerous macrophages containing phagocytosed polyethylene particles. Polyethylene-induced osteolysis was rapidly repaired and was undetectable by day 21 after implantation. Lymphocytes were noted in the fibrous layer of wild-type mice. However, the amount of osteolysis and cytokine production induced by polyethylene particles was not substantially affected by the lack of lymphocytes in Pfp/Rag2 double knock out mice. All of these findings are similar to our observations of osteolysis induced by titanium particles. These results provide strong support for both of our hypotheses: that similar mechanisms are responsible for osteolysis induced by polyethylene and titanium particles and that lymphocytes do not play a major role in particle-induced osteolysis.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Marginal accuracy of titanium copings fabricated by casting and CAD/CAM techniques.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Advances in computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology purportedly enhance the marginal fit of dental restorations. However, little information is available on the marginal accuracy of restorations manufactured with various CAD/CAM systems. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the marginal accuracy and refinement time of titanium copings fabricated by 3 different CAD/CAM systems relative to standard casting techniques. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty-four stone die duplicates of a human maxillary central incisor, prepared for a metal-ceramic crown, with a uniform chamfer design, were divided into 4 groups (n=16). The specimens were restored with titanium copings using CAD/CAM systems Pro 50 (PRO), DCS (DCS), and Everest (EVE). A conventional titanium casting technique, Biotan (BIO), served as a control. Vertical and horizontal discrepancies between restoration margins and the preparations were each measured before and after manual refinement. This refinement was completed using a disclosing agent and by removing the internal positive defects of the copings. The marginal discrepancies of the copings were evaluated at 4 standard areas using 10 measurements, for a total of 160 measurements of each margin. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used for analyzing marginal accuracy. The coping refinement time was analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc Wilcoxon rank sum tests (alpha=.05). RESULTS: The marginal discrepancies (microm) ranged from 32.9 to 127.8 before and from 3.4 to 58.4 after the manual refinement of copings. Manual refinement significantly improved the marginal accuracy (P<.0001) when compared with the initial fabrication. The relative (%) gain of marginal accuracy was PRO, 74.1%; DCS, 69.7%; EVE, 68.7%; and the control, BIO, 69.2%. The median duration of manual refinement time in minutes was 6.0 for PRO, 9.5 for DCS, 4.0 for EVE, and 4.0 for BIO (Kruskal-Wallis-test: P<.0001). CONCLUSION: Manual adjustment significantly improves the marginal accuracy of CAD/CAM system-fabricated titanium copings. The highest marginal accuracy was achieved with the DCS system, using a longer refinement time.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preliminary results of staged anterior debridement and reconstruction using titanium mesh cages in the treatment of thoracolumbar vertebral osteomyelitis.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Vertebral osteomyelitis can be successfully treated with spinal immobilization and parenteral antibiotics. Failure of medical therapy may necessitate surgical treatment consisting of anterior debridement and structural anterior column reconstruction. Autologous structural bone graft has traditionally been the gold standard in anterior column reconstruction. Because of the morbidity related to graft harvest, vertebral body replacement cages have emerged as a viable option for reconstructing a deficient anterior column. PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of titanium mesh cages in the reconstruction of anterior column defects in the presence of active pyogenic infection. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective case series. METHODS: Eleven patients underwent operative treatment for osteomyelitis of the thoracolumbar spine using staged anterior debridement and reconstruction with cylindrical titanium mesh cages followed by delayed posterior spinal fusion with pedicle screw instrumentation during a 2-year period. Patients were postoperatively evaluated clinically and radiographically. RESULTS: Follow-up averaged 17+/-9 months. Average increase in kyphosis of 10+/-6 degrees corresponding to 4+/-4 mm loss in the height (subsidence) of the anterior construct. One patient died during revision surgery for hardware failure. Seven of the remaining 10 patients have not required antibiotics after the initial postoperative course of treatment. Three patients are maintained on chronic suppressive therapy as a precaution. There has been no evidence of recurrence or residual infection in any patient. Seven of the 10 patients were pain free at latest follow-up. There has been one case of pseudarthrosis. CONCLUSION: Cylindrical titanium mesh can be used with consistently good results for large anterior column defect reconstructions even in the face of active pyogenic infection. In our cohort of patients with pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis, the use of titanium mesh cages has not been associated with early recurrence of infection.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Complications after zygoma fracture fixation: is there a difference between biodegradable materials and how do they compare with titanium osteosynthesis?

