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PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital melanoma: a case suggesting rhabdomyogenic differentiation.

A newborn girl had some subcutaneous masses within a giant congenital melanocytic nevus in the left parietal area. Microscopic examination revealed melanoma. The tumor consisted of two different patterns, being composed partly of epithelioid cells and partly of spindle-shaped cells. Immunohistochemically the epithelioid cells showed a positive reaction for HMB-45 and NKI/C3, and a negative reaction for desmin and alpha-sarcomeric actin. The spindle-shaped cells showed a negative reaction for HMB-45 and NKI/C3, and a positive reaction for desmin and alpha-sarcomeric actin. Ultrastructurally the spindle-shaped cells had some schwannian features, namely, a basal lamina, interdigitating cell processes, and junctional complexes. The pathologic findings of our case suggest possible direct rhabdomyogenic differentiation of melanoma cells.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment with bifonazole shampoo for scalp seborrhea in infants and young children.

Thirty-four infants and children were prescribed bifonazole 1% shampoo as a treatment for lesions of scalp seborrheic dermatitis. All but one were cured or showed improvement within a short period. No serious side effects were observed. We conclude that bifonazole 1% shampoo is an effective and safe treatment for lesions of scalp seborrheic dermatitis in infants and young children.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vascular stains and hair collar sign associated with congenital anomalies of the scalp.

We reported a series of three meningothelial hamartomas, one benign fibrous tumor, and one aplasia cutis congenita presenting with the hair collar sign and a coexistent vascular stain. Our series highlighted the importance of coexisting cutaneous markers found in the newborn period. The presence of a vascular stain and hair collar sign with or without a congenital scalp nodule should increase suspicion of an associated cranial dysraphism.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nevus psiloliparus and aplasia cutis: a further possible example of didymosis.

Nevus psiloliparus is a distinct type of mesodermal nevus of the scalp characterized by absence or paucity of hair, and presence of an excessive amount of fatty tissue. It is considered a hallmark of encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis, a rare disorder comprising a variety of cutaneous, ophthalmologic, and neurologic defects. We report two infants with encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis with nevus psiloliparus on the scalp in close association with aplasia cutis congenita. This unusual association may be considered a further example of didymosis, for which we propose the term, didymosis aplasticopsilolipara.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Familial nonmembranous aplasia cutis of the scalp.

Aplasia cutis of the scalp is often a sporadic condition, but familial occurrences with an autosomal dominant inheritance have been documented. Aplasia cutis of the scalp may be seen in two main clinical variants: oval-shaped membranous aplasia cutis and irregular, larger defects. We report six families in whom more than one member has aplasia cutis of the scalp, all of them with large irregular defects located over the vertex or anterior to the vertex along the sagittal suture. We review previous reports of this entity with clinical pictures and note that in most instances, the defects are of the nonmembranous variant.

Ectodermal Dysplasia↗
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Albendazole: single or combination therapy with permethrin against pediculosis capitis.

Pediculosis capitis is a worldwide problem and a growing concern because of resistance to pediculicides. In the present study, we investigated whether albendazole could be used in the treatment of pediculosis capitis in combination with 1% permethrin or alone. A total of 150 children were randomly divided to five groups of 30 each. Group 1 got albendazole in a single dose (400 mg), group 2 got albendazole at 400 mg for 3 days, group 3 was given 1% permethrin, group 4 took 1% permethrin and albendazole in a single dose (400 mg), and group 5 got 1% permethrin and albendazole in a dose of 400 mg for 3 days. Groups given albendazole were also given another 400 mg dose of albendazole after 1 week. The success rate of treatment at the 2-week follow-up for all groups was 61.5%, 66.6%, 80.0%, 84.6%, and 82.1%, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups. The results of this study suggest that albendazole is effective against pediculosis capitis and there is no synergistic effect between albendazole and 1% permethrin.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Folliculitis spinulosa decalvans: an uncommon entity within the keratosis pilaris atrophicans spectrum.

Folliculitis spinulosa decalvans is an uncommon condition characterized by follicular hyperkeratosis, followed by scarring alopecia. We report a 12-year-old boy affected by keratotic papules of the scalp and keratosis pilaris of the limbs who developed erythema, pustules, and scale crusts on the scalp associated with scarring alopecia. Histologic examination showed follicular and interfollicular hyperkeratosis, follicular plugging, mild inflammation, and focal scarring. A transient remission of the inflammatory changes on the scalp was obtained after treatment with isotretinoin. The follicular spinulous hyperkeratosis persisted. A severe relapse of the scalp inflammation was observed during a 2-year follow-up.

Alopecia↗
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Lipedematous scalp in a child.

A nine year old Maori girl was noted to have a spongy consistency to her posterior scalp. The overlying skin appeared normal, as was hair growth in that area. The abnormal findings became more extensive over the subsequent year. A computerized tomography scan showed diffuse thickening of subcutaneous tissues posteriorly on the scalp. A skin biopsy specimen showed a normal epidermis with a thick layer of mature subcutaneous fat and some disruption of the subcutaneous architecture. The clinical features and investigations were consistent with a diagnosis of lipedematous scalp, which has been described predominantly in adult women and is usually associated with alopecia. This condition has not been reported previously in the pediatric literature.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fontana-positive grains in mycetoma caused by Microsporum canis.

We describe mycetoma caused by Microsporum canis occurring in a 9-year-old African-American girl. Pathologic evaluation showed a granulomatous dermatitis with numerous large fungal grains containing septate hyphae that were Fontana-Masson positive. Two cultures of pure grains grew M. canis. Mycetoma due to dermatophytes is very uncommon. The few instances reported have been pseudomycetoma (grains in the absence of sinus tracts). Our patient developed sinus tracts (true mycetoma). No prior reports were found of M. canis staining Fontana positive. Differentiation of dermatophyte-induced mycetoma from kerion is important because mycetomas require a combined approach including surgical debridement in addition to oral antifungal therapy.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp after perinatal scalp injury.

We report four infants born with necrotic caput succedaneum that led to a scarring alopecia with ongoing inflammation and persistent scale-crust. These lesions did not significantly improve with topical or oral antibiotics, but did respond somewhat to topical corticosteroids. Alopecia with chronic erosive scale-crust and a moderate response to topical corticosteroids are findings consistent with a diagnosis of erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Early diffuse alopecia in a neonate with congenital syphilis.

Neonatal alopecia has been described in many circumstances but never as a part of the constellation of signs in congenital syphilis. Common clinical features of early congenital syphilis include hepatosplenomegaly, skeletal deformities, hematologic disturbances, and mucocutaneous features such as rhinitis and maculopapular rash. Syphilitic alopecia has previously been described only in conjunction with secondary syphilis. In this article, we describe the first occurrence of alopecia in a neonate with congenital syphilis.

Adult↗