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In the Gambia a community-based strategy was tested, in which a traditional snack food was promoted as a dietary supplement to improve women's nutrition during pregnancy. The results suggest how community nutrition programmes can be designed so as to favour sustainability. By and large, the lessons learned are also applicable to other types of community health programme.
Cognitive development of 1336 children (6-8 yr) was studied in relation to their nutritional status. Seven Piagetian tasks covering the mental process of a concrete operational period were given to each child to assess the cognitive development. Weschler intelligence scale for Indian Children was used to assess the IQ of each child. The percentage of malnourished children in stage I of development (preoperational) was significantly higher as that of wellnourished children. A higher percentage of children in the latter group was in stage III of development (concrete operation). In boys performance on all the tasks was influenced by undernutrition except for class inclusion. In girls this was true only for conservation of liquid, substance and ordinal relation. The results of the regression analysis showed that nutrition was the only factor weakly associated with the poor performance of the children in various tasks. Further, the effect of nutrition was more pronounced in conservation tasks indicating poor verbal reasoning and comprehension in malnourished children. Information was also collected regarding the parental education and occupation, socio-economic status, caste, economic sufficiency, psychosocial stimulation and home environment. However, these environmental factors did not influence the development of rural children. This might be due to the fact that the population in the present study did not vary much with regard to these variables.
To examine the effects of urban and rural upbringing on test anxiety 221 Nigerian high school students completed measures of test anxiety and environment/academic performance. Analysis showed that younger urban groups scored better than older rural groups in academic performance, rural students having high scores in environment/academic performance scales. The findings corroborate earlier work on urban and rural upbringing and text anxiety. Suggestions for cross-cultural research which incorporates test anxiety and the construct of concentration are detailed.
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A historical review of the relationship between agricultural change and population growth in China is presented. "This paper will try to discuss four aspects of agricultural change that are related to population growth. They are: (1) expansion of agricultural frontier, (2) changes in cultivation methods and land use, (3) improvements in agricultural technology, and (4) irrigation and water-control. Each of these aspects [is] treated briefly with temporal and spatial perspectives...." The relevance of the Boserup theory that population pressure leads to agricultural development is considered in the Chinese context. It is found that some evidence supports the theory. (summary in CHI)
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The authors examine the relationship between population growth and agricultural change using a village-level study of the Warli tribal community in Maharashtra, India. "This paper tries to highlight the relationship that exists between the two factors and the relative changes in the structural character of the two factors. It also focuses on the complications brought about by the juxtaposition of a market economy of the nontribals on the subsistence peasant agriculture of the Warli tribals. Methodology is empirical. Suitable statistical aids have been used on available census material [for the years 1901-1971], substantiated with fieldwork."
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"Crude birth, death and marriage rates are examined for [Austria's] Croatian military defence zone and 'cordon sanitaire' against Turkey for the period 1830-1847.... The data suggest that between about one and four fifths of the variance in long term swings and in annual fluctuations from the moving averages of birth, death, and nuptiality rates can be explained by a combination of linear trend over time, an epidemic year, and primarily three economic indicators: grain lagged by one year, grain in the report year (perhaps as a proxy for other plant production), and livestock in the report year." (summary in ENG)
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This Decree suspends for a period of 90 days 1) the approval of agricultural and livestock projects in the Amazon area in places covered with tropical forests for the purpose of granting incentives related to the Brazilian Investment Fund for the Amazon; 2) the granting of official credits for livestock projects in the same areas; and 3) the granting of official incentives and credits for agricultural and livestock projects in "Mata Atlantica" in areas covered with native forests, including those in the process of regeneration. This suspension includes projects to enlarge, modernize, make technically fit, or reformulate undertakings already approved. Within the 90-day period, new criteria and rules for the granting of official credits and incentives are to be devised.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.