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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The bradykinin receptor of the rat uterus affects the ligand properties of charged mercurials.

Using monovalent organic mercurials to modify the response to the oxytocic action of bradykinin (BK) on the rat uterus, a charge effect, related to the reagent applied, was noted. With neutral, and positively charged mercurials, a bimodal pattern of activity, causing stimulation of BK contraction at lower, and inhibition at higher concentrations was observed. With negatively charged mercurials transient stimulation occurred, inhibition only appearing after very large doses and long periods of incubation. Anionic charges of the bradykinin receptor affect the ligand properties of mercurials, repelling negative charges. By themselves, mercurials did not cause any response.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1992

Kininogenase activity of rSMT3, a rat submandibular gland tonin.

rSMT3, a tonin like angiotensin II generating enzyme present in rSMG presents a potent oxytocic effect on the isolated rat uterus, which was blocked by a B2 bradykinin receptor antagonist. Under optimal conditions of pH, rSMT3 liberates kinin at rate 19-fold greater than angiotensin II.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed2003

Fear of death during labour.

The expression of fear of death during labour is common when the physiological processes are obviously efficient and when the perinatal period is considered, in retrospect, to have been a positive experience. We propose two kinds of interpretation: (1) One is not specifically human. A physiological fear is the expression of a rush of adrenaline just before the "fetus ejection reflex." The paradoxical oxytocic effect of adrenaline was demonstrated several decades ago. (2) One is specifically human. It takes into account our knowledge of death and the reduction of neocortical control during labour.

Attitude to Death↗
PubMed1992

On the mechanism of rat uterus desensitization to kallikrein.

An inactive form of kallikrein prepared by iodination with cold iodine, did not show any enzymatic or oxytocic action. However, a competitive pattern between this inactive and active kallikrein was observed in rat uterus preparation: When the inactive form was applied several times in the muscle, a single dose of active kallikrein was unable to cause contraction, but a double dose elicited a response. The rhythmic movement caused by a singular dose of active kallikrein, had its time curtailed by adding the inactive kallikrein to the bath. The inactive kallikrein did not interfere with bradykinin activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Induction of labor in the scarred uterus. 50 cases].

Fifty patients with a scarred uterus had labour induced with Oxytocics in the Maternity Hospital of Montfermeil, between 1987 and 1988. The criteria for selecting patients for vaginal delivery were those usually adopted and the induction of labour depended on the Bishop score. Fourty-two patients delivered vaginally with a low maternal morbidity (1 ruptured uterus without serious consequences, and no perinatal morbidity). Induction of labour makes it possible to watch the labour at a time when the obstetric and anaesthetic supervision can be at its best. This leads to a reduction in morbidity. However, labour in this way, even though it is increasingly possible to conduct vaginally, is still a high risk procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The action of iodinated kallikrein on the rat uterus.

Iodinated kallikrein appeared inactive on synthetic substrates, was unable to liberate kinins from rat plasma, did not cause contraction of the rat uterus and did not potentiate bradykinin activity. After several doses of iodinated kallikrein were applied to the muscle, the contraction caused by kallikrein was blocked, but the response of the preparation to bradykinin was unaltered. If a double dose of kallikrein was applied, the contraction appeared again, and the response to bradykinin was also potentiated. These results support a kinin-mediated oxytocic action of kallikrein, and suggest a new interpretation for the mechanism of kallikrein desensitization in this preparation.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMed1992

[Management of the scarred uterus].

On the basis of 899 cases of uterine scarring following cesarean section, the authors carried out a prophylactic cesarean in 42% of cases. Labor ended in childbirth by the genital tract in 44% of cases. The very low incidence of uterine rupture since segmental hysterotomy has become widespread and the improved fetal and maternal prognosis are all reasons to prefer delivery by the genital tract. One of the factors in choosing the method of childbirth is radiopelvimetry and estimation of the fetal weight; however, the suspicion of a threshold pelvis is not a contraindication to the labor test which was successful in 70% of the authors cases. On condition that strict obstetrical monitoring is possible, oxytocic drugs can be used to induce labor or correct hypokinesia and to administer a peridural analgesic. Routine extraction is no longer necessary during the expulsion phase but the authors remain faithful to uterine revision. In general, the labor test should be suggested as often as possible and should receive the same monitoring and treatment methods as for an intact uterus.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed2006

