Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Splenic Infarction”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Spontaneous splenic rupture associated with thrombolytic therapy and/or concomitant heparin anticoagulation.

Two cases of spontaneous splenic rupture in connection with thrombolytic therapy and concomitant heparin anticoagulation are reported. One patient was being treated for peripheral arterial graft occlusion using intraarterial urokinase, the other received intravenous infusion of streptokinase for acute myocardial infarction. Neither patient had a condition predisposing to splenic rupture. Although rare, previous reports of spontaneous splenic rupture associated with thrombolytic therapy and/or anticoagulation have been reported. Splenic rupture as a complication of thrombolytic therapy and/or anticoagulation should be considered when unexplained abdominal symptoms, hypotension, or blood loss is encountered.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

The presentation, management and prevention of crisis in sickle cell disease in Africa.

About 120,000 infants are born each year with sickle cell disease (SCD) in Africa. The majority have Hb SS, but Hb SC and Hb S/beta+ thalassaemia are common in west Africa. The development of Plasmodium falciparum and P. malariae is partially inhibited in the Hb SS red cells, but malaria precipitates both haemolytic and infarctive crises, and is the commonest and most important cause of morbidity and mortality. The pneumococcus is likely to be the second major infectious cause of sickness and death. In one rural community, there were less than 2% of the expected number of subjects with SCD surviving beyond 5 years of age. Genetic factors improving prognosis include (1) the Senegal beta chain haplotype, which is linked to a high level of Hb F, and (2) alpha+ thalassaemia. Of environmental factors improving prognosis, the family is of first importance. The commonest age of presentation is 1-3 years. Children present with anaemic crises (malaria, splenic sequestration, folate deficiency, and possibly aplastic), infarctive crises (hand-foot syndrome, bone-pain, pulmonary and abdominal) or acute infections (malaria, pneumonia, septicaemia, meningitis, osteomyelitis). Tragically, many patients in central Africa have been infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through blood transfusions; they present with generalised lymphadenopathy and other features of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The principles of management are (1) to ensure freedom from malaria, (2) to continue folic acid supplements, (3) to give blood transfusions only when anaemia endangers life, (4) to control pain, (5) to restore hydration, and (6) to prescribe broad spectrum antibiotics in large dosage and without delay, but only when there are definite indications, such as fever (greater than 39 degrees C), acute pulmonary disease, meningitis, and acute osteomyelitis. The advent of HIV and AIDS makes the control of SCD of even greater importance. Principles of control are (1) early diagnosis through appropriate laboratory techniques and selective screening, (2) education of parents, patients, health professionals and public, and (3) the maintenance of health at sickle cell clinics; measures must include antimalarial prophylaxis. SCD programmes should be integrated with primary health care and AIDS control programmes.

Africa↗
PubMed2000

Sonographically guided core-needle biopsy of focal splenic lesions: report of four cases.

There are few published reports about the use of splenic needle biopsies in the investigation of focal splenic lesions. We report our experience with sonographically guided core-needle biopsies of splenic lesions in 4 patients. The biopsies resulted in the following diagnoses: sarcoidosis, malignant lymphoma, infarction, and scar tissue. Surgery was avoided in the 3 patients diagnosed with sarcoidosis, infarction, and scar tissue by ruling out the possibility of a malignant splenic tumor. None of the patients experienced significant complications. We conclude that splenic core-needle biopsy is a useful and safe diagnostic tool for the evaluation of focal splenic lesions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Selective arterial infusion of vasoconstrictors for control of traumatic splenic hemorrhage.

The spleen of each of 20 mongrel dogs was traumatized by creating a wedge laceration, and selective arterial infusion was then performed with vasopressin in four dogs, pituitrin in eight, and epinephrine in eight. Infusion therapy with vasoconstrictors controlled the splenic hemorrhage in 19 of 20 dogs. The 15 dogs surviving the experimental period of four to eight weeks showed well-healed scars at the sites of lacerations. Three dogs had small contracted spleens as a result of massive infarction. The results of this experiment indicate that splenic hemorrhage in the experimental dogs can be controlled by selective infusion of pituitrin or vasopressin, but is more effectively controlled with epinephrine.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Gaucher's disease involving the spleen.

Gaucher's disease is a rare inherited disorder that results from progressive accumulation of glucocerebrosides within the reticuloendothelial system and affects the liver, the spleen, the bone marrow and the lymph nodes. Ultrasonography of the spleen typically demonstrates hypoechoic focal masses; however, the lesions may be hyperechoic if they contain extensive fibrosis or infarction. The authors describe a young Ashkenazi man who presented with splenomegaly as the single clinical manifestation and in whom were found splenic masses of mixed echogenicity, none of which demonstrated fibrosis or infarction when studied pathologically.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Experimental infection of goats, sheep and calves with the large colony type of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides.

