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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Characterization of Newcastle disease virus envelope glycoproteins expressed in insect cells.

Recombinant baculoviruses carrying cDNAs of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) glycoprotein genes of virulent and avirulent strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were constructed to examine the contribution of the individual proteins in cell fusion. F proteins of both virulent and avirulent strains expressed by the recombinant viruses were glycosylated and translocated onto the cell surfaces and only the F protein of the virulent origin was proteolytically cleaved into F1 and F2 subunits and bound intermolecularly by disulfide bonds. HN proteins of virulent and avirulent strains expressed by the recombinant viruses showed both hemadsorption and neuraminidase activities. Single infection of the recombinant baculoviruses could not induce cell fusion; however, co-infection with the recombinant viruses of the F protein of virulent strain and HN protein of both strains gave clear syncytia in insect cells. The syncytium formation was much clearer in the cells co-infected with the recombinants of F protein of virulent strain and the HN protein of avirulent strain in comparison with those co-infected with F and HN recombinant viruses of virulent origin. The cell fusion was completely blocked by monoclonal antibodies against the F protein but not by those to the HN protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Estimation of antibodies to Newcastle disease virus in tears.

Micro-haemagglutination inhibition tests (Micro-HI) were used to measure the level of maternal IgG in the tears of chicks and also to measure the levels of HI antibodies in the tears and serum after vaccination with "F" strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and in the face of an outbreak of Newcastle disease. There was a 1.4 fold difference between the maternal IgG concentration in the serum and tears. The ratio of serum IgG to lachrymal IgG after maternal transfer was 4 to 5:1 on day 4 to 9 and decreased to 2.6:1 on day 12 post-hatch. The intra-ocular vaccination of chicks with "F" strain of NDV resulted in the highest titre of HI antibodies in the tears though there was no significant difference in the response of chicks vaccinated through intranasal, oral and intravenous routes. In the face of an ND outbreak, the level of HI antibodies in the tears during the acute phase was very high and persisted at the same level for 14 days.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide, Freund's complete adjuvant and mineral oil for induction of humoral antibodies, cellular immunity and resistance to Newcastle disease virus in chickens.

Dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide (DDA), a lipophilic quaternary amine, was evaluated in adult chickens for potentiation of immunological responses to subcutaneously administered inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccines. DDA enhanced humoral and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses to levels which were significantly higher than those induced by the vaccine alone The haemagglutination inhibition antibody titers induced by DDA were slightly lower than those induced by mineral oil although neutralizing antibody titers seemed to be higher. DDA induced strong CMI (DTH and lymphocyte proliferation) responses, more than those induced by Freund's complete adjuvant and mineral oil. Both DDA and mineral oil induced comparable high levels of protection to challenge doses of 200,000 LD50 per chicken. No toxic effects or local tissue damage were observed in any of the inoculated chickens.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2005

Development of a candidate vaccine for Newcastle disease virus by epitope display in the Cucumber mosaic virus capsid protein.

A peptide fusion to the capsid protein (CP) of Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV) was designed to express either a 17 amino acid (aa) neutralizing epitope of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) fusion (F) protein or an eight aa neutralizing epitope of the NDV hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein. Fusions of the F, HN and HN2 (duplicated HN epitope) were made in the internal betaH-betaI loop (motif 5) within the CMV CP. Recombinant RNA3 transcripts of the Ixora strain of CMV were inoculated on to Nicotiana benthamiana, together with CMV RNA1 and CMV RNA2. When the F and HN epitopes were placed in the internal motif, the modified virus was infectious and the HN NDV epitope was recognized by anti-NDV sera. However, in some plants, deletions of one to several of the inserted amino acids occurred. A duplication of the HN epitope rendered the virus non-viable.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Antiviral action of interferon-beta on Newcastle disease virus: selectivity to the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene expression.

