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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Factors affecting the determination of drugs and endogenous low molecular mass compounds in human serum by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with direct sample injection.

Factors influencing the establishment of an analytical window in front of the solubilized proteins in micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) with direct serum injection (DSI) are discussed. Both drugs and endogenous low molecular mass compounds eluting within the analytical window are identified concurrently by multi-wavelength absorption detection. Variables such as the concentration of the micelle forming substance, ionic strength, applied voltage, initial sample zone length, capillary length, selected buffer additives, insufficient renewal of the buffer in the anodic buffer vial and sample matrix are shown to impact MECC of endogenous compounds and model drugs, such as antiepileptics. For two drugs eluting within the analytical window, phenobarbital and ethosuximide, serum levels determined by DSI with external calibration are shown to compare well with levels obtained after liquid-liquid extraction and internal calibration (use of an internal standard). In addition, reproducibility of both assays is excellent. The limit of employing DSI is demonstrated with the determination of the hydrophobic drug phenytoin. Using an automated, commercial instrument and naproxen as model drug, high-speed MECC separations of high reproducibility and with a throughput of 12-15 samples per h are presented.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1981

GC and GC-mass spectrometric determination of p-hydroxyphenobarbital extracted from plasma, urine, and hepatic microsomes.

Analytical methodology was developed for the quantitation of p-hydroxyphenobarbital extracted from plasma, urine, and hepatic microsomes. p-Hydroxyphenobarbital was derivatized with an appropriate n-alkyl iodide in the presence of a methanolic base in aprotic solvent medium. The peralkylated derivatives were stable indefinitely and were quantitated by the sensitive and selective method of GC nitrogen-selective detection and/or selected ion monitoring. The accuracy, precision, and cross verification of all methods were good. The analysis was subsequently used to study the effects of other drugs on phenobarbital biodisposition.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Simultaneous determination of phenytoin and dextromethorphan in urine by solid-phase extraction and HPLC-DAD.

A rapid and simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method with photodiode array detection was developed for the separation and the simultaneous determination of phenytoin and dextromethorphan in human urine. Analysis was performed in less than 4.5 min in isocratic mode on a reversed-phase C18 column (5 microm; 150 x 4.6 mm) using a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile-buffer phosphate 0.01 M (60:40, v/v) adjusted to pH 6.0, at 1 mL/min flow rate and UV absorbance at 210 nm. The elution order of analytes was dextromethorphan (DXM), Internal Standard (IS), and phenytoin (PHT). Calibration curves were linear in the 7.5-25 microg/mL range for PHT and in the 10-30 microg/mL range for DXM. Spike recoveries for urine samples prepared at three spiking levels ranged from 97.8 to 102.3% for PHT and from 94.8 to 100.4% for DXM. The detection limit (LOD) values ranged from 0.08 microg/mL for PHT to 0.5 microg/mL for DXM. The quantitation limit (LOQ) values ranged from 0.3 microg/mL for PHT to 1.6 microg/mL for DXM. The sample preparation method involves a rapid and simple procedure based on solid-phase extraction using a C18 reversed-phase column. Validation of the optimised method was carried out according to the ICH guidelines. The method developed in this study allows the reliable simultaneous analysis of PHT and DXM, drugs that were never quantified together in previously reported analytical methods. The described method has the advantage of being rapid and easy and it could be applied in therapeutic monitoring of these drugs in human urine of epileptic patients.

Anticonvulsants↗