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Personality characteristics of physically impaired adolescents.

Investigated MMPI profile differences between disabled and nondisabled (normals). Comparison of mean raw scores on the MMPI was made by t-tests. A preliminary analysis that compared adolescents with congenital versus traumatic impairment yielded only one significant finding: Scale O (Si) (p is less than .05) for females with congenital impairment. Subsequently, after the congenital and traumatic groups for each sex were combined, t-tests were computed on mean raw scores of the MMPI for each scale between the disabled and nondisabled adolescent groups. The profile patterns of the disabled groups for both sexes were similar; however, the male disabled adolescents had significantly higher scores on Scales 1, 2, 5, 8 and 9, while the disabled female adolescents had significantly higher scores on Scales F, 1, 6, 7, 8 and 9. Inspection of the profiles revealed minimal sex differences among the disabled groups. It was suggested that the common factor of moderate to severe chronic physical impairment may serve to reduce normative sex differences in personality development at least as reflected by the MMPI.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

Pubertal arrest associated with valproic acid therapy.

Valproic acid has previously been demonstrated to decrease the secretion of multiple pituitary hormones; however, clinical symptoms associated with decreased hormone secretion have not been described. A girl is reported with complex partial seizures who was treated with valproic acid from age 10 years, 7 months to 12 years, 1 month and during this time had an arrest of both growth and secondary sexual development. Two months after discontinuing valproic acid she had resumption of both pubertal growth and maturation. A prospective controlled study is needed to determine more precisely the effects of valproic acid on growth and development.

Body Height↗

Rethinking child sexual abuse: an anthropological perspective.

Beliefs about child sexual abuse in the United States are examined from an evolutionary, cross-cultural, and developmental perspective. The lack of theoretical consensus in the field is noted and its effects evaluated. Recommendations regarding development of interdisciplinary professional standards and protocols are presented.

Adolescent↗

Some theoretical and technical aspects of gender and social reality in clinical psychoanalysis.

Since the social order embodies and authorizes ideals of femininity and masculinity, a psychoanalysis of gender entails decisions as to how social reality figures in the clinical situation. This paper approaches social reality as part of a general problem of neurosis, in which all versions of normality are analyzed as aspects of resistance. What such an approach emphasizes about social ideals is their role in a psychopathology of conformity, which constitutes a stage in the development of neurosis.

Adult↗

Sexual integration in female adolescence. Anne Frank's diary as a study in healthy development.

The growing acceptance of the concept of primary femininity suggests inquiry into the process through which adolescents girls integrate their rapidly developing, specifically female sexual capacities. A review of classic observations makes it apparent that, in heterosexual adolescence, the girl comes to terms with her fertility and increasing sexual excitement and with intensified wishes both to draw the opposite sex to herself and to be penetrated by the male. A discussion of these issues provides an interpretive matrix for an examination of themes of female adolescent sexual development in Anne Frank's The Diary of a Young Girl.

Adolescent↗

Masters of the universe: children's toys as reflections on contemporary psychoanalytic theory.

The emergence of contemporary object relations theory and self psychology as potent theoretical forces has led to rich discussion with far-reaching implications for clinical, developmental, and metapsychological theory. This article examines these developments using as a medium the Masters of the Universe figures and stories, which have captured the imaginations of a broad spectrum of phallic-oedipal and oedipal-aged children. A series of interrelated theoretical questions will be discussed: (1) the nature and character of aggressive drives and whether these are innate and instinctual or disintegration products secondary to emphatic failure; (2) the extent of internalization of mental representations at this point in development; and (3) the status of Kohut's "grandiose self" and "idealized object" vis-à-vis traditional perspectives on phallic-oedipal and oedipal development.

Aggression↗

Sexuality in children and adolescents with disabilities.

This review presents a discussion of the sexual development of children and adolescents with disabilities, described in the framework of body structure and function, individual activities, and societal perspectives presented in the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Issues of sexual development, gynecological care and contraception, sexual functioning, societal barriers, sexual victimization, and sexuality education are presented. Overall, adolescents with disabilities seem to be participating in sexual relationships without adequate knowledge and skills to keep them healthy, safe, and satisfied. Although their sexual development may be hindered both by functional limitations and by intentional or unintentional societal barriers, the formal and informal opportunities for teenagers with disabilities to develop into sexually expressive and fulfilled persons do exist. Health care providers are urged to increase their awareness of this unmet need and to implement strategies that promote the physical, emotional, social, and psychosexual independence of children, teenagers, and young adults with disabilities.

Adolescent↗

Developmental considerations of anorexia nervosa and obesity.

The differentiation of the distinct clinical syndrome of anorexia nervosa from atypical cases is based on the following distinguishing features: a relentless pursuit of thinness; an almost delusional disturbance of body image; an inability to correctly identify hunger from other bodily or tension states; a lack of an identity awareness; and a paralyzing sense of ineffectiveness. This sense of ineffectiveness, pervasive of all thought and action, is connected with the perception of the self as acting only in response to the demands of others and is camouflaged by negativism and defiance. The core developmental issues of being unable to experience the control over one's own body and of lacking the conviction of living one's own life are based on the severe deficits in autonomy and initiative, originating from the distortion and mislabeling of feelings, sensation and moods in early childhood. The treatment process focuses on evoking awareness in these patients of their impulses, feelings and needs as originating within themselves as an essential step in the development of a sense of competence and self-esteem.

Adolescent↗

46,XX patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: initial assignment as male, reassigned female.

Six 46,XX patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) presented with genital ambiguity, five so severe that initial gender assignment was male. Once diagnosis was realized, parents were involved in evaluation and chose sex re-assignment as female. To date, these girls and their parents all indicate satisfaction with their decision for a female sex of rearing. The girls have a female gender identity with behavior characteristics known for females with CAH. Thus, while outcome is satisfactory, it is realized that for most, expression of sexual orientation and adult life adjustments have not yet occurred.

Adolescent↗