Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Sebum”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Management of acne vulgaris.

Acne vulgaris can affect both adolescents and adults. The pathogenesis of acne is multifactorial and involves overproduction of sebum, an abnormal follicular keratinization process, proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes, and hormonal and immunologic factors. Clinical manifestations of acne range from noninflammatory comedones to inflammatory papules, pustules and cysts. Current therapy allows the physician to select a variety of topical and/or systemic antibiotics, retinoids, and hormone agents aimed at specific pathogenic factors. Most treatment regimens require several weeks of consistent use to be effective. Sound patient education, a strong therapeutic alliance and modification of lifestyle factors are powerful adjuncts to medical management.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1994

Sieve-like areas in mature cystic teratomas of the ovary. A histochemical and immunohistochemical study of 7 cases.

The authors describe histologic and immunohistologic features of seven cases of ovarian mature teratomas showing multiple cysts, optically empty, in their walls. These cysts have been detected in 7 out of 31 cases of ovarian teratomas observed from 1985 to 1991 (incidence rate 22%); they measured from less than 0.1 mm up to 5 mm in their largest size, and were lined by flattened cuboidal cell, histiocytes and multinucleate foreign body-type giant cells. Masson trichrome stain revealed a fibrous framework around them. Immunohistochemical stains provided evidence of both macrophagic and endothelial nature of the lining cells of the cysts because of their cytoplasmic positivity for KP1, KIM 6 and, though focally, for FVIII-related antigen. Ovarian teratomas exhibiting such aspects, defined as pneumatosis cystoides-like appearances or multicystic structures, have been previously described. These peculiar morphologic finding are reported in gynecological literature under the heading of sieve-like areas but, generally, little information about the mechanisms of their constitution is available. Etiopathogenic hypotheses are hereafter considered and discussed. The present findings suggest that these multicystic spaces may be the result of a granulomatous lipophagic reaction due to extravasated material (such as lipids or sebum) and/or of a dilatation of lymphatics vessels.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of levonorgestrel action on the flank organ and the sebaceous gland lipogenesis of female hamsters.

The role of testosterone and levonorgestrel action on the flank organ by measuring sebaceous gland lipogenesis of female hamsters by the metabolic incorporation of 14C-glucose were investigated. Also, a partial characterization of the radiolabeled lipid fraction was obtained. The effects of in vivo steroids administration were evaluated by 14C-U-glucose metabolic incorporation into lipids by the female hamster flank organs in culture conditions, in the presence or absence of LNG and/or T in the incubation medium. The radioactive lipids were identified by thin layer chromatography. Levonorgestrel alone or together with testosterone on female hamster flank organs decreased the organ weight and sebum content compared with T-treatment alone. In culture conditions, a rapid and significant increase of radiolabeled glucose was observed with T. By contrast when LNG was present in the incubation medium, no differences in 14C-U-glucose incorporation were observed when compared with their controls. When T+LNG were added, a similar result to the obtained when using LNG alone was determined. Testosterone increased glycerides and free fatty acids but decreased polar lipids; whereas LNG did not have any effect in the relative proportions of 14C-U-glucose incorporated into the different classes of lipids, when it was compared with their controls. The results indicated that LNG abolished the increasing effect of 14C glucose incorporation caused by T and changed the lipid composition induced on female hamsters flank organs.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Seborrhea and its complications].

Seborrhoea is an excessive secretion by the sebaceous glands of sebum on the surface of the epidermis. It is strongly androgen-dependent and reaches its peak between the ages of 12 to 25 years, but it may also be encountered in infants in the first week of life. It is also influenced by other hormones, environmental factors and neurological diseases. In many cases seborrhoea is physiological and moderate, needing only an appropriate cosmetological advice, but it has a wide range of severity, including more pronounced and unsightly forms complicated with acne or seborrhoeic dermatitis which require a dermatological treatment, an appropriate contraception in women, or even antiandrogens, such as cyproterone acetate. Isotretinoin is exceptionally prescribed for isolated seborrhoea and must be reserved for severe acne.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Acne: physiopathology and clinical aspects].

