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PubMedDate not supplied

[Interhemispheric asymmetry of the spatial-temporal potentials of the human cerebral cortex under various conditions of the formation of verbal conditioning].

It was shown on the basis of electrophysiological data in 60 healthy subjects that the interhemispheric brain asymmetry in the course of formation and actualization of the verbal set depends on the context of the cognitive activity. More complex cognitive activity results in a development of regional interhemispheric differences in the studied characteristics of the spatiotemporal organization of cortical potentials. These differences are most spectacular in the frontal areas of the cortex.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Determining factors of patient satisfaction for frequent users of emergency services in a medical center.

BACKGROUND: The present era of a competitive healthcare environment indicates that providers have been convinced that attentiveness to patient satisfaction is integral to care quality and market share. Patient satisfaction is especially critical for frequent users of the emergency department (ED). The aim of this study was to compare satisfaction of overall ED care between frequent and infrequent ED users, and to find out the factors determining satisfaction among the frequent ED users. METHODS: Frequent ED users (> or = 4 visits/per year) and infrequent ED users (< 4 visits/per year) were selected randomly from patients visiting the adult ED of a public tertiary medical center from October 1, 2000 to September 30, 2001. Retrospective telephone interviews were completed for 200 frequent users and 200 infrequent users. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: Infrequent ED users tended to give a higher satisfaction rating than frequent ED users to emergency care (OR = 2.14; 95% CI = 1.40-3.25). The 2 significant determinants associated with satisfaction with emergency care among frequent ED users were discharge instructions (OR = 2.78; 95% CI = 1.27-6.12) and subjective waiting time (OR = 12.6; 95% CI = 4.22-37.8). CONCLUSIONS: The frequent ED users were unique, and their satisfaction with overall emergency care was significantly lower than that of infrequent ED users. Managing waiting time perceptions and providing discharge instructions may be an effective strategy to achieve improved patient satisfaction among frequent ED users.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Exploring the role of visual perceptual grouping on the audiovisual integration of motion.

In the present study, we explored the role of visual perceptual grouping on audiovisual motion integration, using an adaptation of the crossmodal dynamic capture task developed by Soto-Faraco et al. The principles of perceptual grouping were used to vary the perceived direction (horizontal vs vertical) and extent of apparent motion within the visual modality. When the critical visual stimuli, giving rise to horizontal local motion, were embedded within a larger array of lights, giving rise to the perception of global motion vertically, the influence of visual motion information on the perception of auditory apparent motion (moving horizontally) was reduced significantly. These results highlight the need to consider intramodal perceptual grouping when investigating crossmodal perceptual grouping.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Psychophysiological diagnostics of functional states in sports medicine.

OBJECTIVES: The methods of psychological diagnostics ignored the integral criteria of functional states which are used in athletes. That is the reason why the elaboration of psychophysiological diagnostics criteria for higher qualification athletes was performed. BACKGROUND: The diagnostics of psychophysiological functions obtains information on individual and typological characteristics of higher neural system, peculiarities of forming and improvement of special experience and indicators of fatigue and hypertension of athletes. METHODS: The 26 higher qualification athletes (men), members of National team (Judo) were examined. The psychophysiological and neurodynamic functions such as functional mobility of nervous processes, strength of nervous processes, time perception, attention volume, operational thinking coefficient and short-term memory volume were registered by a computer system. The differential scale of functional states of psychophysiological functions in athletes was elaborated. RESULTS: The results of the investigation showed that 10 subjects had high parameters of functional states of psychophysiological functions and 14 have the intermediate level. The functional states of psychophysiological functions in higher qualification athletes characterize the functional system responsible for the results of sport. The optimization of the perception and information processing using the short-term memory reflects the psychophysiological compensatory mechanisms of a decline of visual perception and information processing capability in athletes. CONCLUSIONS: The psychophysiological states in higher qualification athletes are characterized by the functional system responsible for the result of sport (Tab. 7, Ref. 13).

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Strengthening nurse-family relationships in critical care.

Establishing relationships with families in critical care is an essential part of high quality care. Critical care nurse-family relationships are important to the patient and family and also benefit the nurse. Thus, nurse-family relationships should be started when families first enter the critical care environment. Cooperative and collaborative relationships require negotiation and must consider the needs of the family as well as the nurse. Barriers need to be overcome before critical care nurse-family relationships can develop. Possible barriers include limited time, perceptions that families are stressors, dysfunctional response styles, and premature judgments. Essential qualities of successful relationships include: trust, respect, empathy, warmth, sensitivity, and touching, when appropriate. Each of these qualities is dependent on the verbal and nonverbal skills of the critical care nurse. As with anything worthwhile, relationship skills take practice to develop, involving a commitment to the importance of nurse-family relationships in critical care.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1989

[The genotoxic effect of epichlorohydrin and epoxy resins].