OBJECTIVE: Biodegradable materials are particularly useful for the fixation of zygomatic fractures. Different systems are commercially available. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcome of zygomatic fracture fixation using 3 biodegradable systems and a titanium osteosynthesis system. STUDY DESIGN: Patients with displaced fractures of the zygomatic bone presenting at our department from October 2001 to May 2003 were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 treatment groups for fracture fixation (study group A: LactoSorb: n = 18; study group B: BioSorb: n = 18; study group C: Delta: n = 18). Treatment outcome and complication rates were compared with a historic patient group with zygomatic fractures fixed with titanium osteosynthesis (control group D: n = 15). RESULTS: A total of 64 patients (study groups A + B + C: n = 49; control group D: n = 15) were followed for at least 24 months (range: 24 to 44 months). Forty-nine patients in the biodegradable study groups (group A: n = 15; group B: n = 17; group C: n = 17) who had their fractures fixed with biodegradable plates and screws alone or in combination with titanium plates and screws were reviewed postoperatively. Uneventful healing occurred during the entire follow-up period in 39 (80%) out of 49 patients in the biodegradable groups (A + B + C) and in 12 (80%) out of 15 patients in group D. Ten patients in groups A + B + C developed postoperative complications (infection: n = 3; soft tissue dehiscence: n = 2; implant-related tissue reactions: n = 5), compared with 3 patients in group D (soft tissue dehiscence: n = 1; unspecific pain: n = 2) (P = .97). Complications occurred in 4 patients in group A and 3 patients each in groups B and C. Smokers developed significantly more postoperative complications than nonsmokers in groups A + B + C (P = .01). CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference between biodegradable osteosynthesis materials or between biodegradable materials and titanium fixation with respect to fracture healing and postoperative complications. Postoperative complications were of a minor nature and resolved spontaneously or after local therapy. Smoking habits may play a significant role in the incidence of complications with biodegradable materials.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed2002

Survival analysis of rats implanted with porous titanium tracheal prosthesis.

BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment of a malignancy in the trachea may lead to a long resection that has to be reconstructed with an artificial prosthesis. However, most of the available prostheses encounter inflammatory rejection and mechanical constraint problems. To improve tracheal rehabilitation a porous titanium prosthesis was developed. The aim of this study was to test the biocompatibility of this novel material. METHODS: Seventeen rats had a partial tracheal prosthesis made of porous titanium inserted in the cervical trachea. The histologic analysis of the tissue surrounding the prosthesis was performed in 11 surviving animals after a period of 15 to 41 days. RESULTS: Fibroblast colonization of titanium pores and a ciliary cylindrical epithelial layer developed on the endoluminal side of the prosthesis and the inflammatory reaction was minimal. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this short-term study validate, from surgical and histologic standpoints, the usefulness of a porous titanium tracheal prosthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Fit of titanium and a base metal alloy metal-ceramic crown.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Titanium has been widely used in dental implantology. However, problems remain for use of titanium in prosthodontics. PURPOSE: This study evaluated the marginal and inner fit of metal-ceramic restorations and frameworks made with a nickel-chromium alloy (Remanium CS) and a commercially pure titanium (Rematitan). Fit was compared with SEM before and after firing of ceramic materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixteen metal frameworks were cast with each casting material, 8 frameworks were used directly to evaluate measurements for fit (RCS: Remanium CS frameworks and TI: Rematitan frameworks). Porcelain was applied on the other 8 frameworks (RCSP: Remanium CS-porcelain and TIP: Rematitan-porcelain), fired, and then the fit was measured. Measurements were recorded at 3 points for marginal fit evaluation and at 3 points for inner fit. RESULTS: Significant differences were recorded among the occlusal (JK) values of groups tested (P <.05). Marginal fit and inner fit of Remanium CS frameworks were better than Rematitan frameworks. However, there were no substantial differences detected among groups after firing the ceramic superstructures. CONCLUSION: The fit of the base metal alloy metal-ceramic crowns was better than the commercially pure titanium metal-ceramic crowns. However, both artificial crowns were clinically acceptable.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1997

The effects of sprue design on the roughness and porosity of titanium castings.

