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PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of rations with an increased sunflower seed oil level on the rate of very low-density lipoprotein formation in the liver, secretion into the blood and composition in the blood].

Feeding of rats on a ration with an excessive content of sunflower-oil (60 per cent of the total calorific value of the ration) for a period of 30 days resulted in lowering the rate of the apoproteins, prolipoproteins synthesis in the liver and in their loading with triglycerides and cholesterol. As a consequence of this it diminished secretion of endogenously formed tryglycerides and cholesterol from the liver into the blood and a changed lipid composition of lipoproteins of a very low density in the blood.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[The fundamental problems and evaluation criteria for rational imaging diagnosis in oncology].

The increasing number of imaging procedures in the oncological diagnostics requires the rational and economic reasonable use of these methods. To avoid an "overdiagnosis" due to the use of multiple expensive methods for the same diagnostic problem, precise information about the cost-benefit-risk relations are necessary and should be available for radiologists, oncologists and other authorities. The aim is to receive a fast and more reliable diagnosis with lower risk and burden for the patients in reasonable expense. As a result may be the reduction of less effective outmoded methods. This paper formulates basic considerations which can be used for further more detailed and intensive investigations for establishing a rational diagnosis.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1990

[Bases of rational nutrition in old age].

Current theoretical concepts of gerontological dietetics have been analysed. Elaboration of rational nutrition patterns for the old should rest on the age-specific metabolic and functional changes in the organism. A possibility of influencing the acid-base balance of the blood, immunity, and intestinal microflora by means of a goal-oriented diet has been demonstrated. The alimentary factors, which have been revealed during studies of actual nutrition patterns in the regions of high-longevity (Abkhazia and Azerbaidjan) and low-longevity (Ukraine), and which may have some relevance to longevity, are discussed. The necessity of the nutrition rationalization for the old has been grounded, which may be achieved by lowering food caloric protein and fat contents, by increasing carbohydrate and fibre proportions, and by saturating food with the nutrients capable of geroprotective effects, which is possible when milk and vegetable products are predominant in the diet and new food products for the old are included in it.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Daily energy consumption, physiological standards of energy requirement and energy value of food rations for children in boarding schools of the Georgian SSR].

To determine daily energy consumption the time budget was studied and energy consumption by children of varying age and sex was calculated at the main postures and types of activity. The data obtained have shown that the energy value of food rations during a year exceeded the physiological energy requirement in schoolchildren of the I age group on the average by 20-35 kcal, while in the II and III age groups it was lower by 30-150 kcal. These results show the necessity of rationalization of nutrition for children in boarding schools of Tbilisi.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Rational hemotherapy. Indications, complications and practical performance].

Employment of allogenic blood products involves the risk of a series of complications in the recipient: transfusion-transmitted disease, immune suppression, immunological transfusion reactions and coagulopathy. Hepatitis C is the most common transfusion-transmitted infection with a post-transfusion incidence of 2-4%. Transfusion-transmitted AIDS plays a quantitatively lesser role but the course of the condition is frequently fatal. The duration of the period during which a HIV-sero-negative individual is potentially infectious is uncertain. After blood transfusion, the immune apparatus is suppressed, probably on account of the leukocyte content of the blood transfusion. These disturbances in immune function increase the risk of infection and possibly the frequency of recurrence of cancer after operative treatment of a series of neoplastic diseases. Coagulopathy after blood transfusion may be related primarily to the number of transfusions and can be counteracted by administration of the relevant coagulation factors. Rational hemotherapy aims at minimizing these transfusion-related complications by restricting the indications for blood transfusion, blood component therapy, peroperative normovolaemic haemodilution, preoperative deposition of autologous blood and/or peroperative collection of blood and re-infusion. Employing rational hemotherapy, it becomes possible to reduce the need for transfusion by 20-90% and hence the morbidity and the mortality connected with blood transfusion.