She may reach a facility but will still die! An analysis of quality of public sector maternal health services, District Multan, Pakistan.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the availability, utilization and functional capacity of the public health delivery system in terms of human resources, equipment, supplies and health provider knowledge regarding management of obstetric complications. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2003 for Multan's public health delivery system. A complete inventory of equipment, supplies, drugs, staff availability and knowledge of obstetric complications management were assessed. RESULTS: The number and distribution of public sector facilities serving a population of 3.2 million was well beyond the minimum requirement for basic obstetric care but fell short for comprehensive Emergency Obstetrical Care (EmOC). Utilization patterns were skewed to the tertiary facility for normal and complicated deliveries. Partograms were not available, magnesium sulphate was only available at the tertiary facility, while basic supplies like iron and folate tablets, broad spectrum antibiotics, oxytocics, gloves and sutures were not available at primary or secondary facilities. Knowledge scores regarding management of obstetric complications were less than average, especially among nurses at basic or comprehensive EmOC facilities. Intensity of labour pains (nurses 59%) at basic EmOC facility and cervical dilatation by doctors at basic and comprehensive facilities were the most frequent responses for monitoring in labour. CONCLUSION: Strengthening the four interlinked health system elements--human resources, access to, use and quality of services is essential though not sufficient.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[B lynch suture for post partum heamorrhage due to uterine atony].

Uterine atony and concomittant massive haemorrhage is one of the most dangerous complications of labour. Conventional, conservative treatment approach comprising of oxytocics such as oxytocin, methergin or prostaglandins may fail in some cases, mandating surgical techniques, including hysterectomy. B Lynch compression uterine suture may be a safe and effective method of treatment in post partum heamorrhage and in most of cases may replace more complicated techniques. In this article, together with referring the technical aspects of this procedure, we present a case of successful treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Evolution of neurohypophyseal hormones and their receptors.

Nine active neurohypophyseal principles have been isolated and identified among the vertebrates. Arginine-vasotocin is the most ubiquitous, occurring in pituitary glands from representatives of all the major vertebrate groups. There is much more variation in structure among the principles that resemble oxytocin. The manner in which these evolved remains unclear. Arginine-vasotocin stimulates smooth muscles from a wide variety of vertebrate species. It can stimulate contraction of oviducts from many jawed fishes and tetrapods. The oxytocin-like peptides are usually less active in this respect. Among adult mammals arginine-vasotocin is replaced by arginine-vasopressin which has much less oxytocin activity. Thus, although arginine-vasotocin may both stimulate oviducts and cause water retention in nonmammalian tetrapods, oxytocic and antidiuretic functions can be regulated independently by oxytocin and vasopressin in mammals. Arginine-vasotocin elicits vasoconstrictor responses in even the most primitive vertebrates. These may be systemic or regional. Their distribution may determine whether arginine-vasotocin acts as a diuretic or an antidiuretic agent. It is possible that the most primitive neurohypophyseal functions were related to cardiovascular regulation and that the neurohypophysis acquired its osmoregulatory functions later in vertebrate evolution.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biochemical evidence for mediatory role of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the uterotonic action of prostaglandin F2oc.

5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is reported to be involved in endogenous prostaglandin (PG)--modulated as well as exogenous PG-induced pharmacological activities including oxytocic effect of PGE1 PGE2oc Biochemical parameters were undertaken for further studies into the possible role of 5-HT in the uterotonic effect of PGF2oc on isolated oestronised rat uterus. The results substantiate the involvement of endogenous 5-HT in the uterotonic effect of PGF2oc.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Doppler umbilical artery velocimetry during labor in normal pregnancies].

A prospective study using umbilical artery velocimetry was carried out with continuous Doppler wave forms coupled to a spectral analyser (D.F.P.C. Slous) with placement of Pourcelot's placental resistance index in 94 deliveries at term of singleton normal pregnancies. Neither the position of the patient, rupture of the membranes, epidural anaesthesia, oxytocics, Dextrofemine, nor the length of labour, change the placental resistance levels during the delivery. These remain constant and equal R = 0.51 +/- 0.10 (M +/- 2 DS) whatever the appearance of the RCF at the start of labour, during dilatation and during the delivery. We considered term as being between the 38th and the 42nd week of amenorrhea. Our results show that changes in the index of resistance in the umbilical artery do not help in assessing deliveries in normal pregnancies.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1990

[Results of a policy of labor induction].