Acne is easy to diagnose, but its physiopathology is complex and not yet fully elucidated. However, the three factors that are necessary to the genesis of acne are well defined, being seborrhoea, obstruction of the hair follicle and the sebaceous gland, and inflammation of the follicle. To this must be added a genetic predisposition. While the skin lesions leave little doubt about the diagnosis, a thorough examination is needed to evaluate the part due to sebum retention (comedos, microcysts) and that due to inflammatory elements (papules, pustules, nodules), for the lesions are so polymorphous that it would be better to speak of acnes rather than acne. A good knowledge of clinical and physiopathological data leads to the appropriate treatment, since almost all therapeutic failures result from a misappreciation of acne.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1994

[State of the art on allergy to the cat: a review of the literature].

There are now seven cat allergens. The major, Feld is present in squames, skin and urine, but not in serum albumin. Recent studies have shown that its base is in sebum. It can float in the atmosphere on very small, light particles indefinitely and is deposited on clothes, curtains and carpets in considerable amounts. Immunotherapy, often the cause of collateral accidents, in the best cases only gives a transitory reduction of conjunctival and pituitary sensitisation. It has no proven activity in asthma and the biological data do not change logically during treatment. Prevention consists of total exclusion, which is very difficult to effect.

Allergens↗
PubMed1993

Carbohydrate histochemistry of skin glands in the Turkish Angora goat.

The skin glands of the general body surface of the Turkish Angora goat were studied by means of selected carbohydrate histochemical methods, in particular several PO-lectin procedures. Both gland types exhibited intensive secretion production, irrespective of season and body region. The different histochemical staining procedures demonstrated that glycoconjugates, especially neutral glycoproteins are present in the secretory cells and secretion products of the apocrine glands. The peroxidase (PO)-lectin-procedures indicated the following saccharide residues: alpha-D-mannose, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine, alpha-D-glucose, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, beta-D-galactose, alpha-D-galactose, and alpha-fucose, including small amounts of N-acetylneuraminic acid and N-glycolylneuraminic acid. Relatively large amounts of glycoconjugates, probably also glycolipids, were found in the peripheral cells and the sebum of the sebaceous glands, exhibiting the following saccharide residues: N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, alpha-fucose, N-acetylneuraminic acid and N-glycolylneuraminic acid. The results obtained are discussed as related to findings from corresponding studies in other mammalian species. The secretory substances present obviously create a clearly alkaline pH milieu within the fleece of the Angora goat. Such conditions are also known to exist, for example, in the Merino sheep fleece.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Recommendations for treatment of acne vulgaris].

Acne vulgaris is by far the most prevalent of adolescent skin disease, involving 60-80% of the teenage population. By androgen-stimulation the production of sebum is increased and by hyperkeratinisation the canal of the pilosebaceous follicle will be closed, thereby causing formation of comedones. These will get infected with Propionibacterium acnes. The treatment of acne vulgaris therefore consists in 4 steps: sebosuppression (with Benzoylperoxid), keratolysis (with Vitamin A-acid and Azelainacid), bakteriostasis and stopping inflammation (with antibiotics). A mild cure of the affected skin is necessary too.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1993

Acne and related disorders.

Acne vulgaris is the clinical expression of inflammation of the pilosebaceous unit. Factors known to predispose to the development of acne include increased sebum, which is acted on by Propionobacterium acnes to generate inflammatory substances, and retention hyperkeratosis, which causes obstruction of the sebaceous follicle. Therapeutic modalities for acne include topical and systemic antibiotics, comedolytic agents (such as benzoyl peroxide and topical retinoids) and systemic retinoids. Acne scars may be treated surgically using procedures such as dermabrasion and dermal injections of bovine collagen or simple scar excision, scar punch elevation, or punch grafting.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1993

[Acne vulgaris].

Acne vulgaris is one of the most common dermatological diseases. The prevalence may be as high as 83-95% at age 16, but decreases at age 20, and is very low at age 35. The aetiology and pathogenesis are not completely known, but the following factors are involved: 1) increased sebum secretion, 2) follicular keratinisation, 3) bacteria and 4) inflammation. Furthermore, genetic and exogenic factors play a role. Acne can be divided into 5 groups depending on its severity. Treatment principles within these 5 groups are reviewed. Treatment can not be expected to take effect before 1-2 months have passed, but all patients can be cured with the right treatment. The effects and side effects of the various treatments are described. Treatment with isotretinoin should only be initiated by dermatologists.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1993

[Staphylococcus aureus and atopic eczema].