PURPOSE: This study measured the effects of the sprue number and position on the roughness and porosity of cast titanium crowns. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four complete veneer crown wax patterns were fabricated on a stainless steel die with a 30-degree bevel finish line. Twelve wax patterns were sprued with one 8-gauge wax sprue and the remaining 12 were double sprued. All patterns were invested with a phosphate bonded investment. Castings were made with a titanium casting, according to the manufacturer's instructions, with commercially pure titanium (> 99.5%) ingots. The castings were carefully cleaned and the surface roughness was measured with a profilometer. The specimens were then embedded and sectioned. Internal porosities were quantified with photographs by computerized image analysis. Data were analyzed with an ANOVA and the Student's t test with a confidence level of 95%. RESULTS: The roughness value of the occlusal third of the crowns for the single sprue group (Ra = 3.0 +/- 0.9 microns) was significantly higher than other measurements (p < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in values of porosity areas between the single sprue group (1.5 +/- 0.7 mm2) and the double sprue group (0.2 +/- 0.2 mm2) (p < 0.01). The double sprue design resulted in a relatively smoother casting surface and less internal porosity than the single sprue design. CONCLUSIONS: Improvements in the degree of roughness and porosity of titanium crown castings were the result of the double sprue design.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1999

Effect of sandblasting and silicoating on bond strength of polymer-glass composite to cast titanium.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: There is little information regarding the mechanical and chemical retention of polymer-glass composite to cast titanium. PURPOSE: This study examined whether sandblasting in conjunction with silicoating improves the bond strength of the polymer-glass composite to cast titanium. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Disk patterns (10 mm in diameter, 2.5 mm thick) were cast with commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) and Type IV gold alloy. Three pretreatments were applied: 50 microm Al(2)O(3) sandblasting (50 SB), 250 microm Al(2)O(3) sandblasting (250 SB), and 600-grit SiC paper polishing (600 SiC). After surface preparation, the Siloc system (silicoating) was applied on the disks. The 50 SB specimens without Siloc system were also prepared as controls. Then sticky tape with a circular hole (4.76 mm diameter) was placed onto the disk to define the bonding area. Artglass (polymer-glass) opaque, dentin, and enamel composites were applied using Teflon matrices and then light-polymerized. Shear bond strength (n = 8) was determined at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. Results were analyzed statistically with 2-way ANOVA and the Tukey-Kramer test (alpha=.05). RESULTS: The Siloc system significantly (P <.05) improved the mean shear bond strength of Artglass to both metals in the 50 SB specimens. Statistical differences (P <.05) in shear bond strength were found among surface treatments for the silicoated CP Ti specimens, in which 250 SB specimens yielded the greatest bond strength. The Type IV specimens treated with Siloc system showed no significant differences in shear bond strength between the 50 SB and the 250 SB specimens. CONCLUSION: Sandblasting with coarser alumina particles in conjunction with silicoating significantly enhanced bond strength of polymer-glass composite to cast titanium.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2000

Bone flap fixation with titanium clamps: a new technique.

BACKGROUND: Craniotomy bone flaps are replaced for both cosmetic and protective purposes. The purpose of this study was to determine the facility, strength, timing, and cost effectiveness of an alternative system for securing bone flaps. The system consists of titanium discs that clamp the bone flap to the skull edge. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ten cadaver craniotomy flaps each were reattached with either 24-gauge wire, miniplates, or titanium clamps. The titanium clamp system required significantly less time to fix than either wire or miniplates. The clamps were stronger than wire and cost less than miniplates. CONCLUSION: The titanium clamp system is a reasonable alternative to present craniotomy fixation methods with respect to ease of use, time consumption, strength, and relative cost.

