SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Personality Development”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

Congruence between nursing education and nursing service: a common conceptual/theoretic framework for nursing units.

The results of the incorporation of a conceptual/theoretic framework in this nursing service setting have been an improvement in the service to consumers of nursing, an effective restructuring of the environment of the health care agency advantageous for the client and for nursing staff, and the differentiation of practice roles according to education, experiences, and client needs. It has fostered understanding, acceptance, and support of the contribution of theory development and nursing research to nursing and health care. It brought together nurse leaders in education and service to the benefit of both and with maximum benefit to the consumer of nursing services. The specification of the philosophy, outcome behaviors, and conceptual/theoretic frameworks has allowed nurses to have control over nursing. It has incorporated nurses in setting the pace for the future of nursing practice, promoted the development of peer activity and review, and demonstrated how nursing can make a difference. The benefit for the nurse includes increased job satisfaction, enhanced professional and personal development, increased self-esteem, and the realization that the service of nursing is a valued and valuable service to consumers. Promotion of the image of the nurse was another outcome, as was the realization that nurse educators and nurse supervisors share common goals. The timeframe may be different in that educators see a finished product years ahead while nurse supervisors see client outcomes on a daily basis. The gap between these two efforts is bridged by the use of common conceptual/theoretic frameworks for the design and administration of both the nursing education and nursing service units.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Consultants↗

PubMed1980

Father psychological absence and heterosexual behavior, personal adjustment and sex-typing in adolescent girls.

Until recently, research efforts have neglected the father as a significant influence on female personality development. This study proposed that the psychological absence of the father is related to a greater frequency and extent of heterosexual behaviors, increased anxiety as a personality trait and increased anxiety in a dating situation. A positive psychological presence of the father was hypothesized to correlate with androgyny in adolescent females. Measures of perceived parental behavior, extent and frequency of heterosexual behaviors, manifest anxiety and sex-role identification were obtained from 160 single female college students. Results indicated a significant relationship between father psychological absence and a greater extent and frequency of heterosexual behaviors. Father psychologically absent girls also exhibited greater manifest anxiety as a personality trait and in a dating situation. Significant correlations between androgyny and a positive father-daughter relationship were not found. Also reported were additional findings relating several variables to self-rating of attractiveness.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

Metabolic bone disease in patients receiving long-term total parenteral nutrition.

We have prospectively investigated calcium and bone metabolism in 16 patients receiving total parenteral nutrition for periods ranging from 7 to 89 months. In 12 patients, bone biopsies at 6 to 73 months after the start of parenteral nutrition showed osteomalacia. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were normal in all patients. Seven persons developed hypercalcemia, and 10 had hypercalciuria with a negative calcium balance. Serum phosphorus was normal and plasma parathyroid hormone level, normal or decreased. Three patients with the severest form of the disease had vitamin D withdrawn from their solutions. Subsequently, urinary calcium decreased, and serum calcium became normal; two persons reverted to a positive calcium balance. Thus, patients receiving total parenteral nutrition may develop metabolic bone disease characterized by osteomalacia, hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and a negative calcium balance. This may be caused by both defective mineralization and increased bone resorption induced by vitamin D, its metabolites, or another unrecognized factor.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Women in psychiatry: a review.

Throughout the world, psychiatry is in a period of accelerated transition. In each nation the role of women in psychiatry, and the role of psychiatry in the lives of women, reflect one aspect of the development of egalitarianism. Women psychiatrists have perennially been confronted with conflicts between their professional and private life responsibilities. Internationally, the external and internal factors that prohibit or limit women's personal development and vocational participation are being scrutinized. American psychiatry is proving to be a pioneer among medical specialities in this area.

Career Choice↗

PubMed2001

Children's play.

This paper draws upon research from a number of disciplines to examine the significance of children's play. It concludes that play may well be central to normal personality development. However, its place in contemporary Western society is not secure, perhaps risking the development and well-being of urban and disadvantaged children in particular.

