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Results for “RADIATION PROTECTION”

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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Drug combination against single drug treatment in radiation protection of the bone marrow CFU.

The ability of WR-2721 to protect normal tissues against ionizing radiation is limited at its maximum protective dose owing to the toxicity of the drug per se. Previous studies had indicated that MPG (2-mercaptopropionylglycine) neutralizes to some extent the toxic effects of WR-2721 without impairing the protective efficiency. The effectiveness of two doses of WR-2721 (300 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg body weight) alone or in combination with an optimal dose (20 mg/kg body weight) of MPG, on the mouse bone marrow was studied by the exogenous spleen colony assay (CFU-s) after a single whole body exposure to 4.5 Gy of gamma radiation. Both the drugs individually increased the number of spleen colonies significantly above that of the irradiated control indicating higher stem cell survival. WR-2721 treatment gave better protection than MPG. MPG was more effective when administered within 5 min before or after irradiation than when given 30 to 25 min before irradiation. The combination of WR-2721, at either dose, with 20 mg/kg MPG gave an increase in the stem cell survival as compared to the single drug treatments and this effect was synergistic at 300 mg/kg WR-2721. MPG treatment within 5 min after irradiation produced a slightly higher CFU-s count than when the drug was injected before irradiation, though the difference was not statistically significant. It is concluded that in addition to the doses of the drug, the time of administration also could influence the effect of drug combinations.

Amifostine↗
PubMed2000

Radiation protection by cysteamine against the lethal effects of intracellularly localized Auger electron, alpha- and beta-particle emitting radionuclides.

The mechanisms by which DNA-incorporated radionuclides impart lethal damage to mammalian cells were investigated by examining the capacity of cysteamine (MEA) to protect against lethal damage to V79 cells caused by unbound tritium (3H2O), DNA-incorporated 131/125I-iododeoxyuridine (IdU) and the alpha-particle emitter 210Po-citrate. Radiolabeled cells were maintained at 10.5 degrees C for 72 h in the absence or presence of MEA (0.65-2.6 mM) and the surviving fraction was determined. Protection against lethal damage caused by 3H2O, 131IdU or 125IdU and 210Po-citrate depended on the concentration of MEA with maximum protection at 1.3-1.9 mM. The dose modification factors obtained at 1.3 mM for the radiochemicals were 2.5 +/- 0.3, 1.8 +/- 0.2, 1.7 +/- 0.1 and 1.4 +/- 0.1, respectively. MEA provides more protection against indirect than direct effects of ionizing radiation, and indirect effects play a role in the radiotoxicity of Auger electron emitters incorporated into the DNA of mammalian cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Clothing as solar radiation protection.

The sun is essential for life. Yet, sunlight can also be a source of such deleterious effects as sunburn, and suntanning, as well as premalignant and malignant lesions. These may all occur in individuals with normal responses to sunlight. In addition, there exist a variety of 'abnormal' photosensitivity responses to sunlight that may result from either endogenous imbalances (e.g. the porphyrias) or from added exogenous factors (e.g. drug photosensitivity). The 'normal' responses to sunlight, by and large, are produced preferentially by UVB (290-320 nm), with minor contribution by UVA (320-400 nm) wavelengths. In contrast, the 'abnormal' photosensitivity responses are, for the most part, elicited predominantly by long UVA and, in some cases, visible light. In the last 20 years or so, considerable attention has been paid to the use of fabrics as photoprotective materials. The vast majority of work in this area has been concerned with fabric protection against sunburn. In addition to in vivo measurement of fabric SPF, in vitro evaluation of fabric UPF has been carried out in numerous laboratories around the world. The UPF is estimated from the wavelength-dependent transmission of the fabric, the solar UV spectrum and the erythemal action spectrum over the wavelength region 290-400 nm. Depending on the fabric, UPF values range from 2 to several thousand. More recently, it has become clear that such environmental influences as laundering, solarization, humidity, wetting and degree of stretching may play a major role in fabric protection. Protection also may be altered by addition of dyes, UV absorbers and fluorescent whitening agents. To date, there have been relatively few studies of fabric protection for endpoints other than sunburn erythema. Yet, many fabrics that provide good protection against sunburn may provide inadequate protection against photosensitization by intrinsic or extrinsic absorbing molecules or against (pre)malignant lesions. Future work should explicity address the efficacy of protective fabrics against photosensitivity diseases that are activated by long UVA or visible wavelengths.

Dermatitis, Phototoxic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Radiation-protective effectiveness of ATP and adenosine against high-energy protons].

The radioprotective effect of ATP and adenosine was investigated on CBA and C57Bl mice hybrids F1 irradiated with 9 GeV protons. The prophylactic treatment of the animals with ATP at a dose of 350-700 mg/kg increased their survival to 63-80% for LD78-83/30 (7.5-8.0 Gy) and to 40% for LD96/30 (8.5 Gy). The administration of adenosine at a dose of 340 mg/kg, equimolar to 700 mg/kg ATP, increased their survival to 93-100% and 73%, respectively. It was found that ATP produced a favorable effect on the hemopoiesis of irradiated mice.

Adenosine↗
PubMed2005

21st century challenges in radiation protection and shielding: draft 2005 recommendations of ICRP.

The International Commission on Radiological Protection regularly examines the status of its recommendations and reviews the increasing knowledge of the effects of exposure to ionising radiation in order to decide whether new recommendations are needed. The Commission strives to make its system more coherent and comprehensible, while recognising the need for stability in international and national regulations, many of which have, only fairly recently, implemented the 1990 Recommendations. However, new scientific data have been produced since 1990 and there have been societal developments in that more openness or transparency is expected in developing new recommendations and, in addition, there has been a move from the utilitarian approach of 'the greatest good for the greatest number', to one with more concern for the 'individual', all of which have inevitably led to some changes in the formulation of the recommendations. This paper outlines the proposals for the 2005 Recommendations.

Guidelines as Topic↗