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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychosocial stress at work and musculoskeletal pain among police officers in special forces].

This study investigates associations of an adverse psychosocial work environment with musculoskeletal pain among German police officers in special forces. Analyses are based on a survey of 480 officers in special police forces (mainly special assignments and mobile units). An adverse psychosocial work environment is measured by the effort-reward imbalance model that identifies "high effort/low reward" working conditions. Musculoskeletal pain is assessed by means of a validated questionnaire (12 months and 7 days prevalence). Analyses confirm that police work is a stressful occupation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicates a twofold risk for neck, back and hip pain among police officers defined by an imbalance of high effort and low reward at work after adjustment for age, gender, socio-economic status, and physical work load.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Treatment of spondylolisthesis in adults using the dorsal approach with the fixateur interne and a special repositioning device].

Fourteen patients with spondylolisthesis were operated in the Orthopaedic Clinic of Ulm (RKU) from October 1984 to December 1986. All patients suffered from low back pain, 13 had symptomes of nerve root compression, 6 had intermittent spinal claudication. All patients were treated by segmental distraction, reduction of the slipped vertebra and a ventral interbody fusion. The operative technique required first the dorsal approach for distraction and reduction using the fixateur interne (Dick) as well as a self developed special instrument for the reduction of the vertebra (repositeur). The ventral interbody fusion was performed in a one-stage procedure. The self developed special instrument (repositeur) is described and its construction principals, mechanics and its applications. Distraction and reduction of spondylolisthesis was achieved totally or nearly complete with this instrument in all but one patient. In one case the transpedicular screw ripped out. Always the foramina intervertebralia were opened to physiological width. Pain and neurological symptomes completely disappeared in all patients and no additional spinal operation was necessary. No infection and no pseudarthrosis did occur. Our clinical results are discussed in regard to other publications. Operative treatment of spondylolisthesis using the fixateur interne and a new developed special instrument for reduction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Clients' experiences with a specialized sexual assault service.

INTRODUCTION: Specialized services have been developed to meet the unique needs of survivors of sexual assault, and yet little research has been conducted to investigate clients' experiences with these services. An interpretive study was conducted to (1) understand the experience of women who were sexually assaulted and then cared for in an emergency setting by professionals associated with a specialized sexual assault service; (2) discover themes in the experiences of these women; and (3) discern implications of this experience for delivery of care to women who have been sexually assaulted. METHODS: Eight women who had been cared for at a specialized sexual assault service were interviewed 2 months later. RESULTS: Nine themes emerged from latent content analysis of the interviews. DISCUSSION: Conclusions drawn include the importance of holistic woman-centered care, the importance of having one caregiver focus on the client's emotional needs, the importance of touch, and the need for an effective, sensitive, and coordinated response by police and community services.

British Columbia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Managed care and children with special health care needs.

Providing care to children with special health care needs within a managed care environment presents special challenges for providers and parents alike. The goal of managed care is to contain costs by encouraging or requiring members to obtain services through a designated network. In managed care programs, children and families may experience limited access to specialized care and services, along with decreased fragmentation inherent in fee-for-service care. For providers, managed care creates financial risk while offering opportunities for acquiring new skills and knowledge. The primary care provider assumes a central role in creating a medical home that links the child and family to a single provider who is an ongoing resource and partner in care. To provide comprehensive, coordinated, family-centered care, the medical home provider must learn about a variety of services available within the community and guide parents in learning how to access the services that meet their child's needs. Pediatric nurse practitioners can play a significant role in ensuring that children receive the most appropriate care.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Specialized ribosome system: preferential translation of a single mRNA species by a subpopulation of mutated ribosomes in Escherichia coli.

In Escherichia coli, all mRNAs are translated by one pool of functionally identical ribosomes. Here, we describe a system in which a subpopulation of modified ribosomes are directed to a single mutated mRNA species. This was accomplished by changing the Shine-Dalgarno sequence that precedes the heterologous human growth hormone gene from 5' GGAGG to 5' CCTCC or 5' GTGTG. Translation of these modified mRNAs by wild-type ribosomes is very inefficient. When the anti-Shine-Dalgarno region (i.e., the region complementary to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence) at the 3' end of the gene encoding 16S rRNA (rrnB) was altered from 5' CCTCC to 5' GGAGG or 5' CACAC, thus restoring its potential to base-pair with the mutated human growth hormone mRNA, significant expression of this mRNA occurred. Growth hormone synthesis was dependent on induction of the mutated rrnB operon. Subsequently, these specialized ribosomes were made spectinomycin-resistant by the introduction of a C----U substitution at position 1192 of the 16S rRNA. Thus, host protein synthesis could be shut off by the addition of spectinomycin and the specificity and efficiency of the specialized ribosomes could be assessed. Since the specialized ribosomes represent a nonessential subpopulation in the cell, this system offers an approach to the study of mutations elsewhere in the 16S-rRNA gene that otherwise would be lethal to the cell.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Tarsier-like locomotor specializations in the oligocene primate afrotarsius.