Craniotomy↗
PubMed1998

Precurving of nickel-titanium files affects transportation in simulated canals.

Instrumentation studies comparing nickel-titanium with stainless-steel files have been performed without precurving the nickel-titanium files. It is unknown what influence the precurving of nickel-titanium files would have on transportation in small curved canals of varying curvatures. One hundred-sixty resin blocks with simulated canals were used. Eighty blocks had gradual (gradual curve (GC)) 30-degree curves; the remainder had abrupt (abrupt curve (AC)) 30-degree curves. Ten blocks for each curvature and for each degree of precurving (0, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45) were instrumented with a machine that imparted only an in and out motion. Simulated canals were a size 30 at the apex, and size 30 nickel-titanium files were used to instrument the canals. A transportation "t" index was determined at two levels: T1 (1 mm from the apex) and TB (a line bisecting the curve of the canal). For GC at T1 and TB, 45- and 25-degree curved instruments, respectively, produced significantly less transportation (p < 0.0001). For AC at T1 and TB, 35- and 0-degree curved instruments, respectively, produced significantly less transportation (p < 0.0001). Comparing GC and AC, the transportation for GC was significantly less (p < 0.0015).

Dental Alloys↗
PubMed1999

Endodontic complications of root canal therapy performed by dental students with stainless-steel K-files and nickel-titanium hand files.

Straightening of curved canals is one of the most common procedural errors in endodontic instrumentation. This problem is commonly encountered when dental students perform molar endodontics. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of the type of instrument used by these students on the extent of straightening and on the incidence of other endodontic procedural errors. Nickel-titanium 0.02 taper hand files were compared with traditional stainless-steel 0.02 taper K-files. Sixty molar teeth comprised of maxillary and mandibular first and second molars were treated by senior dental students. Instrumentation was with either nickel-titanium hand files or stainless-steel K-files. Preoperative and postoperative radiographs of each tooth were taken using an XCP precision instrument with a customized bite block to ensure accurate reproduction of radiographic angulation. The radiographs were scanned and the images stored as TIFF files. By superimposing tracings from the preoperative over the postoperative radiographs, the degree of deviation of the apical third of the root canal filling from the original canal was measured. The presence of other errors, such as strip perforation and instrument breakage, was established by examining the radiographs. In curved canals instrumented by stainless-steel K-files, the average deviation of the apical third of the canals was 14.44 degrees (+/- 10.33 degrees). The deviation was significantly reduced when nickel-titanium hand files were used to an average of 4.39 degrees (+/- 4.53 degrees). The incidence of other procedural errors was also significantly reduced by the use of nickel-titanium hand files.

Dental Instruments↗
PubMed2000

Cutting efficiency of air-turbine burs on cast titanium and dental casting alloys.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the cutting efficiency of air-turbine burs on cast free-machining titanium alloy (DT2F) and to compare the results with those for cast commercially pure (CP) Ti, Ti-6Al-4V alloy, and dental casting alloys. METHODS: The cast metal (DT2F, CP Ti, Ti-6Al-4V, Type IV gold alloy and Co-Cr alloy) specimens were cut with air-turbine burs (carbide burs and diamond points) at air pressures of 138 or 207 kPa and a cutting force of 0.784 N. The cutting efficiency of each bur was evaluated as volume loss calculated from the weight loss cut for 5 s and the density of each metal. The bulk microhardness was measured to correlate the machinability and the hardness of each metal. RESULTS: The amounts of DT2F cut with the carbide burs were significantly (p < 0.05) greater than for the other titanium specimens at either 138 or 207 kPa. The diamond points exhibited similar machining efficiency among all metals except for Type IV gold alloy. The increase in the volume loss of Co-Cr alloy (Vitallium) cut with the diamond points showed a negative value (-29%) with an increase in air pressure from 138 to 207 kPa. There was a negative correlation between the amounts of metal removed (volume loss) and the hardness (r2 = 0.689) when the carbide burs were used. SIGNIFICANCE: The results of this study indicated that a free-machining titanium alloy (DT2F) exhibited better machinability compared to CP Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy when using carbide fissure burs. When machining cast CP Ti and its alloys, carbide fissure burs possessed a greater machining efficiency than the diamond points and are recommended for titanium dental prostheses.