The aim of this study is the interpretation of the available bibliography concerning the present information about the mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of epichlorohydrin and epoxy resins. An intervention study on 141 exposed workers shows the necessity of an investigation about the well-timed perception of the carcinogenic risk. The development of an electrophoretic method is recommended to detect the alkylated hemoglobin by way of the biological monitoring.

Berlin↗
PubMed1988

Quantitation of complex brain function in children: preliminary evaluation using a nonhuman primate behavioral test battery.

The performance of twenty children (3-11 years of age) in a complex operant test battery (OTB) was evaluated. The operant schedules, or tasks, used in the OTB were identical to those originally designed and currently used to assess complex brain function in nonhuman primate laboratory animals (monkeys). The OTB consisted of five operant tasks: 1) Progressive-Ratio [PR]; 2) Conditioned-Position Responding [CPR]; 3) Temporal Response Differentiation [TRD]; 4) Delayed Matching-to-Sample [DMTS] and 5) Incremental Repeated Acquisition [IRA]. These operant tasks are thought to engender responding indicative of processes associated with: 1) motivation; 2) color and position discrimination; 3) time-perception; 4) short-term memory and attention; and 5) learning, respectively. The parameters for each of the tasks in the OTB were optimized for use in the clinical setting to assess cognitive function in children. In the small population studied, performance in the IRA, DMB and TRD tasks was age related. Of the four 6-yr-olds studied, only those categorized as having either learning disabilities (LD, n = 1) or attention deficit disorders (ADD, n = 2) did not complete the "learning" task. By comparison of human and monkey performance in the OTB, we also hope to validate the use of laboratory animal models in research efforts designed to yield insight into complex human brain function. It is also hoped that assessment of children's performance in the tasks in the OTB will assist in the diagnosis and treatment of certain childhood disorders such as learning disabilities and/or attention deficit disorders.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Complex brain function in monkeys as a baseline for studying the effects of exogenous compounds.

We have examined the population characteristics of a group of 69 monkey subjects performing in a complex operant test battery designed to generate behaviors indicative of specific brain functions. These functions include learning, short-term memory and attention, time perception, position and color discrimination and motivation. Performance by a subject in one of these operant tasks is not necessarily correlated with or predictive of performance in the other tasks, indicating that the tests in the battery are monitoring the functions of different brain systems. Additionally, as demonstrated by challenging a few of the animals with intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, we have shown that the performances in the various components of the test battery are differentially sensitive to disruption by exogenous compounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Occupational medical surveillance of people with an increased risk of cancer].

There are special tasks to the industrial hygienists and physicians in the surveillance of employees exposed to carcinogenic substances by reason of the "Order of the well-timed perception of tumors". It is necessary to develop arrangements for the estimation of a general or individual cancer risk before tumor manifestation. Measure of the extent of hemoglobin adducts is considered to be the best biological monitoring.

Chemical Industry↗
PubMed1987

Spatial and temporal sequencing of signs and words by severely mentally retarded children.

The effects of manual sign or spoken word labels on the spatial or temporal ordering of sequences of stimuli by severely mentally retarded children were investigated. The stimuli were presented in a spatial array so that the spatial (left-right) order never corresponded with the temporal (first-last) order. Other researchers have suggested that sign labels would be recalled in the spatial order of presentation and word labels, in the temporal order. The results did not support this, revealing instead that subjects tended to preserve spatial order and reverse temporal order, irrespective of the modality of the stimulus label.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Contrast sensitivity of the human pattern electroretinogram.

Contrast thresholds for the pattern electroretinogram (PERG) were measured using lock-in amplifier retrieval of the retinal signal and a swept contrast display. Contrast sensitivity functions (CSF) developed from these PERG contrast thresholds were compared with those established psychophysically under identical stimulus conditions. Whereas the PERG CSF showed a band-pass characteristic across temporal frequency, the psychophysical CSF (and a temporal CSF developed from visual evoked potential contrast thresholds) had a low-pass pattern. Across spatial frequency, the PERG and psychophysical CSFs had similar shapes, although the PERG CSF peaked at a lower spatial frequency than the psychophysical CSF.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Looking out from the isolator: David's perception of the world.

David, who from September 1971 to February 1984 actively lived his life in a sterile isolator, was severely deprived of experience of the physical world. His difficulty with the concepts of space, depth, and size related clearly to his limited experience rather than to cognitive or visual-motor-perceptual deficits.

Child↗