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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[4 years' experience with use of the "Ambulancia, Oddelenie, Sklad" software made by Softprogress Piestany installed on the local computer network in the Ophthalmology Department of the Trnava Hospital].

The authors give information about their positive and negative experience at using computers connected to local network in ophthalmology department. They put the stress on a need to respect the requirements on hygiene of work at the beginning of the process of planning of suitable hardware choice software and workplace equipment. The need of sufficient number of workplace-terminals and software choice are considered to be necessary and the latter one allows a complex data processing and forming of the common database of patients for outpatient department, department and storage files. They refer to risks of local network switching over with other workplaces and possibility of undesirable information escapes and virus penetration into the network.

Hospital Departments↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Activities of the African Institute of Tropical Ophthalmology, 1990-1997].

The African Institute of Tropical Ophthalmology (AITO) was founded in Bamako in 1953. It is part of a regional structure, The Organization for Cooperation and Coordination in the Control of Major Endemic Diseases (OCCCMED). AITO is a WHO collaborating center for the prevention of blindness and has four aims: the provision of eye care, training (ophthalmologists, cataract surgeons, specialist nurses, spectacle manufacturers), research (epidemiology, clinical and surgical) and assessment of public eye care as a function of the needs of the member states of OCCCMED. The European Regional Program for the Prevention of Blindness and an International Sight First Program Center are located at AITO. AITO is at the heart of a network dedicated to fighting blindness, and its activities extend beyond the borders of the OCCCMED.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Research at the African Institute of Tropical Ophthalmology].

Research is one of the four main activities of AITO. It is vital for the determination of health care priorities, and for the design, implementation, and evaluation of programs and projects in OCCCMED countries. Most of the research is surgical and focused on the diseases which cause blindness. Cataracts are the principal cause of blindness and have been the focus of many studies aimed at making surgery more accessible in terms of both geographical availability and cost. Trachoma is a major public health priority in the countries of the Sahel and a survey of its prevalence is underway in several countries. This study should lead to the development of preventive and curative treatments aimed at controlling blindness caused by trachoma by the year, 2020. Vitamin A deficiency, the cause of xerophthalmia and high mortality rates in infants, has been surveyed in several countries. A survey of glaucoma, another major cause of blindness which is often not recognized or treated, will be carried out in Bamako. Other studies focus on leprosy, malaria and the effects of visual disability on the quality of everyday life. It will be a major challenge over the next five years to develop the capacity within local populations to identify, design and implement research programs in community health aspects of ophthalmology that will take into account the needs and constraints of sub-Saharan Africa.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The dictated examination in ophthalmology.

Although scribing has been used in ophthalmology for many years, the real benefits could not be realized until the entry of managed care into medicine in the United States. Everyone benefits in an office that uses scribes. The patient and the physician benefit by having a record that is much closer to being complete. The technician benefits as a result of becoming a pivotal reference for every patient encounter.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

[Review of general anesthesia procedures in ophthalmology].

We review the anaesthetic management of patients undergoing ophthalmic examination or surgery. General anaesthesia is administered in patients demanding immobilisation, since uncontrolled movement may rise intraocular pressure (IOP) and thus endanger the overall outcome of ophthalmic care. We discuss the effects of anaesthetics and anaesthesia related medications on IOP before, during, and after eye surgery. Also, we analyse anaesthetic procedures applied in eye injury management, vitreal and strabismus surgery as well as paediatric ophthalmology. Finally, we review the systemic side effects of topical eye medications, the complications of ophthalmic general anaesthesia as well as their prevention.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1986

Neuro-ophthalmologic findings in vestibulocerebellar ataxia.

A young adult who presents with periodic vertigo, diplopia, and tinnitus, later followed by progressive ataxia, may not have multiple sclerosis as might initially be suspected, but rather may represent a type of familial spinocerebellar degeneration previously described by Farmer and Mustian as "vestibulocerebellar ataxia." We recently encountered a patient who presented with these symptoms, and who was found to have downbeat nystagmus, ocular dysmetria, skew deviation, optokinetic dissociation, and a vertical gain bias on horizontal eye movements. Although family involvement was specifically denied by the patient, seven members of her family representing four generations were examined, and found to have similar findings. The importance of a careful neuro-ophthalmologic examination in each available family member of any patient presenting with this constellation of symptoms is emphasized. A discussion of the spinocerebellar degenerations, differential diagnosis, and literature review are included.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Churg-Strauss syndrome (allergic granulomatous angiitis). Neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations.

