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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Chemotherapy of experimental Besnoitia besnoiti infection in rabbits.

Rabbits were infected with a bovine strain of Besnoitia besnoiti parasites derived from VERO cell cultures. Oxytetracycline, given at 30 mg/kg i.m. simultaneously with infection, prevented the development of orchitis. The controls received no treatment. All infected animals showed a transient febrile reaction. It is concluded that oxytetracycline has some therapeutic potential against Besnoitia besnoiti and that rabbits are suitable models for therapeutic trials.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in guinea-pigs with poly-L-lysine.

Poly-L-lysin (PLL) given subcutaneously in a dose of 3 mg/day suppresses experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in guinea-pigs. The suppressive effect of PLL can still be demonstrated when administration is begun 8 days post-immunization. The effect is disease- and species-specific since PLL (3 mg/day) does not suppress experimental allergic orchitis in guinea-pigs, nor does it suppress EAE in rats (1-5 mg/day). PLL (0-2 mg/day) does not decrease the severity of graft-versus-host disease (GVH) in mice as judged by the spleen/body weight assay.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Transfusion syphilis, survival of Treponema pallidum in donor blood. I. Report of an orientating study.

The influence of storage at 4 degrees C on the survival of Treponema pallidum in donor blood, artificially infected with treponemes of the virulent Nichols strain was studied. Rabbits were inoculated in each testis with 0.5 ml of the blood-treponeme mixture, containing 5 X 10(5) microorganisms/ml, which was stored for up to 336 h. Under these circumstances, the blood-treponeme mixture appeared to be infectious for up to 96 h of storage, based on the demonstration of T. pallidum and serological findings, using FTA-ABS, TPHA and VDRL tests. The two former tests were found to be equally sensitive in detecting incubating syphilis in the rabbits, the VDRL test was significantly slower in this respect. From the absence of orchitis as well as seroconversion in rabbits, inoculated with blood-treponeme mixtures stored for 120 h or longer periods of time, it is concluded that after 120 h of storage infectivity is lost. The presently found survival time of treponemes in blood between 96 and 120 h of storage is discussed in relation with survival times found by other investigators.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Ultrasonography of the testis--correlation with radiotracer perfusion.

Ultrasonic study of testicular disease and paratesticular masses was carried out in 20 cases. In eight of these, comparison was made with pertechnetate perfusion studies performed concurrently. Testicular torsion was well revealed by both techniques. Acute orchitis, in the early stages, was shown more clearly by radiotracer, unless there was associated epididymal swelling or hydrocele. Chronic complications of inflammation, particularly abscess formation, were seen best by ultrasonography. Paratesticular masses could be studied only by ultrasound. These included both solid and cystic masses due to chronic epididymitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Prevalence, testicular function and seminal parameters in men with sperm antibodies.

A prospective survey of 289 unselected men, attending a male infertility clinic (200 subjects) or as donors presenting for an artificial insemination programme (89 subjects) was performed. High titres of sperm agglutinating antibodies (greater than 1/32) were present only in a group of (6.5%) of infertile men but not in volunteer donors. Low titres occurred with similar frequencies (12%) in both groups. The sperm immobilizing antibody test was less sensitive and more specific but of no additional diagnostic benefit. Patients with high titres of sperm antibodies had evidence of testicular damage with decreased testicular volumes, elevated serum FSH and LH levels and reduced sperm density and motility whereas low titres were not associated with any testicular or seminal pathology. These data suggest a sub-group of infertile men have evidence of spermatogenic damage and impaired sperm function associated with high titres of sperm antibodies. Immunologic infertility in these men may reflect either an underlying autoimmune orchitis or a secondary immune reaction following testicular damage of various causes.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The epidemiology of bacterial infection of the genitalia in rams.

The interrelationship between the various bacteria isolated from the genital tract of rams and their host animals was studied. The pathogenicity of the different isolates varied. Several of these bacteria could be cultured in a medium consisting of a suspension of pen floor debris solidified with agar, while many organisms survived in the suspension for 10 days. Epidemiological investigations showed that rams kept under intensive systems were subjected to large-scale invasion of their genitalia by bacteria which led to infection of the accessory glands and orchitis and epididymitis. Apart from the preputial cavity, some rams kept on open range were entirely free of bacterial infection of their genitalia, and those that did have bacteria in the deeper parts of their genitalia had a very significantly lower incidence of pathological lesions of their genitalia. Finding bacteria and neutrophils in semen is consistent with the epidemiological findings.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Considerations on the complications of epidemic parotitis].

The AA describe 82 cases of complications occurred during an outbreak of mumps in 1980-81. Forty-two cases of meningitis, 4 of pancreatitis, 2 of orchitis and 2 cases of encefalitis occurred. All patients had eventual, complete recovery. The other cases are not specific complications. The treatment was almost entirely symptomatic. The headache of meningitis was relieved by a lumbar poncture. In the epicrisis of the AA these cases of complications have some importance in relation to the opportunity of getting herd vaccination against mumps.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Acrosomal autoantigens of guinea pig sperm. I. The purification of an aspermatogenic protein, AP2.