Child↗

PubMed1994

Impaired attention, genetics, and the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

Impaired attention is commonly observed among schizophrenia patients and those at genetic risk for the disease. This article reviews over 40 studies that used various versions of the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) as the primary measure of attention. These studies of normal subjects, affected patients, and various at-risk populations demonstrate that the CPT is a psychometrically sound procedure that consistently discriminates affected patients from controls. Sufficiently difficult versions of this task have also demonstrated that impaired attention is (1) evident in schizophrenia patients regardless of clinical state, (2) detectable before illness onset, (3) apparently heritable, (4) specific--in terms of distinct profile patterns--to schizophrenia, and (5) predictive of later behavioral disturbances in susceptible individuals. Selected studies are also discussed that examine the role of attentional deficit in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and its potential consequences for personality development. With respect to pathophysiology, preliminary data suggest that subcortical brain dysfunction has an important role in the attentional deficits tapped by the CPT. With respect to personality, an association between chronically impaired attention and deficient social skills has been found. It is concluded that the CPT is a cost-effective measure of the attentional deficit commonly found in affected schizophrenia subjects and those at risk for the disorder, and is therefore a potentially valuable screening device for preventive intervention programs.

Attention↗

PubMed1993

Student-faculty informal interaction and the effect on college student outcomes: a review of the literature.

Review of the literature synthesizes research on the informal interaction of college students and faculty. The role of student-faculty interaction is discussed with regard to effect on students' academic achievement, satisfaction with college, intellectual and personal development, persistence and attrition, and career and educational aspiration. Research supports the important socializing role of faculty in the college experience. Characteristics of the most interacting faculty personalities that interact most are given along with the classroom atmospheres most conducive to informal interaction. A review of research methodology for college student outcomes is presented.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Malaria anticircumsporozoite antibodies in Dutch soldiers returning from sub-Saharan Africa.

One hundred and twenty-five Dutch servicemen returning from central Africa after a short deployment were enrolled in a study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of malaria prevention measures. None of the persons developed an episode of clinically overt malaria during or after deployment, and no antibodies against blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum could be found. However, antibodies against the circumsporozoite protein (CS) of P. falciparum were demonstrable in 14 persons (11.2% of the study population) by an ELISA test using the recombinant CS-antigen R32tet32, while one person only was positive in an IFA test based on schizonts of P. fieldi as antigen. We concluded that the anti-CS-positive servicemen were probably bitten by mosquitoes carrying P. falciparum parasites while the IFA-positive person was possibly infected by P. vivax, P. ovale or P. malariae parasites. There was no significant association between the different antimalaria preventive measures and the development of anti-CS antibodies. Therefore mefloquine prophylaxis as the single most widely used preventive measure in this group of servicemen was possibly a major contributing factor in averting development of overt malaria.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Job interview training for the mentally retarded: issues and applications.

Vocational training has long been a major part of habilitation programs for mentally retarded adults. However, even after retarded persons develop work habits and skills, they may be unable to convince potential employers of their vocational competence. The present article discusses the rationale for systematically teaching mentally retarded persons job interview and other job finding skills, and reviews applied job interview training research with mentally retarded clients and other low functioning populations. Implementation of training techniques is also discussed.

Employment↗

PubMed2007

Prevalence and long-term natural course of retinoschisis among elderly individuals: the Copenhagen City Eye Study.

PURPOSE: To characterize the prevalence and natural course of retinoschisis in a 14-year follow-up study. DESIGN: Population-based cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: Nine hundred forty-six residents, aged 60 to 80 years, living in the Østerbro district of Copenhagen, participated in the prevalence study from 1986 to 1988. Excluding participants who died since baseline, 359 persons (97.3% of survivors) were reexamined after 14 years from 2000 to 2002. Of the 946 participants, 35 persons had prevalent retinoschisis in 1 or both eyes at baseline and 15 of these persons were alive at follow-up. METHODS: Participants underwent an extensive ophthalmologic examination at Rigshospitalet, the National University Hospital of Copenhagen. Standardized protocols for the ophthalmologic examination included retinal evaluation by use of Goldmann's 3-mirror contact lens and ultrasonic B-scan of the retina. Data for the 20 persons who died were obtained from the National Patient Register and the National Central Person Register. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The prevalence, presence, disappearance, and progression of peripheral retinoschisis over a period of 14 years. RESULTS: The age-standardized prevalence of retinoschisis was 3.9% (95% confidence interval, 2.6-5.2) in persons aged 60 to 80 years. Gender and increasing age at baseline were not associated with the presence of retinoschisis. The retinal quadrant of maximal involvement was the inferior temporal (44.4%). One case of symptomatic progressive retinal detachment occurred during follow-up (2.2%). This was preceded by cataract surgery. Four persons developed retinoschisis in the contralateral eye during follow-up; therefore, the incidence of retinoschisis was 16% and bilaterality was 57.1% at follow-up. However, in 14 persons (73.7%) the retinoschisis remained unchanged. The disappearance rate was 8.8% (n = 4). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that senile retinoschisis primarily is bilateral, asymptomatic, and nonprogressive and should not be treated routinely. Cataract extraction is a possible risk factor for progressive retinal detachment.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of student participation in international study.