In 1986 and 1987, among 1,323 patients who came in labour to the "Clinic Saint-Anne", 672 (50.8 p. cent) were induced without any pathological reason as part of a labour protocol. The technique used consisted in the combination of oxytocics and rupture of the membranes. 85 p. cent received a peridural anesthesia. Comparison between scheduled deliveries and spontaneous labour inductions show no significant difference concerning terms and birth weights. The labour is longer by an average of one hour in the group of scheduled deliveries. In this group, the percentage of caesarean sections is 8.2 p. cent versus 9.12 p. cent (NS). No child born following a scheduled delivery required resuscitation and only one was transferred to pediatrics (because of infection).

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1989

[Myasthenia and pregnancy. Apropos of 8 cases].

In 10 years we dealt with 8 cases of pregnancy in myasthenic women. Pregnancy does not seem to cause myasthenia to develop. Worsening of the condition, which we found in 40% of our cases, occurs particularly in the first trimester and nearly always regresses. Another critical period is after delivery. Deaths are not unusual in the literature but we did not have to record one in our study. Because myasthenia evolves in different ways it is important to watch these cases carefully and as soon as the diagnosis has been made stabilising treatment is needed. The patient has to be watched for at least two months after the delivery. During the pregnancy the first line of treatment is to use anticholinesterases which do not have any teratogenic effects. In our study all the women carried their pregnancies to term; although in the literature 10-40% of deliveries were premature. This fact makes one consider whether there is an oxytocic effect of anti-cholinesterases. If the mother becomes very tired she should have very little expulsive effort to carry out. Forceps delivery, which is often necessary, is helped if an epidural anaesthetic is given. Breast feeding by the mother can only be carried out if the myasthenia is stable and if there are weak levels of anti-receptor antibodies to acetylcholine. 50% of the newborn are often small for dates and show transitory myasthenia after delivery. The literature, however, shows only 10-20%. This finding is not always correlated with the levels of anti-receptor antibodies for acetylcholine. If they are present, they are useful to diagnose transitory myasthenia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Human placental oxytocin and its increase by prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha].

To investigate the physiological roles of human placental oxytocin (OT)-like substance, partial purification of human placental extract and placental tissue culture were carried out. 1. Both oxytocic immunoreaction in our own specific radioimmunoassay and bioaction on rat uterine contraction were observed in the larger (MW greater than or equal to 5,000) and the smaller molecular part (MW not equal to 1,000) in partially purified placental extracts by gel-filtration using Sephadex G-25. 2. Prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha enhanced the immunoreactive OT in the cultured human term placental tissue at doses of 1-100 micrograms/ml. These findings are considered to be significant in basic studies of human placental OT-like substance.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Uterine rupture. Apropos of 31 cases seen at the Hospital Center of Libreville (Gabon)].

The authors report 31 cases of rupture of the uterus at the Hospital of Libreville-Gabon. The frequency is 1.4/1,000 deliveries. The usual etiological factors are found: malformations of the uterus, obstetrical maneuvers, mechanical dystocias, use of oxytocics, scars of caesarean section. The clinical characteristics are those previously described. There were two maternal deaths and 17 fetal deaths. These figures emphasize the progress accomplished and to come.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effect of porcine relaxin on spontaneous, oxytocin-driven and prostaglandin-driven pig myometrial activity in vitro.

The effect of porcine relaxin on myometrial activity was studied in 18 nonpregnant and 54 pregnant pigs. Relaxin inhibited spontaneous contractility in all luteal phase and pregnant pigs. However, similar doses of relaxin had no effect on oxytocin-, prostaglandin E2- or prostaglandin F2 alpha-induced contractions. Only when the doses were increased fivefold to sixfold, to nonphysiologic levels, did relaxin inhibit the action of these oxytocic agents. The effect of relaxin was the same throughout pregnancy. This finding helps explain the two paradoxical roles of relaxin: it inhibits spontaneous myometrial contractility during pregnancy and thus preterm labor but is able to facilitate labor at term through its cervical ripening action without inhibiting the oxytocin- and prostaglandin-driven contractions of parturition.

Animals↗