Tarsiers and extinct tarsier-like primates have played a central role in views of primate phylogeny and evolution for more than a century. Because of the importance of tarsiers in so many primatological problems, there has been particular interest in questions about the origin of tarsier specializations and the biogeography of early tarsioid radiations. We report on a new fossil of rare Afrotarsius that shows near identity to modern Tarsius in unique specializations of the leg, which provides information about the locomotor behavior and clarifies the phylogenetic position of this previously controversial primate. These specializations constitute evidence that Afrotarsius is a tarsiid, closely related to extant Tarsius; hence, it is now excluded from being a generalized sister taxon to Anthropoidea.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

High density distribution of endoplasmic reticulum proteins and mitochondria at specialized Ca2+ release sites in oligodendrocyte processes.

In oligodendrocyte processes, methacholine-evoked Ca2+ waves propagate via regions of specialized Ca2+ release kinetics (wave amplification sites) at which the amplitude and rate of rise of local Ca2+ signals are markedly higher than in surrounding areas (Simpson, P. B., and Russell, J. T. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 33493-33501). In the present study we have examined the effects of other phosphoinositide-coupled agonists on Ca2+ in these cells, and the structural specializations underlying regenerative wave amplification sites. Both bradykinin and norepinephrine evoke Ca2+ waves, which initiate at the same loci and propagate through the cell body and multiple processes via identical wave amplification sites. Antibodies against type 2 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (InsP3R2) and calreticulin identify expression of these proteins in oligodendrocyte membranes in Western blots. Immunocytochemistry followed by high resolution fluorescence microscopy revealed that both InsP3R2 and calreticulin are expressed in high intensity patches along processes. Cross-correlation analysis of the profiles of local Ca2+ release kinetics during a Ca2+ wave and immunofluorescence for these proteins along cellular processes showed that the domains of high endoplasmic reticulum protein expression correspond closely to wave amplification sites. Staining cells with the mitochondrial dye, MitoTracker(R), showed that mitochondria are only found in intimate association with these sites possessing high density endoplasmic reticulum proteins, and they remain in the same locations over relatively long periods of time. It appears, therefore, that multiple specializations are found at domains of elevated Ca2+ release in oligodendrocyte processes, including high levels of calreticulin, InsP3R2 Ca2+ release channels, and mitochondria.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Specializations in the lumbosacral spinal cord of birds: morphological and behavioural evidence for a sense of equilibrium.

Birds have a variety of long known anatomical specializations both in the vertebrae and in the spinal cord of lumbosacral segments. In the present investigation additional morphological specializations are described for the pigeon. These consist of segmentally organized semicircular canal-like structures (lumbosacral canals) which together with specializations in the meninges of the spinal cord form a large liquor space above accessory lobes attached to the spinal cord. The whole system is thought to function as a sense of equilibrium. The neurons in the lobes are assumed to be sensory neurons which are stimulated by the inertia of the fluid during movements of the body. Such a function is supported by lesion experiments: opening of the fluid space was followed by severe disturbances of landing and walking behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

The status of hypnosis as an empirically validated clinical intervention: a preamble to the special issue.

In his introductory remarks to this Journal's special issue on the status of hypnosis as an empirically supported clinical intervention, the editor briefly describes the dawn of clinical hypnosis research, the logic of the natural science model, the importance of an inspired but tough-minded clinical science, and the auspicious confluence of practice and research purpose in this enterprise. The progenitor of this effort was indeed the Report of the Royal Commission coauthored by Benjamin Franklin and Antoine Lavoisier, among others, more than 215 years ago--a report noted as one of the most important documents in the history of human reason. The ethos and logic of this special issue is grounded on the legacy of that document. Eschewing the conflicting mental health agendas of managed-care, government, patient rights, and professional guild interests, this special issue seeks to present a frank, evenhanded, informed, and dispassionate assessment of what science knows and does not know about clinical hypnosis.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Sex differences in the association of cerebral hemispheric specialization of spatial function with conservation task performance.