Comparative Nursing in England and France is taught at the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh every winter interim, usually departing shortly after Christmas and returning the second week in January. A convenience sample of 38 nursing alumni who have completed the same 2-week international study tour during the past 5 years completed the International Education Survey (IES) developed at the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire School of Nursing. The IES examines the impact of the international experience on the professional nurse role, international perspectives, personal development, and intellectual development.

Curriculum↗

PubMed1998

A system for maintaining the educational and training standards of junior doctors.

The development of junior doctors' competence is complex because the hospital environment in which doctors work places many demands on them. The need for quality education and training and personal development may be in direct conflict with the service commitments required from hospitals. This paper describes the methods by which the Postgraduate Medical. Council of New South Wales, Australia, addresses the needs of junior doctors in the state in order to improve the quality of their education. Key elements of the Council's function include the provision of hospital clinical supervisors who oversee junior doctor education and training, and central involvement in supplying the junior doctor workforce to all state hospitals who must meet defined accreditation standards. This paper also provides data on evaluation of those methods and some educational outcomes.

Education, Medical, Graduate↗

PubMed1991

Protection provided by hepatitis B vaccine in a Yupik Eskimo population. Seven-year results.

The long-term immunogenicity and protection provided by a plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine (Heptavax B) was determined in a cohort of susceptible persons immunized in 1981. In this study 1581 susceptible persons were immunized with the recommended three-dose regimen of hepatitis B vaccine. After 7 years, 74% of vaccinees retained antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) levels of 10 mIU/mL or more. Anti-HBs levels at 7 years varied inversely with age and directly with the level of anti-HBs attained 1 year after the first dose. During the 7 years after the first dose of vaccine, five vaccine responders and three other persons developed antibody to hepatitis B core antigen and their level of anti-HBs increased. None developed detectable hepatitis B surface antigen or clinical hepatitis. This update of an ongoing study continues to suggest that the risk of hepatitis B virus infection to most persons with an initial anti-HBs response to hepatitis B virus vaccine of 10 mIU/mL or greater is low, regardless of the initial antibody level.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Development and preservation of locomotor ability in the aged].

For maintaining and developing motor mobility in old age motor activity is essential. We can take from the phylogenesis and ontogenesis of the human being how important physical activity is for personality development and for maintaining physical fitness in old age. Many phenomena, which have so far been thought to be due to natural consequences of the ageing process, can now be traced back to lack of physical activity. These findings are illustrated by examples referring to the most important subsystems of our organism (such as the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system etc.). To keep these subsystems and with them our organism as a whole functioning as well as possible, we must improve their specific adaptability through sports and exercise. Sports and exercise for the elderly as well as gymnastics for senior citizens should therefore adequately improve coordinative skills, the ability of the muscles to relax, joint flexibility, muscle strength, endurance, vegetative adaptability , stress tolerance, controlling body-weight, and resistance to infections. Training plans for the elderly should include as wide a range of abilities and skills and as great a variety of activities as possible. In this way physical activity will be most efficient as a means of prophylaxis against premature deterioration of motor performance in old age, it will maintain motor mobility, which enables us to lead an independent life. By gaining new experience older people will increase their well-being and improve the quality of their life.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Religious life of schizophrenics.