The bacterial skin flora of patients with atopic eczema is different from that in healthy normal persons. In addition, such patients more often suffer from microbial infections. Differences in sebum and sweat secretion and increased bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells in atopic eczema may predispose to enhanced amounts of Staphylococcus aureus, for example, on the skin. Defective host-defence mechanisms with dysfunction of cellular and humoral immune reactions have been suggested. On the other hand, bacterial antigens may induce allergic reactions, e.g. increased IgE synthesis and enhanced expression of the low-affinity receptor for IgE (CD23, Fc epsilon RII), and the release of inflammatory mediators such as leukotrienes and histamine. The production of bacterial toxins might be important for the pathophysiology of atopic eczema. This paper summarizes the present data and tries to integrate them into a model for the induction of atopic eczema.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1996

An overview of acne and its treatment.

The pathophysiology of acne vulgaris results from the interplay of follicular hyperkeratinization, the presence of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria in the follicular canal, and sebum production. Several anti-acne agents are currently available that affect one or more of these pathogenic factors and are effective against one or more acne lesion types. The only currently available agent that is directly effective against comedones is tretinoin. Agents effective against inflammatory lesions include tretinoin, benzoyl peroxide, and topical and systemic antibiotics. Agents effective against nodules and cysts include oral antibiotics and isotretinoin. However, the successful utilization of the available agents and techniques is highly dependent on an accurate and thorough assessment of each patient's needs and concerns, followed by the implementation of an individualized treatment program that has been clearly communicated to the patient. Such a program may employ several different anti-acne agents and adjunctive treatments such as comedo extraction or intralesional injection.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1996

External and middle ear pathology in TGF-alpha-deficient animals.

Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) is a growth-regulatory peptide found in a wide range of embryonic and adult tissues. TGF-alpha is produced by keratinocytes and has been reported to be overexpressed in several epidermal diseases, including middle ear cholesteatoma. This report describes ear pathology in the waved-1 mutant mouse, which is severely deficient in TGF-alpha. Morphologic changes of the external and middle ear were studied histologically in waved-1 mutants 2 weeks to 6.5 months of age. Abnormalities found in the mutants included epidermal hyperplasia of the external ear canal (EAC) and tympanic membrane (TM) and enlargement of specialized sebaceous glands adjacent to the cartilaginous EAC. Sebum and desquamated keratin progressively accumulated within the EAC, displacing the TM into the middle ear. These changes appear similar to those occurring in Mongolian gerbils, which are known to develop cholesteatoma. The alterations found in waved-1 mutants are discussed in relation to the possible involvement of TGF-alpha in cholesteatoma pathogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Seborrhoeic dermatitis and Pityrosporum yeasts.

The connection between P. ovale and seborrhoeic dermatitis has been clearly demonstrated in a number of treatment studies but we still do not know how P. ovale induces skin lesions. An enhanced growth of P. ovale cannot be the cause, because a number of studies with quantitative determinations of P. ovale have not been able to show any difference in the number of yeast cells between patients and healthy controls. The number of P. ovale is probably only important for the individuals who are susceptible to seborrhoeic dermatitis. An abnormal immune response to P. ovale could be another explanation. Sohnle et al. have shown that P. ovale can activate complement by both the classical and the alternative pathway. A defective cell-mediated immunity to P. ovale in patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis has been demonstrated by Wikler et al. In patients with AIDS, who are known to have a diminished T-cell function, a high incidence of seborrhoeic dermatitis has been found. Activation of the alternative complement pathway by P. ovale, which does not require T-cell function, could be an explanation for the inflammatory response. I also believe that the skin lipids are important in the pathogenesis. An improvement of seborrhoeic dermatitis has been demonstrated after treatment with drugs that reduce the sebum excretion. Pityrosporum has lipase activity and may generate free fatty acids, which could also contribute to the inflammatory response. There are a number of factors which are probably important in the pathogenesis of seborrhoeic dermatitis, that is, the number of P. ovale, P. ovale lipase activity, skin lipids, immune function, heredity, atmospheric humidity and emotional state. A reduction in the number of P. ovale in patients suffering from seborrhoeic dermatitis and being treated with antimycotic treatment is, at the present state of knowledge, the best way to treat the disease.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1996

[Granulomatous peritonitis after laparoscopic surgery of an ovarian dermoid cyst. Diagnosis, management, prevention, a case report].