Goats, sheep and calves were inoculated intravenously with strain Y3343 of the large colony type of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides isolated from a goat with polyarthritis. The goats and sheep died of septicemia (one was killed in extremis) within eight days. The goats had leukopenia and granulocytopenia. Coagulopathy was indicated in some goats; the fibrinogen titer, prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times increased with the progress of disease and the number of platelets decreased dramatically in one goat. Goats and sheep had cellulitis at the site of inoculation, pleural hemorrhages, pneumonia, myocarditis, renal infarcts, glomerulitis, adrenal cortical necrosis, enteritis, focal splenic necrosis, polyarthritis and lymphadenitis. Vasculitis and thrombi were seen occasionally, suggesting that vascular changes, perhaps together with coagulopathy, had a role in pathogenesis. One of two experimental calves developed a slight fever, arthritis and minor inflammation of adrenal tissue. Calves seen less susceptible to the mycoplasma organism given intravenously than do goats or sheep.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

The dramatic presentation of colonic lipomata: report of two cases and review of the literature.

Colonic lipoma with a dramatic presentation requiring urgent operation is a rare occurrence. We report two such cases in conjunction with a review of the literature on colonic lipomata. Clinicopathologic features of two patients who required urgent resection were studied. The preoperative diagnosis of colonic lipoma was suggested on imaging study in one case. A MEDLINE search was conducted with a special goal of revealing cases with a dramatic presentation. One patient presented with rectal bleeding and intussusception related to a partially infarcted 4.5-cm submucosal lipoma of the lower descending colon. The second patient presented with intestinal obstruction related to a near-totally infarcted 6-cm submucosal lipoma at the splenic flexure. In both cases a florid reactive vascular and fibro-/myofibroblastic proliferation and associated hyperplastic mucosal pattern were present at the base and edge of the lipoma. Among 275 previously reported cases of colonic lipoma 28 patients had a dramatic presentation with pain and/or rectal bleeding being the most significant prodromal symptom. In this subset the lipomas tended to be larger, frequently had associated marked necrosis/ulceration, and were less likely to be located in the ascending colon/cecum. Whereas colonic lipomas are relatively common occasional cases present dramatically with massive bleeding, intussusception, or even perforation for which emergency operation is required. Such lipomas usually reveal marked ischemic changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Granulomatous coronary arteritis (Takayasu's disease).

The pathologic findings in two patients who died of nonspecific, granulomatous, coronary arteritis (Takayasu's disease) were studied. In one patient, the disease involved the aortic base, with extension into the aortic valve, coronary arteries, and interventricular septum, causing sudden death. Segmental involvement of the abdominal aorta produced an aneurysm. The other patient showed proximal coronary-artery involvement, with severe stenosis and resulting acute myocardial infarction. Newly developed lesions were found in the splenic and renal arteries. The aortic arch was not involved in either patient.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Selective arterial embolization for the control of traumatic splenic bleeding.

Artificial splenic trauma was created and treated with embolic material injected selectively into the splenic artery in 10 dogs. The bleeding was controlled by the original or a repeat embolization within the first 3 hours in all dogs. Seven dogs survived for 2 months. On angiograms performed prior to sacrifice, the arteries supplying the infarcted section of the spleen were again patent. Although both the arterial branches and the amount of splenic parenchyma in the area of infarction were smaller, the area of artificial trauma could not otherwise be identified. The histologic examination of the area of injury indicated healing of the injury and resolution of the infarct. The results of the study would indicate that selective embolization is a feasible method of controlling bleeding from splenic injury. Although embolism would not replace splenectomy as the generally used method, it could be used in patients who were not otherwise candidates for operative splenectomy.

Aminocaproates↗
PubMed1987

[Ultrasonic study of the liver, spleen and their large veins in patients with chronic post-infarct aneurysm of the left ventricle].

Computerized echotomography demonstrated abnormal structure or size of the liver, the spleen or major hepatic and splenic veins in all patients with left ventricular chronic postinfarction aneurysm. Notably, congestion of the greater circulation can be detected instrumentally at a preclinical level. Flow impairment in the vena cava inferior affects acoustic properties of blood which can be detected by ultrasound.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2003

[Accessory spleen in the pancreatic tail -- a neglected entity? A contribution to embryology, topography and pathology of ectopic splenic tissue].

According to autoptic studies, accessory spleens may be found in 10% to 15% of the population, in 1% to 2% they are located in the pancreatic tail. They thus have to be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of intra- and peripancreatic tumorous lesions. After splenorenal fusion, they can be found pararenally and retroperitoneally, and after splenogonadal fusion they can descend into the pelvis or scrotum. Since they usually are asymptomatic, they are mostly discovered accidentally. The diagnosis is ascertained by a scintigram with technetium-99-marked, heat-damaged red blood cells. If resection is necessary, the organ adherent to the encapsulated accessory spleen should be preserved. By means of three case reports (intrapancreatic accessory spleen, retroperitoneal accessory spleen and torsion-infarcted wandering spleen), the surgical relevance of ectopic splenic tissue is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Myxoma masquerading as polyarteritis nodosa.

