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PubMedDate not supplied

Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy utilizing a gamma detecting probe intraoperatively.

The most common pathologic finding in primary hyperparathyroidism is a single adenoma. Traditionally, all four glands have been explored during surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism. With the advent of accurate localizing diagnostic studies, such as the sestamibi scan, some surgeons are now recommending single-gland exploration. In addition, when a sestamibi scan is performed the day of surgery, a gamma detecting probe can be used intraoperatively to direct the dissection. Although an experienced surgeon will successfully locate the abnormal gland 95% of the time with the traditional approach, this new technique results in a smaller incision with better cosmetic results as well as decreased operative time. Our initial experience with eight cases utilizing this technique is presented.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

Minimally invasive radioguided parathyroidectomy.

The last decade has been characterized by an emphasis on minimizing interventional techniques, hospital stays, and overall costs of patient care. It is clear that most patients with sporadic HPT do not require a complete neck exploration. We now know that a minimal approach is appropriate for this disease. Importantly, the MIRP technique can be applied to most patients with sporadic HPT and can be performed by surgeons with modest advanced training. The use of a gamma probe as a surgical tool converts the sestamibi to a functional and anatomical scan eliminating the need for any other preoperative localizing study. Quantification of the radioactivity within the removed gland eliminates the need for routine frozen section histologic examination and obviates the need for costly intraoperative parathyroid hormone measurements. This radioguided technique allows the benefit of local anesthesia, dramatically reduces operative times, eliminates postoperative blood tests, provides a smaller scar, requires minimal time spent in the hospital, and almost assures a rapid, near pain-free recovery. This combination is beneficial to the patient whereas helping achieve a reduction in overall costs.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2000

[Results of parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism].

We have performed 16 operations on 14 patients with primary hyperparathyoidism caused by a solitary parathyroid adenoma in our department between 1st jan. 1990-31 dec. 1999. In each case bilateral neck exploration was carried out. As in one case it was located in ectopic neck position, in the other case papillocarcinoma of the thyroid gland and ectopic parathyroid adenoma in mediastinal position were present, primary hyperparathyroidism persisted, so reoperation was needed. Histological examination proved the presence of adenomin all cases. Diffuse hyperplasia and parathyroid cancer did not occur. Before operation all patients underwent US and seven of them had radionuclide scintigraphy. CT scan aided in its localization with four patients. We did not make use of invasive methods, after the first operation 12 patients showed normal S-Ca levels very quickly. In two cases this level was too high after the operation and reoperation was necessary which resulted in normal Ca levels. Even though the number of our cases is rather modest, all the patients recovered. This may prove that we can successfully cure our patients of modern methods of diagnostics used for meticulous examination alongside with careful preparation of the patients by internal specialists are followed by the standard operative techniques available.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2002

Ambulatory radioguided parathyroidectomy.

Primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is a common disease that occurs in one of 500 women and one of 2,000 men over the age of 40. In 85% to 90% of patients, primary HPT is caused by a solitary parathyroid adenoma. Recent advances in evaluation and surgical management of HPT, including improved localization techniques and intraoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) monitoring, have permitted a more targeted approach to parathyroid surgery.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

The basis for the post-parathyroidectomy increase in bone mass.

The bone remodeling transient is a self-limited change in measurable bone mass, detectable by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or by calcium balance methods, which occurs whenever the skeleton undergoes a shift in bone remodeling activity from one steady state to another. Assessing the true effect on bone mass of therapy that alters remodeling requires both a period of observation long enough to characterize the new steady state and explicit provision for the transient. To help with such analysis, a multivariate computer model of the bone remodeling system has been developed and applied usefully to a variety of data sets describing the response to treatment. Because parathyroid hormone (PTH) is the principal determinant of the quantity of bone remodeling, it follows that efficacious treatment of hyperparathyroidism will produce a bone remodeling transient. Using published values for the level of bone remodeling activity in postmenopausal women with mild hyperparathyroidism, it can be calculated that successful treatment would produce an increase in measurable spine bone mineral density (BMD) of about 12% by 1 year after surgery. In more severe cases, with higher levels of remodeling, one-time BMD increases of more than 30% will occur. In general, it can be said that, in typical postmenopausal women, a doubling of remodeling rate in the hyperparathyroid state will, on successful treatment, produce a positive transient amounting to about 8% above the presurgery BMD level.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2003

Importance of radio-guided minimally invasive parathyroidectomy using hand-held gamma probe and low (99m)Tc-MIBI dose. Technical considerations and long-term clinical results.

AIM: (99m)Tc-MIBI radio-guided surgery results, obtained in a group of 141 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT), are reported. METHODS: All patients were preoperatively evaluated by a single day protocol based on double-tracer parathyroid scintigraphy and neck ultrasound, and then operated by the same surgical team. In 102 patients (72.3%) with a high scan/ultrasound probability of solitary parathyroid adenoma and normal thyroid gland, a minimally invasive radio-guided surgery was planned. In the other 39 patients (27.7%) with scan/ultrasound evidence of multi-glandular disease (n=8) or concomitant nodular goiter (n=31), the intraoperative gamma probe was used during a standard bilateral neck exploration. Intraoperative quick parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were routinely measured. The minimally invasive radio-guided surgery technique we developed, consisted of: a) injection of a low 37 MBq (99m)Tc-MIBI dose in the operative theatre during anaesthesia induction, b) patient's neck scan with a hand-held gamma probe just before the surgical cut to localize the cutaneous projection of the parathyroid adenoma, c) intraoperative probe detection of the parathyroid adenoma and its removal through a small 2-2.5 cm skin incision. RESULTS: Minimally invasive radio-guided surgery was successfully performed in 99/102 patients (97.0%). The gamma probe was particularly useful in patients with an ectopic parathyroid adenoma in the upper mediastinum (n=11) or to the carotid bifurcation (n=1) or located deep in the neck (n=8). Minimally invasive radio-guided surgery was also obtained in 18/23 patients who had previously undergone thyroid/parathyroid surgery. The mean operative time for minimally invasive radio-guided surgery was 38 min. No major surgical complication was recorded. Conversion to bilateral neck exploration was required in only 3 cases because of intra-operative diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma (n=2), and persistence of elevated quick PTH levels after removal of the preoperatively visualized parathyroid adenoma (n=1). Among patients treated by standard bilateral neck exploration, the gamma probe was useful in localizing a thymical enlarged parathyroid gland in 1 patient with multi-glandular disease, a parathyroid adenoma located deep in the neck in 4 patients with concomitant nodular goiter and an ectopic parathyroid adenoma to the carotid bifurcation in another. However, in some other patients with a parathyroid adenoma located near to the thyroid, it was difficult to intraoperatively distinguish the parathyroid adenoma from a MIBI avid thyroid nodule. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that: (a) in primary HPT patients with high scan/ultrasound probability of solitary parathyroid adenoma and normal thyroid gland, the gamma probe appears to be an effective, rapid and safe technique to perform minimally invasive radio-guided surgery; b) a (99m)Tc-MIBI dose as low as 37 MBq appears to be adequate to successfully perform radio-guided surgery; c) the measurement of quick PTH is recommended during minimally invasive radio-guided surgery; d) minimally invasive radio-guided surgery can be performed also in HPT patients with previous parathyroid/thyroid surgery thus limiting surgical trauma; e) with the possible exception of parathyroid adenoma located in ectopic sites or deep in the neck, the gamma probe technique does not seem recommendable in HPT patients with concomitant nodular goiter.

Adult↗