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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Correlation of human sperm motility characteristics with an in vitro cervical mucus penetration test.

Semen analysis was performed on 226 ejaculates by an integrated microcomputerized system employing the multiple-exposure photography (MEP) method. Mucus penetration tests were performed in vitro using commercial preparations of bovine cervical mucus. A highly significant (P less than 0.001) correlation between mucus penetration distance and sperm count (r = 0.582), motility (r = 0.357), velocity (r = 0.569), motile density (r = 0.582), motility index (r = 0.467), and morphology (r = 0.383) was observed. Increased percentages of immature germ cells (r = -0.318) and bent-tailed sperm (r = -0.221) were the most strongly correlated with mucus penetration. Approximately 10% to 15% of patients with otherwise normal semen parameters displayed poor penetration of mucus. Conversely, 5% to 40% of patients with abnormal semen parameters displayed excellent penetration of the mucus. Motile density and velocity demonstrated the strongest relationship with the outcome of the mucus penetration test. These results suggest that a significant subpopulation of patients can be identified as having inadequate (or adequate) penetration of mucus with otherwise normal (or abnormal) motility characteristics.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effect of two phosphodiesterase inhibitors, cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate, and a beta-blocking agent on human sperm motility.

Mann-fructose fluid (MF), and MF plus caffeine, MF plus pentoxifylline, MF (dibutyryl cAMP), MF plus propranolol, and MF plus propranolol plus dibutyryl cAMP were individually added to aliquots of semen samples obtained from 18 normal men. These drugs were added to a final concentration of 0.6 mM. One aliquot with no addition served as control. Samples were incubated at 37 degrees C and observed by light microscopy at 30 minutes and at 1,2, and 4 hours after obtained the material. At each observation time, semen quality was evaluated by determinating the percentages of forwardly progresssive spermatozoa, slowly progressive spermatozoa, "in situ" motile spermatozoa, live and nonmotile spermatozoa, and dead spermatozoa. Mann-fructose fluid resulted in a decrease in motility and the duration of activity of spermatozoa, Caffeine seemed to neutralize the deleterus effect on the buffer, whereas pentoxifylline and cAMP seemed to increase the duration of activity of spermatozoa. Propranolol resulted in a dramatic decrease in motility, an effect that could not be neutralized by the simultaneous addition of cAMP.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Prostacyclin enhances embryo hatching but not sperm motility.

BACKGROUND: Recently we discovered that the human oviduct synthesizes abundant prostacyclin (PGI(2)). Gene knock-out studies suggest that PGI(2) is essential to endometrial decidualization, but the effects of PGI(2) on sperm and embryos have not been reported. METHODS: The effects of PGI(2) on human sperm were analysed by a computer-assisted semen analysis system. The effects of PGI(2) on mouse embryos were examined based on the rates of complete hatching. The expression of PGI(2) receptor (IP) was evaluated by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. The binding of PGI(2) to embryos was confirmed by radioligand binding assay. Finally, cAMP levels were assessed in PGI(2)-challenged embryos. RESULTS: Iloprost (a stable PGI(2) analogue) did not affect the motility or the overnight survivability of human sperm. Western blot analysis did not detect IP in the sperm plasma membrane. In contrast, the hatching of mouse embryos was enhanced by iloprost (ED(50) 6.7 nmol/l). Exposure to iloprost during 8-cell to morulae or morulae to early blastocyst stages was critical to enhanced hatching. This coincided with the developmental stage-specific expression of IP. Although iloprost bound to blastocysts, it did not significantly increase cAMP. CONCLUSION: PGI(2) enhanced the hatching of mouse embryos but not the motility of human sperm.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Maintenance of human sperm motility and prevention of oxidative damage through co-culture incubation.