Blood Substitutes↗
PubMed1990

[The content of Hb and the hematocrit value in blood and the total proteins, urea, glucose, free fatty acids, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Pa, Fe, Fe-binding capacity, Cu and Zn in the blood plasma of Warmblood horses during feeding with oat-hay or barley-hay rations over a period of 9 months].

4 horses (Group A) received an oat-hay ration, through 9 months running, while 3 horses (Group B) were fed a barley-hay ration over the same period of time. Blood samples were collected and examined in 4-week intervals. All values considered, no differences were found to exist between the 2 groups with regard to Hb and haematocrit in blood as well as to protein, glucose, sodium, potassium, magnesium, iron fixation capacity, copper, and zinc in blood plasma. The urea level in plasma of Group A was higher than that in Group B, values being 5.76 +/- 0.64 mmol/l and 5.14 +/- 0.72 mmol/l. The same applied to free fatty acids, values being 150 +/- 83 mumols/l in Group A and 95 +/- 42 mumols/l in Group B. Calcium was 3.10 +/- 0.27 mmol/l in Group A and 2.92 +/- 0.26 mmol/l in Group B, while the A-B difference in inorganic phosphorus amounted to 1.62 +/- 0.65 against 1.99 +/- 0.77 mmol/l. Group A was inferior to Group B also with regard to iron in plasma, values being 28.6 +/- 2.42 mumols/l against 32.8 +/- 4.62 mumol/l. Causes underlying these differences are discussed in some detail.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of cadmium, mercury and lead intake with daily food rations].

Using the data of the Central Statistical Bureau concerning the consumption of about 90 basic food products daily food rations were reproduced as taken by medium-income worker families. The diets were reproduced in Lublin, Olsztyn, Poznań, Warsaw and Wrocław determining in them cadmium, mercury and lead by atomic absorption spectrophometry. It was found that weekly intake of cadmium with food rations was in the range from 133 to 189 mcg, that of lead was 504 to 952 mcg, and mercury from 61.6 to 154.0 mcg. The obtained results were not exceeding 50% PTWI for any of these metals but they were rather higher than those in previous years, which indicates increasing contamination of food products with toxic elements. In areas with higher industrialization level the dietary intake of metals was as a rule higher than in areas with lower accumulation of industry.

Cadmium↗
PubMed1990

Rational use of antibiotics in the critically ill patient.

Despite the advent of newer broad-spectrum antibiotics, infection in critically ill patients still is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. For these patients, who frequently receive inappropriate and excessive empiric antibiotic therapy, it is important to develop rational drug usage criteria. Current economic forces, including personnel shortages and the effects of diagnosis-related groups, are also a critical factor in this patient population. Criteria for rational antibiotic selection are based on patterns of infection and knowledge of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of individual antibiotics. The development and use of treatment protocols, or algorithms, will provide quality patient care for the lowest overall cost.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1990

[Process of fibrin depolymerization and non-enzymatic fibrinolysis in rabbits receiving atherogenic rations with addition of antioxidants].

The rabbits were kept on atherogenic ration for 2 months. This diet contained 0.3 mg/kg of cholesterol. In blood plasma of animals the authors observed a sharply reduced non-enzymatic fibrinolysis and depolymerization activity of non-stabilized fibrin. The addition of antioxidants and alpha-tocopherol (10 + 10 mg/kg) for 1 month to the atherogenic ration protected from the disturbance of the system hemostasis and normalized the depolymerization of non-stabilized fibrin.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of a limitation of the food ration on macrophage functional activity and angiogenesis in mice with metastasizing tumors].

In mice with metastasizing tumors that received a reduced (by 30-40%) daily ration, suppression of neovascularization processes and normalization of macrophage function were recorded: activity of macrophages in the area of the metastatic growth increased, while activity of macrophages suppressing T-lymphocytes in the spleen was decreased. It has been suggested that these effects play a role in the phenomenon observed by the authors--suppression of the metastatic processes in the test mice kept on a reduced food ration.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contribution of clinical pharmacology to a rational use of cardiac glycosides in Czechoslovakia.