A soluble aspermatogenic autoantigen (AP2) capable of inducing experimental allergic orchitis (EAO) in the guinea pig has been isolated from the soluble acrosomal contents (SAC) released from guinea pig cauda epididymal sperm during the in vitro Ca+2 ionophore A23187-induced acrosome reaction. AP2 purification was achieved by heat inactivation of SAC enzymatic activity, followed by chaotropic solubilization and ultracentrifugation, gel filtration on Sephadex G-50, preparative isoelectric focusing, and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Approximately 80 micrograms of AP2 was obtained from 1 to 2 x 10(10) cauda epididymal sperm. AP2 has a m.w. of 9500 +/- 1500 as determined by unreduced SDS-PAGE and an isoelectric point of 5.52 +/- 0.11. Amino acid analysis of AP2 indicates that it is a protein. AP2 has no detectable hexose or hexosamine as determined by gas liquid chromatographic analysis and is therefore probably not a glycoprotein. Five micrograms of AP2 are capable of inducing severe EAO in 100% of guinea pigs tested, whereas 0.5 to 2.0 micrograms induces mild lesions consisting primarily of aspermatogenesis in 66% of guinea pigs tested.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1982

Testicular atrophy as a risk inguinal hernioplasty.

In my experience, the complication of testicular atrophy after primary hernioplasty occurred only in patients in whom a complete indirect inguinal hernia sac was dissected from the spermatic cord. Avoiding this dissection by leaving the distal part of the sac in place reduces the incidence of the complication. All patients with scrotal inguinal hernias and all patients with recurrent inguinal hernias should have the complications of ischemic orchitis and testicular atrophy explained to them in depth because of the litigious nature of some of the men in whom this condition occurs. Patients who had undergone two or more operations for inguinal hernia should give prior written permission for orchiectomy even though this procedure is rarely necessary. In these patients, the performance of preperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty will permit the surgeon to avoid dissecting previously mobilized spermatic cords and should reduce the incidence of testicular atrophy in men fearful of this complication.

Atrophy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Scrotal ultrasound in inflammatory lesions].

Ultrasounds were performed in 45 patients with scrotal inflammatory processes. 12/15 patients with epididymitis had hypoechoic areas and 3/15 hyperechoic ares in the epididymis; hyperechoic areas were seen in 13/15 cases with epididymo-orchitis, while in 2/15 patients we found hypoechoic areas in the testicle and hyperechoic in the epididymis; and in 15/15 cases with epididymo-testicular abscesses the areas found were hypoechoic of heterogeneous patterns.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Acute experimental and clinical epididymitis].

In pathogenesis of acute epididymitis (AE) an important role belongs to retrograde infection of the epididymis. The infection with urethral or urinary flora occurs via reflux and adhesive mechanisms. Staging of the disease and differentiation of acute epididymitis with epididymo-orchitis are the essential aims in the diagnosis. For elderly patients with AE who comprise the majority of AE patients urgent epididymectomy is thought the best therapeutic approach.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

[Pyolaryngocele as a focal disease].

Report of one case of Laryngocele in a 49 years old male, without previous anamnestic data, but urticaria and orchitis recurrens till the removal of the pyolaryngocele. The diagnosis was awkward because of its rare behaviour with torpid evolution and distant manifestations. The AA. think it was consistent with a septic focus.

Cysts↗
PubMed1993

[Diagnostic evaluation of acute scrotum--testicular perfusion scintigraphy].

The method of and the results obtained with testicular scintigraphy in the differential diagnosis of acute scrotal pain are described. Both sensitivity and specificity were found to be high and in excess of 90%. Misinterpretation of findings is rare and is seldom reported except in case reports. Normal findings usually genuinely reflect absence of disease, and only in the case of suboptimal imaging conditions they might correspond to a false-negative finding in the presence of acute torsion. Chronic torsion may be missed on scintigraphy because of intermediate normalization of arterial perfusion at the time of the investigation. Missed torsion presents a characteristic activity pattern. The halo sign is a proven sign of avitality of the testicle. Orchitis and epididymitis are correlated with hyperperfusion and hyperaemia and are reliably diagnosed by scanning. When testicular scintigraphy is needed immediate availability is essential. In a nuclear medicine department with standard equipment, the investigation can be started within 5 min; it takes about 15 min to perform and the findings can be evaluated within another 5 min. Acute testicular torsion that has already been reliably diagnosed by clinical examination is not an indication for testicular perfusion scintigraphy. This diagnostic procedure is, however, valuable if the clinical findings are equivocal and, especially, if a conservative treatment is planned.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

[Male sterility and its association with genital disease and environmental factors].