Interferon-beta (IFN-beta) strongly inhibited the expression of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), a paramyxovirus, in HeLa cells under the conditions where it did not affect the expression of the four upstream genes encoding the nucleocapsid protein, phosphoprotein, membrane protein and fusion protein. Even the downstream gene, encoding the large protein as well as the genome replication, appeared to be less susceptible to IFN-beta than the HN gene. This selective action of IFN-beta did not appear to be attributable to its well characterized antiviral mechanisms such as acceleration of RNA decay and translation inhibition. No similar down-regulation of a particular gene expression was found with another paramyxovirus, Sendai virus, or with a rhabdovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus, or seems to have been reported previously with any negative-strand RNA viruses. This new effect of IFN-beta thus suggests gene expression mechanism unique to NDV and may further lead to the discovery of a novel biochemical effect of IFN-beta.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rapid serological profiling by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. I. Measurement of antibody activity titer against Newcastle disease virus in a single serum dilution.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to measure specific antibody activity in sera of chickens exposed to Newcastle disease virus (NDV). A near-linear relationship existed between the log of the corrected absorbance of antisera at a single working dilution and the corresponding observed serum titers as determined by a standard serial-dilution method. Regression analysis was used to construct a standard curve and extract an equation from this relationship. The equation was used to convert corrected absorbance readings of the single working dilution directly into predicted ELISA antibody activity titers. In a comparative study, a correlation (P less than 0.01) was found between ELISA and hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody titers to NDV. ELISA titers were as much as 160 times greater than the HI titers. ELISA was also able to detect much lower levels of antibody activity than the HI test.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the Newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein and comparisons of paramyxovirus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein sequences.

The nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNA copies of the mRNA encoding the Newcastle disease virus (NDV), strain A-V, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein was determined. A single open reading frame in the sequence encodes a protein of 570 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 62,280. The predicted protein sequence contains only one obvious potential membrane spanning region, located 27 amino acids from the amino terminus of the sequence. The predicted sequence contains 6 glycosylation sites and 14 cysteine residues. Comparison of the NDV HN protein sequence with three other paramyxovirus HN protein sequences reveals two regions that have homologies in all four sequences. The conserved cysteine residues are clustered in these two regions. One conserved region is located near the middle of the predicted sequence while the second region is in the carboxy terminal third of the molecule. The presence of conserved regions suggests the importance of these areas of the molecule in the structure or function of the protein.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2002

Multiplication of the V4 strain of Newcastle disease virus in Madin Derby bovine kidney cells.

This study describes a reproducible cell culture system that permits the growth and secondary multiplication of the V4 strain of Newcastle disease virus. Allantoic fluid, magnesium chloride and diethylaminoethyl dextran were incorporated in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium to encourage secondary viral multiplication without adversely affecting healthy Madin Derby bovine kidney cell growth.

Allantoin↗
PubMed2003

Indirect method for prediction of hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers to Newcastle disease virus in chickens by titration of antibodies in egg yolk.

Attempts were made to establish methods for indirect prediction of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in sera of laying hens and day-old chicks by determining if these are correlated to HI titers in egg yolks. For this purpose, geometric means of HI antibody titers in sera from 60 hens, yolks from 60 matched eggs, and sera from 180 day-old chicks of an identical vaccination program were measured and plotted. There was a significant correlation between HI antibody titers in yolks (X) and hens (Y), with a linear regression of Y = 23.24 + 0.47X and a correlation coefficient of r = 0.65. The linear regression between HI antibody titers in yolks (X) and chicks (Y) was Y = 6.33 + 0.36X (r = 0.58). Immunity to NDV in hens and their offspring can be maintained effectively, and the proper time for the vaccination or booster can be determined by reference to HI titers predicted from the linear regression in the present study. The approach of testing egg yolk for HI titers provides a feasible alternative to determining HI titers from blood samples and eliminates stress in birds during blood sampling.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Mature, cell-associated HN protein of Newcastle disease virus exists in two forms differentiated by posttranslational modifications.

Characterization of the posttranslational modifications of the mature, cell-associated hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) revealed that the HN protein exists in two forms differentiated by disulfide bonds and glycosylation. One form, HNa, contains intermolecular disulfide bonds and is endoglycosidase H partially resistant. The other form, HNb, is not linked by disulfide bonds and is endoglycosidase H sensitive. Both forms of the protein are modified with fucose indicating transport to the Golgi membranes. Both forms are detected at the cell surface by monoclonal antibody. Furthermore, both forms are transported to the cell surface with identical kinetics. HNa is incorporated into virions. HNb is not incorporated into virions and is presumably degraded. The cDNA derived from the HN gene was expressed from a retrovirus vector. The majority of the protein expressed was in the nonvirion-associated form b. Evidence is presented that the level of gene expression determines the ratio of the two forms of HN protein. At high levels of expression, the virion-associated form is favored while at low levels of expression the nonvirion-associated form is favored. The results presented have implications for persistent infections as well as expression of viral genes from different vectors.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Molecular cloning of complementary DNA to Newcastle disease virus, and nucleotide sequence analysis of the junction between the genes encoding the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase and the large protein.