In Czechoslovakia, drug utilization studies showed that oral forms of digoxin and lanatoside C are traditionally the most prescribed cardiac glycosides. Our study of the relative bioavailability of the oral form of lanatoside C revealed that the drug has a low and irregular bioavailability making use of this frequently prescribed drug non-rational. The above data definitely contributed to a sharp decrease in the use of the oral form of lanatoside C in our country, which is in agreement with consumption trends in other European countries. However, the use of only drug forms with a good bioavailability is one aspect of new approaches applied in pharmacotherapy with cardiac glycosides resulting in gradual decrease of their consumption as a pharmacological group. Clinical pharmacological evaluation of individual drug forms and postgraduate education in clinical pharmacology of cardiac glycosides contribute significantly--apart from other regulatory measures--to a more rational use of cardiac glycosides in Czechoslovakia.

Biological Availability↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The significance of an increased protein and fat content in the food ration of rats for the development of stable alloxan diabetes].

An effective model of stable and prolonged alloxan diabetes in rats was described. For this purpose the rats were kept on a synthetic diet with the increased level of proteins and lipids during 1-2 mos. before i.v. injection of alloxan at a dose of 35-40 mg/kg with subsequent feeding by this ration during all the time of the experiment. This model of experimental diabetes ensures a high level of hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia as well as a high titer of activity of the diabetogenic factor, to the same extent, as in rats kept on the common laboratory ration.

Alloxan↗
PubMed1989

[The results of provisions for the rational use of antimicrobial drugs--survey in a regional polyclinic].

The author discusses the effect of provisions for the rational use of antimicrobial drugs, issued at the end of 1986. He draws attention to the reduced frequency of antimicrobial treatment in the first half of 1987 in surgeries of the territorial polyclinic, as compared with the same period in 1985. The decline is significant even after standardization with regard to the more favourable epidemiological situation in 1987, as compared with 1985. The author also draws attention to the significant rise of the number of microbiological examinations in conjunction with antimicrobial treatment. He evaluates the general decline of consumption of antimicrobial drugs by 30% in the catchment area of the polyclinic and the altered structure of prescribed antimicrobial drugs. The results of the work, which has the character of a pilot study, indicate the favourable effect of the mentioned provisions for the rational treatment with antimicrobial drugs.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1978

[Physiopathological bases for a rational therapy of gout].

Rational therapy of gout must be correlated with the two basic aetiopathogenetic factors, i.e. metabolic error and the inflammatory dysreactive moment. Due to its different action mechanism, the former is responsible for the typing of adult primary hyperuricaemia: a) hyperincorporating and hyperescretory forms; b) normo-incorporating and relatively or absolutely hypoexcretory forms; c) hyperincorporating and hyposcretory forms. It would be a mistake to treat the condition chemically without knowing the physiopathology of the metabolic error. On the basis of a preliminary typing assessment, rational chemical correction of the metabolic error in gout cases can be achieved with drugs that block the enhanced endogenous synthesis of uric acid (allopurinol, etc.) or correct the metabolite renal excretion defect. Therapy of the dysreactive-inflammatory component should involve non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs. The disadvantages of using cortisones in gout treatment are stressed.

Allopurinol↗
PubMed1986

[Magnesium in the blood and urine of cows during various stages of the reproductive interval being fed summer and winter feed rations].