Semen quality may be affected by many factors, as there is evidence that conditions as varicocele, criptorquidia, orchitis and bacterian infections; as well as to exposure to physical agents as heat, or chemical substances, or ingestion of alcohol and drugs, may affect semen quality. The objective of this study is to investigate the risk implied in the exposure to these factors on the semen quality. The study was carried out in a prospective way in a group of males at Clínica de Infertilidad, Unidad de Biología de la Reproducción del Hospital Universitario Dr. J.E. González. Ninety nine males were studied, they received an intentioned questionnaire about antecedents of exposure to environmental factors, and urologic resolved pathology. Espermatobioscopy was done and it was classified according to OMS. Two groups were formed, one with the individuals with normal espermatobioscopy (n = 25); and the abnormal ones (n = 74). The statistical Incidences Reason, square Xi and Atributable Risk, were applied in order to determine the impact that different factors may have on semen quality. The found alterations in semen were astenozoospermia (n = 58); hypospermia (n = 22); oligozoospermia (n = 18); teratozoospermia (n = 7); polizoospermia (n = 7); and azoospermia (n = 6). The results of the mentioned statistical tests, show that in these alterations there is an associated risk factor to the use of tobacco, exposure to chemical substances, to physical aggresors; and anatomic anomalies previously corrected. It is considered that obtention of this information is a great help because once the unfavorable factors are eliminated, the environment is improved in order to obtain an espermatogenesis in optimal conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Complications of mumps in children in light of personal observations].

The clinical manifestation and course of mumps-related complications in 183 children among 214 patients hospitalized due to mumps were analysed. Meningitis was diagnosed in 78% of cases, pancreatitis in 48% and unilateral orchitis was observed in 1.6%. More than one complication was noted in 27% of patients. Usually mumps-related complications occurred between the second and fifth day after the appearance of salivary gland involvement. Their course was fairly grave. Boys were afflicted twice as often as girls. No correlation between the severity of the disease and pleocytosis in cerebro-spinal fluid was observed. The authors discussed a necessity to introduce mass vaccinations against mumps.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Infrared telethermography in the diagnosis of testicular tumors].

Diagnostic potential of infrared extracorporeal thermography (IET) was studied in 334 males: 167 with testicular tumors, 42 with acute or chronic epididimitis, 33 with orchitis, 17 with hydrocele and 75 controls. To assess thermography more objectively in large-size testicular tumors and bilateral lesions, a new thermographic criterium T3 was used. IET sensitivity, specificity and efficacy in testicular cancer made up 92.9%, 89.8% and 91.4%, respectively. In view of its safety, high efficacy, noninvasiveness and simplicity this method has perspectives in diagnosis of testicular diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Acute orchiepididymitis: assessment with high-resolution ultrasonography in 52 cases].

OBJECTIVES: The present study describes our experience in ultrasound diagnosis of acute orchiepididymitis, with special reference to the most common US patterns and complications of this disease entity. METHODS: In acute scrotum suspected as having an inflammatory origin, high resolution ultrasonography is performed in the acute phase in addition to routine blood and urine analyses. Treatment and subsequent US control evaluation vary according to each case. RESULTS: The sonographic findings in 52 cases with a clinical suspicion of acute orchiepididymitis are presented. All examinations were performed in the acute phase. Subsequent sonographic control evaluation was performed 2-4 months after treatment. Seven cases had a negative ultrasound; in 4 cases ultrasound disclosed a different pathology (2 tumors, 1 testicular torsion and 1 hydatid torsion); 12 had both testicular and epididymal involvement; one had testicular and 28 had epididymal involvement alone. Complications were observed in 21 cases (hydrocele, abscess, pyocele, infarct...). Sonographic evaluation after treatment showed complete resolution in 26 cases whereas 15 cases showed postinflammatory sequelae (atrophy, changes in testicular ultrasound pattern, calcifications, chronic hydrocele...). The ultrasound findings indicated surgery in 2 cases. CONCLUSIONS: High resolution ultrasonography is currently the diagnostic method of choice in scrotal inflammation. It permits determining the extent of the lesion (orchitis, epididymitis, orchiepididymitis), complications (hydrocele, hematocele, pyocele, abscess, infarct...) and the result of therapy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

Testicular masses.

Family physicians often must evaluate patients with testicular pain or masses. The incidental finding of a scrotal mass may also require evaluation. Patients may seek evaluation of a scrotal mass as an incidental finding. An accurate history combined with a complete examination of the male external genitalia will help indicate a preliminary diagnosis and proper treatment. Family physicians must keep in mind the emergency or "must not miss" diagnoses associated with testicular masses, including testicular torsion, epididymitis, acute orchitis, strangulated hernia and testicular cancer. Referral to a urologist should be made immediately if one of these diagnoses is suspected. Benign causes of scrotal masses, including hydrocele, varicocele and spermatocele, may be diagnosed and managed easily in the primary care office.

Diagnosis, Differential↗