We report a case of granulomatous peritonitis which occurred following laparoscopic exeresis of a dermoid cyst of the ovary performed together with medically induced abortion. The peritoneal cavity was contaminated when the cyst ruptured during the procedure emptying sebum and hairs in the peritoneum. Abondant washing with aspiration of all the visible particles was done with a 5 mm canula. The diagnosis of granulomatous peritonitis was suggested with the development of persistant fever, degradation of the patient's general health, moderate abdominal pain and a nodular image at echography located on the operated ovary. The nodule was found to be an inflammatory granuloma on a foreign body. Two second-look laparotomies, one transrectal and the other via the xypho-pubian route, were required 1 month after the initial operation for complete cure. The diagnosis was confirmed on the pathology report.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗
PubMed1996

Fluorescence spectroscopy as an aid to imaging latent fingermarks in the ultraviolet.

Two- and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopic data have been recorded from sebum-rich latent fingermarks on quartz and white card. The fingermark residue was found to fluoresce between 310 to 380 nm and have an excitation range between 260 to 300 nm. The data are used to describe the results observed when imaging the inherent ultraviolet photoluminescence of latent fingermarks.

Dermatoglyphics↗
PubMed1996

Metabolic effects of 12-month percutaneous dehydroepiandrosterone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women.

We have evaluated the effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) replacement therapy in 60- to 70-year-old women (n = 15) who received a single daily percutaneous application of a 10% DHEA cream for 12 months. While anthropometric measurements showed no change in body weight, we observed a 9.8% decrease in subcutaneous skinfold thickness at 12 months (P < 0.05). This was confirmed by measurements of midthigh fat and muscle areas by computed tomography where a 3.8% decrease (P < 0.05) in femoral fat and a 3.5% increase (P < 0.05) in femoral muscular areas were observed at 12 months. There was no significant change in abdominal fat measurements but the waist-to-hip ratio was only 0.83 at the onset of treatment. These changes in body fat and muscular mass were associated with a 11% decrease (P < 0.05) in fasting plasma glucose and a 17% decrease (P < 0.05) in fasting insulin levels. Treatment with DHEA had no adverse effect on the lipid or lipoprotein profile. In fact, an overall trend towards a decrease in total cholesterol and its lipoprotein fractions was observed. Plasma triglycerides were not affected. Plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol decreased by 8% but the ratio HDL/cholesterol was unchanged by DHEA treatment because of a parallel decrease in total cholesterol. The index of sebum secretion showed a 73% increase (P < 0.05) during the 12 months of DHEA therapy followed by a return to pretreatment values 3 months after cessation of therapy. At the same time, sex hormone-binding globulin levels decreased (P < 0.05) during treatment and returned to pretreatment values 3 months after the end of therapy. Serum gonadotropins were not changed by DHEA treatment. Although not significant, we observed a tendency towards an elevation in serum GH levels. Values of serum IGF-I remained unchanged while plasma IGF-binding protein-3 levels significantly decreased (P < 0.05) during treatment and returned to pretreatment values after cessation of DHEA therapy. The present data clearly indicate the beneficial effects of DHEA therapy in postmenopausal women through its transformation into androgens and/or estrogens in specific intracrine tissues without any significant side effects.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1996

[Stress and skin: experimental approach].

The effects of electric stress on epidermal cell mitosis, sebum production, hair growth and tumor induction, was studied in laboratory using Maynert and Levi's technique: reproducible electric stimulations were delivered in mice or hamsters in order to induce standardised stress. Such repeated stimulations increase cutaneous catecholamine concentrations in the early period. Repeated stress induce a decrease in keratinocyte and melanocyte mitoses, an increase of sebaceous excretion, and favours the development of outset of photoinduced tumors. The possible involvement of these data in human dermatopathology and clinical dermatology are discussed for each impaired cutaneous function: mitoses, hair growth, sebaceous function and anti-tumoral immunity.

Animals↗