We inquired into the religious beliefs and practices of groups of schizophrenic and normal subjects. In addition, we evaluated their parents' methods of rearing the subjects. We found that, in the schizophrenic's home, the religious emphasis was limited and based on obligation and threat, and that the father had less of a religious commitment than the mother. Concerning personal development, the schizophrenic's mother was seen as more domineering than the emotionally and geographically absent father. The schizophrenic saw his religious and developmental upbringing as lacking in nurture and paternal participation. The schizophrenic himself seldom indulged in personal religious practices.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Self-esteem, personality and achievement in high school: a prospective longitudinal study in Texas.

This research explored four empirical questions: (1) Is self-esteem a better predictor of academic success and adjustment than other aspects of personality? (2) How is self-esteem related to Big-Five dimensions of personality during the transition from middle school to high school? (3) Do dispositions like Agreeableness or Openness relate to an adolescent's adaptation and affect reactions to the self? and (4) Do sources of information about adolescents (e.g., self-rating, other rating, objective "life history") converge? We also explored the general hypothesis that personality, self-esteem, and teachers' ratings of adjustment during the middle school years predict later life outcomes during high school. Overall, results indicate Big-Five personality characteristics were more stable than self-esteem across this transition period. Agreeableness and Openness assessed in middle school are related to later scholastic competence and behavioral conduct, academic success, and adjustment in high school. Results were discussed in terms of personality development and self-evaluation.

Achievement↗

PubMed2001

Computer-assisted visualization of arteriovenous malformations on the home personal computer.

OBJECTIVE: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are difficult lesions to treat, partly because it is difficult to formulate a three-dimensional mental image of the nidus and its supplying arteries, draining veins, and arteries of passage. Our purpose is to develop personal computer software that allows better visualization of complex, three-dimensional, connected vascular anatomy for surgical planning. METHODS: Vessels are defined from magnetic resonance angiograms and are symbolically linked to form vascular trees. The nidus of the AVM is also defined by magnetic resonance angiography. These representations of the nidus and vasculature can be viewed together in a software program that allows the user to color-code groups of vessels or to selectively turn connected groups of vessels "off" to avoid obscuring the part of the image that the user wants to observe. Structures can be viewed from any angle. The vessels can also be shown intersecting any magnetic resonance angiogram slice or superimposed upon digital subtraction angiograms obtained from the same patient. RESULTS: We report results from two patients with AVMs in which our representations were compared with the findings during surgery. Our three-dimensional vascular trees correctly depicted the relationship of the nidus to feeding vessels in three dimensions. We show findings in an additional, unoperated patient for whom vessel trees were created from three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography data and compared with a volume rendering of the original data set. CONCLUSION: Computer-assisted, three-dimensional visualizations of complex vascular anatomy can be helpful in planning the surgical excision of AVMs. Software programs that produce these images can provide important information that is difficult to obtain by traditional techniques. This imaging method is also applicable to guidance of endovascular procedures and removal of complex tumors.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗

PubMed2001

A virtual therapeutic environment with user projective agents.

Today, we see the Internet as more than just an information infrastructure, but a socializing place and a safe outlet of inner feelings. Many personalities develop aside from real world life due to its anonymous environment. Virtual world interactions are bringing about new psychological illnesses ranging from netaddiction to technostress, as well as online personality disorders and conflicts in multiple identities that exist in the virtual world. Presently, there are no standard therapy models for the virtual environment. There are very few therapeutic environments, or tools especially made for virtual therapeutic environments. The goal of our research is to provide the therapy model and middleware tools for psychologists to use in virtual therapeutic environments. We propose the Cyber Therapy Model, and Projective Agents, a tool used in the therapeutic environment. To evaluate the effectiveness of the tool, we created a prototype system, called the Virtual Group Counseling System, which is a therapeutic environment that allows the user to participate in group counseling through the eyes of their Projective Agent. Projective Agents inherit the user's personality traits. During the virtual group counseling, the user's Projective Agent interacts and collaborates to recover and increase their psychological growth. The prototype system provides a simulation environment where psychologists can adjust the parameters and customize their own simulation environment. The model and tool is a first attempt toward simulating online personalities that may exist only online, and provide data for observation.

Behavior, Addictive↗