A patient who presented with multisystemic symptoms is described. A diagnosis of polyarteritis nodosa was made after arteriographic demonstration of multiple aneurysms in the mesenteric and splenic circulations. The occurrence of a 2nd myocardial infarction in the absence of markers of activity of polyarteritis nodosa led to coronary arteriography which demonstrated a large left atrial myxoma confirmed by echocardiography. Surgical removal of the myxoma was followed by resolution of most of his symptoms and serves to point out the mimicking of a generalized vasculitis by cardiac myxoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Spontaneous splenic rupture in polyarteritis nodosa.

A 28 year old man presented with haematuria and renal failure. Renal arteriography revealed bleeding into the pelvis of a solitary right kidney from a hilar artery. Multiple aneurysms were noted in the splenic artery. The spleen subsequently ruptured spontaneously and was removed at laparotomy together with the right kidney. Histological examination of the spleen and kidney revealed an acute necrotizing vasculitis involving medium-sized and smaller arteries confirming a diagnosis of polyarteritis nodosa. An area of infarction involved a subcapsular area of the spleen. Spontaneous splenic rupture is a rare but important complication of systemic vasculitides.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Experimental study on the feasibility and safety of radiofrequency ablation for secondary splenomagely and hypersplenism.

AIM: To assess the feasibility and safety of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in treatment of secondary splenomagely and hypersplenism. METHODS: Sixteen healthy mongrel dogs were randomly divided into two groups, group I (n=4) and group II (n=12). Congestive splenomegaly was induced by ligation of splenic vein and its collateral branches in both groups. At the end of 3rd week postoperation, RFA in spleen was performed in group II via laparotomy, complications of RFA were observed, CT scan was performed and the spleens were obtained. The radiofrequency (RF) thermal lesions and histopathology of spleen were examined regularly. RESULTS: No complication or death was observed in both groups; CT revealed that the splenomegaly lasted over 2 months after ligation of splenic vein; the segmental RF lesions included hyperintense zone of coagulative necrosis and more extensive peripheral hypointense infarcted zone, the latter was called "bystander effect". The infarcted zone would be absorbed and subsequently disappeared in 4-6 weeks after RFA accompanied with shrinkage of the remnant spleen. The fundamental histopathological changes of splenic lesions caused by RF thermal energy included local coagulative necrosis, peripheral thrombotic infarction zone, subsequent tissue absorption and fibrosis in the zone of thrombotic infarction, the occlusion of vessels in remnant viable spleen, deposition of extensive fibrous protein, and disappearance of congestive splenic sinusoid - "splenic carnification". Those pathologic changes were underline of shrinkage of spleen. CONCLUSION: It is feasible and safe to perform RFA in spleen to treat experimental splenomegaly and hypersplenism. The RFA could be safely performed clinically via laparotomy or laparoscopic procedure while spleen was strictly separated from surrounding organs.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Splenic regeneration and blood flow after ligation of the splenic artery or partial splenectomy.

In normal, young miniature piglets, either the major arteries and the veins were ligated or three quarters of the spleen was resected using three different techniques. These techniques served as an animal model for splenic salvage in human subjects. After arterial ligation, no signs of infarction could be seen 1 and 4 weeks later, and after 6 months, normal sized spleens with enlarged vessels in the gastrolienal ligaments were found. When the splenic remnant was left at the main vessels, no obvious growth could be demonstrated after 6 months. The splenic tissue left at the smaller vessels, however, increased in size. Measurements of splenic blood flow in unanesthetized piglets 6 months after operation resulted in greater differences in perfusion per gram among the experimental groups. Not only splenic mass, but also blood flow to the whole splenic tissue seems to be an important factor in the protective function of the spleen.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The diagnosis and management of splenic artery aneurysms.

The presentation and course of 7 patients with splenic artery aneurysms is reviewed. Three presented with abdominal pain, 2 with collapse and rupture and in 2 it was an incidental finding. Four patients had elective ligation-excision of the aneurysm with splenectomy as had one patient operated on as an emergency, with no operative mortality. The aneurysm size ranged from 20 to 45 mm (mean 30 mm) and histology confirmed atheroma. One patient was managed as a myocardial infarct for 8 hours after admission and a ruptured splenic aneurysm was diagnosed at autopsy, an overall mortality of 14%. A 66-year-old woman in poor general health was managed expectantly and was asymptomatic when lost to follow-up after 2 years.

Adult↗