Complementary DNA clones to 90% of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) genome have been produced and mapped. These clones cover the entire HN, F and M genes, most if not all of the L gene and parts of the NP and P genes. The map of overlapping clones gives the gene order 3'-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5' for NDV, identical to the gene order of Sendai virus, on the assumption that the NP gene of NDV is at the 3' end of the genome as previously suggested by inactivation of NDV transcription by u.v. light. The nucleotide sequence of 453 bases covering the junction between the HN and L genes has been determined. There is nucleotide sequence homology to the consensus polyadenylation and mRNA start sites of Sendai virus and vesicular stomatitis virus. The deduced amino acid sequence of the C terminus of the HN protein of NDV shows homology to the C-terminal amino acid sequences of the HN proteins of simian virus 5 and Sendai virus. An explanation for the presence of HN0, the precursor to HN in some strains of NDV, is suggested by the presence of a long non-coding region at the 3' terminus of the mRNA encoding the HN protein of NDV that could, by mutation, allow synthesis of a larger polypeptide.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Identification and grouping of Newcastle disease virus strains by restriction site analysis of a region from the F gene.

A 75% region of the F gene (between nucleotides 334 and 1682) of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) RNA was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). PCR products were cleaved by three restriction endonucleases and the positions of thirty cleavage sites were mapped in more than 200 NDV strains. Restrictions site analysis established six major groups of NDV isolates and unique fingerprints of vaccine strains. Group I comprised lentogenic strains isolated mainly from waterfowl with some from chickens. "Old" (prior to 1960s) North American isolates of varying virulence including lentogenic and mesogenic vaccine strains belonged to group II. Group III included two early isolates from the Far East. Early European strains (Herts 33 and Italien) of the first panzootic (starting in the late 1920s) and their descendants with some modifications were placed into group IV. NDV strains isolated during the second panzootic of chickens (starting in the early 1960s) were classified into two groups. Group V included strains originating in imported psittacines and in epizootics of chickens in the early 1970s. Group V1 comprised strains from the Middle East in the late 1960s and later isolates from Asia and Europe. Pigeon paramyxovirus-1 strains that were responsible for the third panzootic formed a distinct subgroup in group V1. Our grouping of NDV strains has confirmed group differences established by monoclonal antibodies. It is concluded that restriction site analysis of F gene PCR amplicons is a relatively fast, simple and reliable method for the differentiation and identification of NDV strains.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Serologic detection of antibodies to Newcastle disease virus in water fowl using the hemagglutination inhibition test and enzyme immunoassay].

8410 samples from Moscovy duck, Pekin duck and geese were incorporated into examinations of antibodies against the Newcastle Disease virus. A new enzyme-immuno-assay (EIA) for antibody detection in Moscovy duck and Pekin duck was developed using purified antigen from NDV-strain "La Sota". The epidemiology as well as the relation of incidence of the Newcastle Disease in waterfowl was discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pathology of velogenic Newcastle Disease virus infection in turkeys.

Twenty-four 4-week-old poults, free from Mycoplasma meleagridis and M. gallisepticum, were inoculated with a velogenic viscerotropic strain of Newcastle disease virus. Clinical signs (gasping, coughing, and dyspnea) developed 4-5 days postinoculation, continued until nervous derangement appeared, and then (usually 3 days after initial clinical signs appeared) declined in severity. Prominent nervous signs were paresis and paralysis of the extremities, with pronounced head-shaking. The most constant gross lesions detected involved the airsacs. The abdominal sacs of a few poults contained a large accumulation of yellowish, cheesy exudate and there was cloudiness of the thoracic airsacs of all inoculated poults. A few turkeys had tracheitis with some catarrhal exudates and casts in the lower part of the tracheal lumen. Congestion of lepto-meningeal vessels usually correlated with the severity of the nervous signs. The histologic lesions were characterized by both degenerative and proliferative changes with predominantly mononuclear cell and heterophil infiltrations throughout the body. The obvious lesion seen in the recovery stage of the disease was proliferation of lymphofollicular nodules in the parenchymatous organs.

Air Sacs↗
PubMed1985

An enzyme linked immunoassay for estimation of antibodies to Newcastle disease virus strains.

The sensitivity of enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) was compared to that of haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test in detection of humoral antibodies in birds vaccinated with Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The highest antibody titre at day 21 post-vaccination as detected by ELISA in the sera of vaccinated birds was 2560 by all strains in contrast to the HI titres of 640 to 1280. The antibody titre was higher in all pre- and post-vaccination sera as determined by ELISA than detected by HI test.

Animals↗