Two patients with severe bronchial asthma, hypereosinophilia, and peripheral neuropathy were initially observed with neuro-ophthalmologic signs and symptoms that included amaurosis fugax, superior oblique palsy, ischemic optic neuropathy, and scattered areas of retinal infarction. Clinical investigation led to the diagnosis of Churg-Strauss syndrome (allergic granulomatous angiitis). As in other collagen vascular diseases, ocular signs or symptoms may occasionally be the most prominent manifestation of the disease. Recognition of this systemic disorder by the ophthalmologist may minimize systemic and ocular complications.

Asthma↗
PubMed1997

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, craniofacial, and ophthalmological abnormalities and normal intelligence: a new syndrome?

We report on an 8-year-old boy with clinical manifestations suggestive of a new arthrogryposis syndrome. These included characteristic craniofacial abnormalities, cleft palate, arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, pulmonary hypoplasia, cryptorchidism, and unusual ophthalmological findings. There was no intrauterine growth retardation or decreased fetal movements. Despite the poor prognosis expected in early life, the patient presented with normal mental capability on follow-up. Family data showed that a maternal first cousin of the mother (mother's brother's son) had similar findings and died in infancy. Differential diagnosis included Pena-Shokeir syndrome or phenotype, Gordon syndrome, Marden-Walker syndrome, and the syndrome of arthrogryposis with ophthalmoplegia and retinopathy. The possibility of autosomal dominant inheritance with reduced penetrance is suggested for this apparently new syndrome.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1998

Visual impairment due to macular disciform scars in a 20-year-old man with Smith-Magenis syndrome: another ophthalmologic complication.

We describe a 20-year-old man with Smith-Magenis syndrome and a 46,XY,del(17)(p11.2p11.2) karyotype. The interstitial deletion was confirmed by metaphase analysis using the fluorescent in situ hybridization probe (D17S29) for the Smith-Magenis region. The patient had hypertelorism, exotropia, and high myopia. Examination under anesthesia showed a lacquer crack near the right macula and a disciform scar of the left macula. Six months later, the patient presented with subacute visual loss. Examination demonstrated end-stage macula degeneration with bilateral disciform scars. There was no evidence of retinal detachment. Prior reports of Smith-Magenis syndrome mention telecanthus, ptosis, strabismus, iris anomalies, cataract, microcornea, optic nerve hypoplasia, myopia, retinal detachment, and lattice retinal degeneration. Bilateral macular degeneration has not been reported previously, and it may be an additional ophthalmologic manifestation of Smith-Magenis syndrome, either as a primary manifestation or as a direct consequence of high myopia.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1997

Mortality in diabetic patients participating in an ophthalmological control and screening programme.

The aim of this follow-up study has been to assess retinopathy and change of treatment to insulin therapy as risk factors for mortality in diabetic patients participating in a control and screening programme for retinopathy. A total of 3220 diabetic patients, 483 with an age at diagnosis <30 years, and 2737 with an age at diagnosis > or = 30 years, were included. Retinopathy was graded on fundus photographs using the Wisconsin Scale, and the visual acuity was assessed. The average HbA1c value was calculated for each patient for the previous 8 years to estimate long-term glycaemic control. Mortality data were obtained from death certificates. Two hundred and sixty-three diabetic patients (8.2%) died during the mean follow-up time of 3.4 years, 13 (2.7%) of those with younger-onset (<30 years) and 250 (9.1%) of those with older-onset (> or = 30 years) diabetes. Of them, 148 (56.3%) died from cardiovascular and 23 (8.7%) from cerebrovascular disorders. After adjusting for differences in age and sex, more severe retinopathy and the use of antihypertensive drugs were associated with a decreased overall survival rate as well as an increased mortality from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. A statistically significant association between HbA1c values in the highest quartile, i.e. > or =8.4%, and cardiovascular and all cause mortality did not remain when retinopathy was entered into the multivariate analyses. Duration of diabetes, but not change of treatment to insulin therapy, was associated with higher cardiovascular mortality in patients whose diabetes was diagnosed after the age of 30 years. We conclude that severe retinopathy, use of antihypertensive drugs, and poor glycaemic control predicted death from cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients participating in an ophthalmological screening programme.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Ophthalmologic safety of long-term hydroxychloroquine treatment.

Ocular toxicity of long-term hydroxychloroquine treatment was assessed by regular ophthalmologic examinations in 99 patients. No patient developed significant loss of vision or visual field constriction to a white test object. Three patients had evidence of toxicity, but the medication had to be permanently discontinued in only one who subsequently had regression of all abnormalities except visual field constriction to a red test object. Neither duration of treatment nor the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus predisposed patients to toxicity.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1989

Surrogate endpoints in clinical trials: ophthalmologic disorders.