Co-culture incubation is one of the important techniques used in basic and clinical research of assisted reproduction. In this study, sperm samples from 40 healthy donors were prepared for co-culture incubation with Vero cells which had been derived from the kidney fibroblasts of the African green monkey, Cercopithecus aethiops. We found that the motility characteristics of ejaculated human sperm co-cultured with Vero cells were largely maintained and the percentage of hyperactivated sperm in the co-culture group was not affected. While the sperm of the control group completely lost the motility at 12 h incubation at 37 degrees C in 5% CO2, the sperm co-cultured with Vero cells still maintained 74% of the original motility. Lipid peroxidation and accumulation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in spermatozoa were also reduced by the co-culture incubation, which strongly indicates that intercellular interactions may play some role in the maintenance of sperm functions. We conclude that the oxidative damage in vitro of the sperm can be reduced by the co-culture system and thereby maintains the function of sperm from oxidative damage.

8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) and triphosphate (Ap3A) signaling of human sperm motility.

The ubiquitous dinucleotide polyphosphate, diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A), has been shown to be a signal molecule for DNA replication in mammalian cells. In this study, Ap4A and a related compound, diadenosine triphosphate (Ap3A), were tested for possible signaling functions in human spermatozoa. A computerized automated semen analyzer was used to detect changes in spermatozoa motility parameters. Cryopreserved-thawed donor spermatozoa were washed and incubated in 0.1 mM Ap4A, 0.1 mM Ap3A, or control medium. The data indicated that both Ap4A and Ap3A decreased the percentage of motile spermatozoa after 4 or more hours of incubation in vitro. The two dinucleotide polyphosphates caused an increase in the amplitude of lateral spermatozoa head displacement parameter only at the start of incubation. The other spermatozoa kinematic parameters were unaffected. No opposing ying-yang dual actions of Ap4A to Ap3A were seen. From the results, Ap4A and Ap3A were observed to be potential inhibitory signals of spermatozoa motility after prolonged exposure.

Dinucleoside Phosphates↗
PubMed1989

Molecular mechanisms of gossypol action on sperm motility.

1. Gossypol acetic acid inhibits collective motility of ejaculated ram spermatozoa. 2. Oxygen consumption was stimulated at low gossypol concentrations and inhibited as the concentrations are increased. 3. Gossypol inhibits respiration of permeabilized spermatozoa supported by durohydroquinome, which indicates a direct inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport chain. 4. The rapid reduction of mitochondrial dependent motility, high uncoupling effect and almost complete inhibition of mitochondrial calcium accumulation, indicate that gossypol inhibits motility in a mechanism by which mitochondrial uncoupling is involved.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of post-thaw sperm motility after freezing in liquid nitrogen with protective media of either glycerol or glycerol-egg-yolk-citrate.

Thirty semen samples with a mean prefreezing motility of 70.4% were frozen for 1 month in liquid nitrogen by means of a modified Barkay's method and with either glycerol or glycerol-egg-yolk-citrate (GEYC) as protective media. The post-thaw motility was found to be 37.9% and 30.7% and cryosurvival rate (CSR) was 54.6% and 44.4%, respectively--the difference being significant (P less than 0.05). When samples achieving at least 40% of post-thaw-motility (PTM) in either medium were selected, the mean prefreezing motility increased to a 71.6%, and the PTM and the average CSR were 44.1% and 62.2% and 35.5% and 50%, respectively, when either glycerol or GEYC was used. It appears that glycerol alone is superior to a mixture of GEYC for cryo-preservation of sperm if the technique mentioned above is used and PTM is a criterion for sperm quality.

Citrates↗
PubMed1979

The estimation of sperm motility in semen, on a membrane slide, by measuring the area change frequency with an image analysing computer.

A simple slide is described in which the base is a permeable membrane so that a suspension of spermatozoa (or other cells) may be examined under controlled conditions with a microscope. An objective method of assessing the motility of spermatozoa in undiluted or diluted semen from a wide variety of species including cattle, horse, pig, rabbit, rat and sheep is described. It is shown to be well correlated with other methods of assessing motility and also with the non-return rate obtained with frozen cattle semen.

Animals↗