Magnesium concentration was investigated in the blood plasma and urine of 3460 cows in the course of four green-feeding seasons and four winter feeding seasons in 1980 to 1984. A decrease in the magnesium content in blood plasma was found to intensify in the last six weeks of gravidity. In the first stage of lactation the magnesium concentrations of plasma begin to grow to reach a relative maximum in the cows in the second stage of lactation. These regularities apply to both the summer and winter feeding seasons. The magnesium content in urine has a similar pattern. The summer values of the magnesiemia of whole cow populations are significantly higher than the winter values. Tendencies to lower magnesium concentrations generally prevail in both blood plasma and urine; these tendencies are most conspicuous in the cows in the last six weeks to parturition. As a rule, the concentrations of magnesium in urine were lower in summer than in the season of winter feed rations. As for the contents of the blood plasma magnesium of the cow populations as well as individual cows, there are considerable differences between various stages but the trends are the same in all groups. In the green feeding season the range of fluctuation of the magnesiemia values is larger than in the winter feeding season. The same tendency of changes in individual groups was also recorded in the magnesium concentrations in the urine of cows in different stages. However, the direction of the changes did not always correspond to the direction of the changes in the blood plasma. A practical requirement has been derived from the results of the study that magnesium contents should be increased in the feed rations given to high-pregnant cows and cows in the first lactation.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1986

[Urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid levels in dairy cows during lead loading from feed rations under normal conditions of rearing in the Western Slovakia Region].

The concentration of delta-amino levulinic acid (ALA) was determined in the urine of clinically healthy cows of 14 herds in the West-Slovakian region. The content of lead was determined at the same time in the components of feed rations. The ALA concentration values were converted to values per uniform specific weight of urine and per gram of secreted creatinine to match literary sources where the ALA concentration is given in these two quantities. The approximate intake of lead by the animal bodies in milligrams per head/day and per kg of live weight was calculated from lead content in feed rations. The average ALA concentration in the urine of dairy cows was 42.7 +/- 20.2 mu mol per 1 of urine (36.8 +/- 18.7 mu mol per g of creatinine), the average lead intake from feed being 0.157 mg per kg of live weight. The ALA concentrations in urine refer to animals given normal feeds with no lead contamination and as such can be considered as physiological values. Statistically significant correlations were recorded between ALA concentrations per litre of urine at the uniform specific weight of 1030 g per litre and the values converted per gram of secreted creatinine (r = 0.789). The upper biological tolerance limit of ALA concentration in urine (105.0 mu mol per litre) was determined by mathematico-statistical methods. Values above this limit could be indicative of an increased lead stress of the cows' bodies.

Aminolevulinic Acid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dietary services in the homes for the aged in the Ukraine and the ways of their rationalization].

On the basis of 7-day menu actual nutrition was studied in 39 old people's homes in the Ukrainian SSR in 1984-1985. The composition of the food rations was analyzed. It has been established that the nutrition in the old people's homes does not completely meet the requirements of the present-day science on nutrition for old age. High consumption of grain products, groats, maccaroni products and fats has been recorded along with insufficient consumption of vegetables, fruit, meat, fish and lactic acid products. The total amount of fat in the ration exceeds the values recommended more than by 60%; the level of simple carbohydrates is rather high, while that of animal protein is low. The authors have recommended a new balanced composition of products, meeting the current requirements of gerodietetics, enriched with food substances possessing geroprotective properties, that will promote normalization of metabolism in old subjects and prevention of age-dependent diseases.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[Changes in organ-specific enzymes under the influence of an enriched food ration in experimental cadmium poisoning].

During a 3-month experiment is studied the effect of enriched with iron, calcium, phosphorous and vitamin D2 food ration on the changes in the organospecific enzymes in everyday introduction in the organism of experimental animals of cadmium sulfate in dose 1/40 LD50 (7 mg/kg-1). The serum activity of GOT and GPT is traced in dynamics at the end of the first, second and third month, as well as the activity of gamma-GT, LAP and APh in homogenates of liver and kidneys. The changes established in most of the experimental groups and the dates of observation show an increase in the serum and tissue activity of the examined enzymes (GOT, GPT, LAP). The tissue activity of gamma-GT and the quantity of free sulfhydryl groups are decreased in some of the dates of observation (I and III month). Both the isolated effect of cadmium and enriched food ration and their combined effect are discussed.

Animals↗