The association of locus of cerebral hemispheric specialization of spatial function with identity and equivalence conservation judgments was tested in a group of 4- to 6-year-old right-handed children (N = 31). Separate multiple regression analyses for males and females revealed that locus of specialization of spatial function was irrelevant for performance on the equivalence conservation task but was a significant factor in male identity conservation performance. Whereas right hemisphere specialization was advantageous for males, it was of no significant import for females. Results are discussed in the light of previous research on the use of differing cognitive stratergies by males and females in problem-solving situations.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spiritual experiences of parents and caregivers who have children with disabilities or special needs.

Despite the fact that faith has been described as a universal concern, and despite the realization that the presence of social supports is an essential element in successful coping, there has been no systematic examination of the quality of spiritual networks important to families impacted by childhood disability. There is also little understanding of how spirituality in children influences the lived experience of faith in the adults who care for them. Findings reported here come out of a larger existential phenomenology study that examined the lived experience of parents or caregivers who sought to obtain formal religious education for their children with special needs. Participants included 26 parents/caregivers representing 44 children with special needs and 15 different faith traditions. Narratives indicated that many clergy and members of faith communities either devalue or fail to recognize the spiritual lives of disabled children. This lack of recognition was associated with participant disillusionment or crises of faith and a sense of alienation from potential sources of emotional support. In contrast, those participants whose children were welcomed reported feeling sustaining support and strengthened faith. No parent or caregiver perceived nurses as having an awareness of or interest in spirituality within families of children who have special needs.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

A special device for endoscopic surgery of lumbar disc herniation.

We studied the use of an endoscopic technique for lumbar discectomy, the most frequent operation in spinal surgery. Minimal invasive procedures are cost effective and allow earlier resumption of activities, work and sports. Endoscopic procedures have become more frequent in surgery but rarely for spinal surgery. It is sometimes used in the disc itself but not in the spinal canal. The goal of this operation is to reach the disc herniation in the spinal canal through a small incision, using a special device with an endoscope. It is composed of three tubes: one for the endoscope, one for aspiration and the largest one for classical surgical instruments. A protected space is created at one end of the tubes by a special part of the device which looks like a speculum; there is also an included nerve retractor. One hundred patients were operated during the year 1993. In a follow-up, 91 patients were evaluated using Prolo's criteria. The results could be classified as excellent in 78 patients, good in nine and poor in four. Complications were rare: two discitis, four recurrences, one failure. This technique allows a smaller incision, less trauma to lumbar muscles, better identification of deep structures, soft manipulation and better release of neural structures, perfect hemostasis and no drain. Early post-operative mobilization is easy and special wound dressing allows immediate shower and intensive re-education. These excellent results must be confirmed by long term studies; nevertheless this minimal invasive technique can be considered as a safe and effective treatment of the lumbar disc herniation.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Special populations: the female player and the youth player.

Females and youth are frequently described as "special" populations in football literature, but together these two populations outnumber male players. What makes females "special" is that they tend to eat less when training and competing than their male counterparts, leading to lower intakes of energy, carbohydrate, and some nutrients. Youth football players are special in regard to energy and nutrient requirements to promote growth and development, as well as to fuel sport. There is limited research on the dietary habits of these two populations, but the available literature suggests that many female and youth players need to increase carbohydrate intake, increase fluid intake, and develop dietary habits to sustain the demands of training and competition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Special care hospice units in nursing homes.

The emergence of hospice care in the nursing home is a trend about which we have virtually no information. As a first step to a more comprehensive examination of this phenomenon, we provide a descriptive analysis of nursing homes that contain special care hospice units and a preliminary analysis of the determinants of nursing homes with special care hospice units. We found that being small, being a proprietary facility, being part of a chain, and being located in a more competitive environment are significantly related to having a hospice special care unit.

Economic Competition↗
PubMed1999

Early discharge of preterm infants needing limited special care, followed by domiciliary nursing care.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of early discharge, followed by domiciliary nursing care, on infant health and utilization of health services in preterm infants still in need of special care (mainly gavage feeding). In total, 88 infants who were physiologically stable, but in need of further special care such as gavage feeding, were allocated to an early discharge group (EDG = 45 infants) and offered home visits by a nurse backed up by a neonatologist, or to a control group offered standard neonatal care (CG = 43 infants). Infants in the EDG spent 30.6 d (mean) in hospital after birth compared with 46.3 d in the CG (p = 0.003). On average, the domiciliary nurse spent 10.4 h with each family in the EDG, including a median number of 5 home visits, scheduled telephone contact and travelling time. The infants had a mean of 1.7 scheduled visits and 0.4 unscheduled visits to the neonatal ward. The domiciliary nurse received a mean of 0.9 telephone calls from the parents. When the period of domiciliary care in the EDG (post-conceptional age 35.9-38.7 wk) was compared with the corresponding time in hospital in the CG (post-conceptional age 35.6-38.6 wk), no statistical differences were observed in infant health, surgical procedures or medication. However, a reduced incidence of respiratory infections was observed in the EDG (6 versus 16 infants; p = 0.02). Nine infants in the EDG were re-hospitalized. The two groups did not differ in the numbers of rehospitalizations and non-elective contacts with the health services during the first year after discharge. In conclusion, early discharge of preterm infants still requiring special care, followed by domiciliary nursing care, was associated neither with an increased utilization of health services after discharge, nor with infant morbidity after discharge. More information on safety is needed before widespread early discharge can be advocated.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

