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PubMed1990

[Secular acceleration and the electrocardiography in childhood and adolescence].

As a consequence of advanced growth episondes and an increase in the final height of adolescents, resulting in changes in the cardiovascular system, an "acceleration" of electrocardiographic parameters and special morphological features of the ECG can be observed. The trend towards a closer relation between ECG parameters and body height than age, as seen in our probands as well as in the literature, reflects the influence of acceleration on the electrocardiogram.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Secular trend of body height and "acceleration" or fluctuation in growth in height in child development--on questions of methodology in relation to pre-historical skeletal remains].

The possibility of obtaining information on growth and development from prehistoric and early historic skeletal remains of children and juveniles is discussed. Beside simple measurements of length there are some new methods of assessment, e.g. control of "Harris' lines", thickness of bone corticalis including cremated bones, diameters of neural canal and vertebral body height. Estimation of age based on dentition must be presumed in every case. Results show oscillations rather than a linear or curved trend in only on direction. The phenomenon of acceleration can also not be seen as a return to earlier phases of mankind.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1987). III. Secular changes in susceptibility].

Sensitivity spectra of major species of bacteria (namely Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) which were among the clinical isolates mentioned in the first and second reports to various antibacterial and antibiotic agents and time courses of the spectra are reported below. 1. E. coli was sensitive to cefmenoxime (CMX), latamoxef (LMOX), ceftazidime (CAZ), cefzonam (CZON) and flomoxef (FMOX) which are third generation cephems, carumonam (CRMN) which is a monobactam, imipenem (IPM) which is a carbapenem, ofloxacin (OFLX) and ciprofloxacin (CPFX) which are new quinolones. Compared to the preceding 5-year period, sensitivities to most drugs have increased. 2. Klebsiella spp. were sensitive to CMX, CZON and FMOX which are third generation cephem antibiotics, CRMN which is a monobactam and gentamicin (GM) and arbekacin (HBK) which are aminoglycosides. Compared to the preceding 5-year period, the sensitivity on the whole has increased slightly. 3. Proteus spp. were sensitive to CMX, LMOX, CAZ and CZON which are third generation cephems, CRMN, a monobactam and OFLX and CPFX which are new quinolones. Compared to the preceding 5-year period, increased sensitivities, particularly to parenteral cephems, were found. 4. Citrobacter spp. were sensitive to CPFX which is a new quinolone antibiotic and CRMN, a monobactam. Compared to the preceding 5-year period, the sensitivity as a whole increased but there were still strains against which cefotiam, cefmetazole and, cefoperazone (CPZ) showed high MIC values. 5. Enterobacter spp. were sensitive to OFLX and CPFX, which are new quinolones, IPM, a carbapenem, and GM and HBK which are aminoglycosides. Compared to other bacteria, bacteria of this group were less sensitive to CPZ, CAZ, CZON, and FMOX which are third generation cephems. Compared to the preceding 5-year period, slight increases in sensitivity were found in cases of simple urinary tract infections. 6. S. marcescens as a whole was not very sensitive to antibiotics tested. Compared to the preceding 5-year period, sensitivities to CRMN and minocycline improved slightly. 7. P. aeruginosa was not very sensitive to any drug, as other bacteria were. Compared to the preceding 5-year period, sensitivities to new quinolones OFLX and CPFX and carbapenem IPM decreased slightly.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1990

Secular trends in incidence of childhood IDDM in 10 countries. Diabetes Epidemiology Research International Group.

Standardized childhood insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) incidence data were collected from 21 ethnic groups in 10 countries to evaluate temporal trends in the disease between 1966 and 1986. Population-based registries contributed information concerning periods from 6 to 21 yr. The incidence rates were modeled with Poisson regression. For the past 2 decades, a linear increase in IDDM risk for people less than 15 yr of age has been observed in most of Europe and the Western Pacific but not in North America. The temporal variation did not appear to differ significantly by age or sex in most locations. The observed pattern of temporal variation suggests that a proportion of diabetes in childhood may be caused by a potentially preventable environmental factor.

Canada↗