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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Anti microbial activity of dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA): a new chelating agent.

Successful outcome of endodontic treatment depends on elimination of bacteria and their products present in the root canal. It has been reported that after careful chemicomechanical preparation, smear layer is formed on the walls of canal, which contains bacteria and their products. Chelating agents, when used during chemicomechanical preparation, remove the smear layer. DMSA--a new chelating agent, when used in root canals, removes the smear layer more than EDTA when used as irrigant in root canals. This study was conducted to determine whether DMSA has anti microbial activity and compare it with EDTA. The results show that EDTA (10% & 15%) had marked anti microbial activity, both on culture plates and in broth. DMSA (10% & 15%) did not show anti microbial activity on culture plates while in broth it had marked activity.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed2002

Mercury toxicity and antioxidants: Part 1: role of glutathione and alpha-lipoic acid in the treatment of mercury toxicity.

Mercury exposure is the second-most common cause of toxic metal poisoning. Public health concern over mercury exposure, due to contamination of fish with methylmercury and the elemental mercury content of dental amalgams, has long been a topic of political and medical debate. Although the toxicology of mercury is complex, there is evidence for antioxidant protection in the prevention of neurological and renal damage caused by mercury toxicity. Alpha-lipoic acid, a coenzyme of pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, has been used in Germany as an antioxidant and approved treatment for diabetic polyneuropathy for 40 years. Research has attempted to identify the role of antioxidants, glutathione and alpha-lipoic acid specifically, in both mitigation of heavy metal toxicity and direct chelation of heavy metals. This review of the literature will assess the role of glutathione and alpha-lipoic acid in the treatment of mercury toxicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Management of childhood lead poisoning: a survey.

Published recommendations (1985) for the management of childhood lead poisoning suggest the use of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) provocation testing and chelation as the mainstay of treatment for blood lead levels between 25 and 55 micrograms/dL. Since 1985 evidence has accumulated indicating that (1) levels of blood lead less than 25 micrograms/dL are detrimental to cognitive development, (2) EDTA provocation testing may result in potentially harmful shifts in the body lead burden, and (3) oral agents such as penicillamine and 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid are effective in reducing elevated lead levels. To determine how this evidence impacts on the management of childhood lead poisoning, the authors surveyed the lead poisoning clinics of pediatric departments in the cities estimated by the United States Public Health Service to have the largest number of children affected by lead poisoning. Thirty (70%) of 43 surveys were completed. Respondents indicated that the lowest blood lead level for which they would use a chelating agent to reduce the lead burden was as follows: 50 micrograms/dL (3%), 45 micrograms/dL (3%), 40 micrograms/dL (13%), 35 micrograms/dL (3%), 30 micrograms/dL (27%), 25 micrograms/dL (47%), and 20 micrograms/dL (3%). For all blood lead levels from 20 through 55 micrograms/dL, EDTA was the most frequently recommended chelating agent (chelation and provocation testing). Fifteen percent of responding lead clinics do not use the provocation test under any circumstances. For a child with a negative EDTA provocation test, the percentage of respondents recommending the use of any chelation therapy ranged from 16% for blood lead levels of 25 through 29 micrograms/dL to 66% for levels of 50 through 55 micrograms/dL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Chelating Agents↗
PubMed1992

Tc-99m(V) DMSA imaging. A new approach to studying metastases from breast carcinoma.

Combined Tc-99m MDP skeletal imaging and Tc-99m(V) DMSA whole body scans to detect metastases were performed during the follow-up of 30 patients who underwent surgery for breast carcinoma. Eight patients had normal Tc-99m MDP and Tc-99m(V) DMSA scans and were declared free of metastatic disease, further confirmed by no change in symptomatology over a 1-year follow-up period. Twenty-two patients had positive Tc-99m MDP scans with varied skeletal involvement. Tc-99m(V) DMSA scans showed matched areas of increased radiotracer concentration in bony metastases in 20 of these patients. Tc-99m(V) DMSA concentration was not seen in traumatic vertebral collapse or in coexistent osteoarthritic disease in vertebral metastatic involvement. Interestingly, Tc-99m(V) DMSA showed increased concentration in brain and liver metastases. Pentavalent Tc-99m(V) DMSA appears useful for detecting skeletal and soft-tissue metastases in breast carcinoma, and can improve the specificity of Tc-99m MDP bone scans in screening for bone metastases.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Determination of differential renal function using 99m Tc-DMSA scintigraphy].

By examination of 331 patients, using 99mTc-DMSA, the authors confirmed that static scintigraphy is an accurate method for assessment of the separate renal function. In four groups of patients with different positions of the kidneys the authors proved that correction for different absorption of gamma radiation from the left and right kidney is essential. Without correction results with a significant error are obtained, in particular in patients with an asymmetric position of the kidneys, where the results calculated without correction cannot be used for clinical purposes. The results are not influenced by the time interval between administration of the radiopharmaceutical preparation and examinations within an interval of 2 to 4 hours, with the exception of patients with severe obstructive uropathy. For assessment of the relative function of the kidneys it is better to examine the patient in a vertical position. The reproducibility of results in repeated examinations and repeated evaluation is excellent.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Technetium 99m pentavalent dimercaptosuccinic acid and thallium 201 in detecting recurrent medullary carcinoma of the thyroid.