Special-purpose fiber type 475--toxicological assessment.

Type 475 special-purpose glass fiber is rather unique among the family of synthetic mineral fibers. It is used not for insulation but for "high-end" filtration products designed for high and ultra-high purity filtration of air and liquids. The designation for these types of filters varies with country and includes HEPA, ULPA, EU 10-13, EN1822, and S3. In its evaluation, type 475 has been grouped together with E-glass another special-purpose fibre often with little distinction made in terms of its chemistry and corresponding toxicological response. The detailed review of the available toxicology data on type 475 glass fibers clearly shows that following inhalation of this fiber even at relatively high doses, which likely exceed that at which lung overload in the rat is known to occur, type 475 glass fibers are not fibrogenic and do not cause tumors. These data clearly show an important differentiation in potency between type 475 glass fibers and E-glass and support treating these two types of fibers independently and not equating them though the term "special-purpose fibers." Analysis of the intraperitoneal studies taking into account fibre dimensions shows that at 109 fibers injected, there was a 0.3 tumor incidence. While these studies indicate according to the European Commission (EC) classification criteria that 475 should not be fully exonerated as a carcinogen, the results of the inhalation study fully support classification in category 3. The IP results are more difficult to interpret, however, the IP study itself provides no toxicological basis for determining what range of dose-response should correspond to EU category 3 or 2. Following the EC classification criteria, the toxicological data clearly indicate that 475 fibers are appropriately classified in EC category 3.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2006

Living setting and utilisation of ADL assistance one year after a stroke with special reference to gender differences.

PURPOSE: To examine living setting and need for ADL assistance before and one year after a first-ever stroke with special focus on gender differences. METHODS: One-year survivors from a population-based stroke study (n = 377) were studied with regard to place of living, need for ADL assistance and who provided the help. Stroke severity, cognitive impairment, post-stroke depression as well as risk factors were evaluated. RESULTS: Before the stroke 48 patients (13%) lived in special housing (service flats or nursing homes), and one year after the stroke, 50 of the survivors (20%) lived in such accommodations. Before the stroke, 80 (21%) of the patients needed help with their personal ADL, while 90 (36%) needed help after one year. The increased need was fulfilled by relatives. Female spouses more often helped their male counterparts, and they tended to accept a heavier burden. Age, living alone, stroke severity, cognitive impairment, pre-stroke ADL dependency and depression were predictors for special housing. CONCLUSIONS: In a time when more and more stroke survivors are cared for at home, it is important to pay attention to the situation of the caregivers. Female caregivers seem to be in an especially exposed position by accepting a heavier burden.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2006

Neuropathological research at the "Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fuer Psychiatrie" (German Institute for Psychiatric Research) in Munich (Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institute). Scientific utilization of children's organs from the "Kinderfachabteilungen" (Children's Special Departments) at Bavarian State Hospitals.

During National Socialism, the politically motivated interest in psychiatric genetic research lead to the founding of research departments specialized in pathological-anatomical brain research, the two Kaiser Wilhelm-Institutes (KWI) in Berlin and Munich. The latter was indirectly provided with brain material by Bavarian State Hospitals, to three of which "Kinderfachabteilungen" (Special Pediatric Units) were affiliated. As children became victims of the systematically conducted child "euthanasia" in these Special Pediatric Units, this paper will address the question whether and to which extent the organs from victims of child "euthanasia" were used for (neuro-) pathological research at the KWI in Munich. By means of case studies and medical histories (with focus on the situation in Kaufbeuren-Irsee), I will argue that pediatric departments on a regular base delivered slide preparations, that the child "euthanasia" conduced in these departments systematically contributed to neuropathological research and that slide preparations from victims of child "euthanasia" were used in scientific publications after 1945.

Academies and Institutes↗