Alloys↗
PubMed2002

Mechanical behavior at different temperatures and stresses for superelastic nickel-titanium orthodontic wires having different transformation temperatures.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties of superelastic nickel-titanium orthodontic wires under controlled stress and temperature. METHODS: Three different superelastic nickel-titanium wires were examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), three-point bending test and micro X-ray diffraction (micro-XRD). The three-point bending test was carried out at constant temperature (23, 37 and 60 degrees C) and stepwise temperature changes (37-60 degrees C and to 37 degrees C) (37-2 degrees C and to 37 degrees C). Five specimens of each wire were tested. Micro-XRD spectra were measured at the tension side of the wire when the temperature changed from 37 to 60 degrees C or 2 degrees C. RESULTS: The load during the stepwise temperature changes (37-2 degrees C and to 37 degrees C) was consistent with that measured at a corresponding constant temperature. The micro XRD spectrum clearly showed that the austenite phase was transformed to martensite phase when the temperature is decreased from 37 to 2 degrees C. In a stepwise temperature change (37-60 degrees C and to 37 degrees C), the load became higher than the original load at each corresponding constant temperature. However, there was no detectable change in the micro-XRD spectrum when the temperature was increased from 37 to 60 degrees C. SIGNIFICANCE: The superelastic nickel-titanium wires exhibited complicated and unexpected mechanical properties under stepwise temperature change. This study shows the possibility of qualitative analysis using micro-XRD to understand mechanical properties of these nickel-titanium wires.

Calorimetry, Differential Scanning↗
PubMed1999

Galvanic interaction between titanium and gallium alloy or dental amalgam.

OBJECTIVES: The objective was to examine in vitro the galvanic interaction between titanium and a high-copper dental amalgam or a gallium-based direct filling alloy at different area ratios, and to relate the observed interactions to the electrochemical characteristics of the alloys. METHODS: The tested materials were cast titanium, a single-composition, spherical high-copper amalgam, and a gallium-based direct filling alloy. Polarization curves were recorded. The galvanic couples were prepared at Ti/filling alloy ratios of 1:1, 2:1, 4:1 and 6:1. The couples were exposed to synthetic saliva at 37 degrees C and the galvanic currents and potentials were measured as a function of time. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests (p < or = 0.05). RESULTS: Freshly abraded titanium initially was anodic to both the amalgam and the gallium alloy, but the polarity reversed after a period of exposure. The galvanic potential and current density increased with the increasing Ti/alloy area ratio. The potential increase was smaller and the current increase larger for the Ga alloy than for the amalgam. The difference was consistent with the polarization characteristics. The galvanic current density was of the order of 10(-8) A/cm2 for the Ti/amalgam couple, and 10(-7) to 10(-6) A/cm2 for the Ti/gallium alloy couple. SIGNIFICANCE: The results show that the galvanic interaction between titanium and direct filling alloys is small. High copper dental amalgams should suffer little galvanic corrosion when in contact with Ti. For gallium direct filling alloys, the galvanic interaction may be more detrimental because of the inherently lower corrosion resistance.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Calcium phosphate invert glass-ceramic coatings joined by self-development of compositionally gradient layers on a titanium alloy.

A glass-ceramic layer containing beta-Ca3(PO4)2 crystals could be joined easily with a new type of titanium alloy (Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr) consisting of a beta-titanium phase by heating the metal, on which glass powders with a composition of 60CaO x 30P2O5 7Na2O x 3TiO2 were placed, at 800 degrees C in air. Measurement of tensile bonding strength revealed that the joining between the coating layer and the substrate is very strong. Even after the large deformation (e.g., approximately 90 degrees in bending angle) of the titanium alloy, the coating layer was not peeled off from the substrate. A compositionally gradient layer in the TiO2-P2O5-Na2O-CaO system is developed automatically on the titanium alloy during the heating, resulting in the formation of the strong joining. By soaking in simulated body fluid at 37 degrees C, hydroxyapatite phase was formed newly on the surface of the coating layer.

Alloys↗