We examined three examples of surrogate observations in ophthalmology. The first represents a simple case: the status of one eye is used as a surrogate for the (unobservable) status of the opposite eye in the same individual. The second and third examples represent possible extrapolation of long term results on the basis of early changes. These examples are used to illustrate the assumptions intrinsic in the use of surrogate variables.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2002

Corticosteroids in ophthalmology.

Corticosteroids are, even 50 years after introduction in ophthalmology, the best, and often only choice of treatment for acute inflammatory eye disorders. Their broad spectrum of actions may not only explain the greater potency compared with other anti-inflammatory agents but also be responsible for multiple serious side effects. For future developments, several directions may be chosen including development of safer drugs with high therapeutic index and application of long-term drug-release systems.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1980

Ophthalmological aspects of chronic CS2 intoxication.

As a pilot study preliminary to a large scale survey on chronic CS2 toxicity 30 workers of a viscose rayon industry in Belgium have been examined. Twenty of them were working in the xanthation spinning department where chronic CS2 intoxication is more likely to occur and ten controls were chosen form the supposedly safe bleaching division. Ophthalmological evaluation included visual fields, coulour vision testing, fluoro-angiography, ERG and EOG. In both groups fundus anomalies, abnormal EOG's and subnormal or supranormal ERG's were found. The fundus anomalies consisted either of discrete pigmentary changes in the posterior pole or microvascular retinal lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The value of preoperative electro-ophthalmological examination before cataract extraction.

In 203 senile cataractous eyes preoperative results of photopic flash ERGs and VERs were compared with the optimum visual acuity after cataract extraction. Because preoperatively for some reason a good function of the retina or the conductive system was questionable, patients were referred to the electro-ophthalmological department. This encompassed approximately 10% of patients with a senile cataract. The relationships found indicated that the photopic flash ERGs and VERs are a good support for estimating post-operative visual function.

Cataract↗
PubMed1986

Blood dyscrasias and topically applied chloramphenicol in ophthalmology.

The case reports presented so far, concerning a possible causative relationship between the ophthalmological use of chloramphenicol (O-CAP) and blood dyscrasias, are few in number, not always fully documented and therefore not always convincing. The overall use of this drug in a restricted area in the Netherlands was assessed. On a yearly basis 1:29 people used O-CAP. In a four-year period in the same area, 12 patients with aplastic anemia and 190 patients with other cytopenic dyscrasias were found. After exclusion of all cases with other possible causes of the dyscrasia, e.g. cancer and related therapy, other drugs than O-CAP and infectious diseases, 59 cases remained in which a definite cause could not be established. We traced back the use of O-CAP in the relevant period. No dyscrasias were found that unequivocally were caused by O-CAP. The rate of O-CAP use in the dyscrasia-group was approximately equal to that in the population as a whole. Hence we concluded that it is highly improbable that O-CAP played a part in the etiology of blood dyscrasias in the region. Statistical evaluation of material derived from a much larger region may, however, lead to a more differentiated conclusion.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1980

Peripheral neuropathy and ophthalmologic toxicity after treatment with cis-dichlorodiaminoplatinum II.

A 57-year-old woman with inoperable bladder cancer received radiation treatment. Thirteen years later she relapsed at locoregional, retroperitoneal, and mediastinal sites. During treatment with cis-dichlorodiamineplatinum II (DDP) (30 mg/day for 5 days repeated every 4 weeks) she achieved a partial remission. After seven courses of DDP-chemotherapy she complained of numbness of her hands and legs and of diminished visual acuity of both eyes. After 4 weeks these symptoms grew less but intensified severely after another DDP-treatment. The temporal relationship of neurologic symptoms and their intensification by the last administration of DDP suggest this drug to be the causative agent for peripheral neuropathy and ophthalmologic toxicity.

Cisplatin↗
PubMed1979

[Oral treatment with tretinoin: andrological, trichological, ophthalmological findings and effects on acne (author's transl)].

Twelve patients (20 +/- 2 years) with acne vulgaris were treated orally with 20-30 mg/day tretinoin (vitamin A acid) over 90-300 days. Various laboratory tests were performed to rule out unwanted pharmacological side effects. Tretinoin therapy was well tolerated except for minor complaints of dryness around the mucous membranes of mouth and nose. The acne remained unchanged. All laboratory tests were unremarkable except for a significant rise of ejaculate volume. Other sperm parameters, trichological, ophthalmological as well as blood and urine analyses showed no measurable effects of tretinoin therapy.

Acne Vulgaris↗