To compare the effectiveness of thallium chloride 201 and technetium 99m pentavalent dimercaptosuccinic acid in evaluating medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT), eight patients with a history of MCT underwent imaging with both radiopharmaceuticals. Thallium 201 consistently gave superior images, as well as providing one less false-negative scan. Positive scans were obtained in patients with elevation of basal calcitonin levels to more than 1,000 ng/L. All of the patients with positive scans had clinical evidence of local recurrence. Improved imaging with thallium 201 was obtained by early scanning.

Calcitonin↗
PubMed1992

[Advantages of the new radiopharmaceutic agent, 99mTC-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (99mTc-MAG3), in the diagnosis of kidneydiseases. A comparative study with 131I-OIH, 99mTc-DTPA and 99mTc-DMSA].

The properties of 99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3), a new radiopharmaceutic for dynamic renal scintigraphy, were assessed in a series of 138 patients with different diseases of the uropoietic system. The physiological values of renographic curves were determined as well as the characteristics of MAG3 excretion, which closely resembled the values for 131I-OIH. On comparing the values of separate MAG3 clearance with standard radiopharmaceutics in 26 subjects examined, very good correlation coefficients (r) were obtained: 0.98, 0.96, and 0.92 for 131I-OIH, 99mTc-DMSA, and 99mTc-DTPA, respectively. Global MAG3 clearance reached 0.64 of the OIH value. The higher quality of scinfigraphic imaging than seen with the substances used so far, the favorable pharmacokinetic properties and the low radiation load (H(E) = 0.51 mSv in adults) of MAG3 determine the indication spheres in which it can best be used to advantage. Of the radiopharmaceutics used to date, MAG3 yields the best results. It can well substitute 123I-OIH, which is not readily available in our conditions, and can thus be expected to be widely used in clinical practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Study of activated oxygen production by some thiols using chemiluminescence.

2-3-dimercapto-1-propane sulfonic acid, D-penicillamine and meso-dimercapto succinic acid, drugs widely applied as antidota against metal poisoning, and cysteine and glutathione were studied with respect to their ability to generate and to scavenge superoxide anion radical. Superoxide production and scavenging were tested by means of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. In presence of 1 mumol/l ADP-Fe3+ only cysteine and meso-dimercapto succinic acid induced chemiluminescence which could be inhibited by superoxide dismutase. 2,3-dimercapto-1-propane sulfonic acid, D-penicillamine and glutathione acted as O2- scavengers. These thiols inhibited O2(-)-dependent lipid peroxidation thus acting as antioxidants, whereas cysteine and meso-dimercapto succinic acid accelerated peroxidation. It is suggested that the toxic side effects of thiols may be due to their ability to generate or to scavenge free radicals.

Cysteine↗
PubMed1992

Plain radiography, renography, and 99mTc-DMSA renal scintigraphy before and after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for urolithiasis.

Eighteen patients were evaluated before and 5 weeks after the first treatment with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) using abdominal plain radiography, 131I-hippuran probe renography, and 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy. In 6 patients no urolithiasis was present on the post ESWL plain radiograph, in 7 the size had decreased, and in 5 the stone mass was unchanged. The renograms were within normal range in the 6 patients who were cured by ESWL, whereas this was the case for only 4 of the 12 who still had renal calculi. In 2 patients pelvic stones had descended into the ureter after ESWL, and the renograms indicated obstruction. Another 3 patients had ureteral stones, whereas in the remaining 7 patients only pelvic stones were found on the plain radiographs. In no patient did the scintigrams reveal scars. It is concluded that abdominal plain radiography of the urinary tract and probe renography are complementary and sufficient in the monitoring of patients with urolithiasis post ESWL.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Can technetium-99m-mercaptoacetyltriglycine replace technetium-99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid in the exclusion of a focal renal defect?

The presence of focal renal damage dictates different management of a child with urinary tract infection (UTI) compared with children who have normal kidneys. Technetium-99m-dimercaptosuccinic (DMSA) has a high sensitivity in the detection of a focal defect, and allows estimation of differential function. The introduction of 99mTc-MAG3 with high renal extraction suggests that this may be useful in children with UTI but its role remains speculative. Fifty-nine children with previous UTI underwent both 99mTc-DMSA and MAG3 within 4 wk of each other. Differential function and assessment of the images were undertaken. There is close correlation (R2 = 0.97) between the differential function. Analysis of the 99mTc-DMSA and functional MAG3 images showed that the functional image had a specificity of 88% and a sensitivity of 88% in the detection of a focal parenchymal defect. Technetium-99m-MAG3 in the clinical setting of a child with UTl allows accurate assessment of differential function and a high probability of detecting a focal renal abnormality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Scintigraphic imaging of head and neck cancers with 99m technetium (v) dimercaptosuccinic acid. A prospective clinical study].

In patients with cervical metastases conventional examination by ultrasound, CT or MRI imaging often fails to identify an unknown primary tumor. Also the retrieval of a recurrent malignancy may be difficult. Scintigraphy, utilizing technetium-99m (v) dimercaptosuccinic acid was chosen for a prospective study in 17 patients to evaluate its properties for imaging metastasizing squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Scintigraphic findings were correlated with the results of clinical examination and conventional imaging techniques. In all cases the primary tumor revealed good uptake of 99mTc(v)DMSA. Manifest cervical metastases could only be imaged in some cases. In future, therefore, 99mTc(v)DMSA scanning may be used for the detection of unknown primary tumors. However, it does not appear helpful in the evaluation of cervical nodes.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