Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Multiparity”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Influence of single and repeated pregnancies on the incidence of primary tumors induced by SV40 virus in hamsters].

The influence of the single and repeated pregnancies on the SV40-induced carcinogenesis in Syrian hamsters was studied. It was shown that the frequency of the primary tumours in females which become pregnant 1-5 times during the latent period of SV40 carcinogenesis was significantly lower in comparison with virgin females observed in the same experiment. However, these differences apparently had no connection with the immunization of multiparous females with embryonic antigens, as the frequency and the time of appearance of primary tumours in males were the same as in multiparous females.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Perinatal outcome in older primiparas].

Pregnancy, delivery and the newborn infant of 212 old primiparas (aged greater than or equal to 35 years) and of 1968 age-matched old multiparas as controls were studied for the 1970-1989 period. The frequency of old primiparas and old multiparas was 0.9% and 4.1%, respectively, with no change for the 1970-1979 (1.0%) and 1980-1989 (0.8%) periods. The mean age in the old primiparous and old multiparous groups was 38.08 + 4.2 and 38.2 + 4.8 years, respectively (P greater than 0.05). The old primiparas had an average of 7.37 +/- 2.8 antenatal visits, whereas the old multiparas had 6.08 +/- 3.3 visits (P less than 0.05). The old primiparous group included more employees and fewer unskilled workers and housewives (P less than 0.05), more urban and unmarried pregnant women (P less than 0.001), whereas the old multiparas had more spontaneous and induced abortions (P less than 0.05). Threatened abortion (23.7%), EPH gestosis (20.3%), meconium-stained amniotic fluid (21.7%), caesarean section (35.8%), placental lysis or uterine exploration (6.6%) and episiotomy (100.0%) are more frequent in old primiparas than in old multiparas (P less than 0.05). The duration of labour in old primiparas tends to be longer: there was a significantly smaller number of pregnant women with an up 6-hour duration of labour (42.5%; P less than 0.05). The average duration of labour in the old primiparous and old multiparous groups was 8.18 +/- 5.40 and 5.89 +/- 3.80 hours, respectively (P less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Female↗
PubMed1990

Success of a program of routine prenatal screening for hepatitis B surface antigen: the first 2 years.

Prenatal screening for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) restricted to women with defined risk factors for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection fails to identify many carriers. A centralized program of routine HBsAg screening for all pregnant women in Alberta was introduced in 1985. We collected and analysed data for the first 2 years of the program in Edmonton to determine the frequency of risk factors for HBsAg positivity, the proportion of multiparous HBsAg-positive women not identified in previous pregnancies, the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of providing immunoprophylaxis to infants at risk of HBV infection and the degree of success in inducing adequate protection. A total of 149 women (158 pregnancies) were found to be HBsAg positive. Risk factors were readily ascertainable for 85% of the women; the remaining 15% would not have been identified through risk-selective screening. The most common risk factors were Oriental ethnic origin, history of hepatitis, jaundice or multiple transfusions of blood or blood products, and occupational exposure to blood. Although 86% of the multiparous HBsAg-positive women had risk factors, only 7% had been identified in previous pregnancies. The Alberta program appears to be cost-effective. We conclude that only routine prenatal screening will identify all infants at risk of perinatal HBV infection and that a comprehensive public health program involving central laboratories, private physicians and public health staff can be highly effective and efficient in protecting infants against hepatitis B.

Alberta↗
PubMed1990

HLA-A and HLA-B antibodies of pregnant mothers in Malaysia.

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and specificity of HLA-A and B antibodies in multiparous mothers in the Malaysian population. 1,100 maternal serum samples obtained during normal childbirth were screened against a panel of 100 lymphocytes with known HLA antigen types for HLA antibodies by the complement dependent lymphocyte microcytotoxicity dye exclusion test. From the total number of 1,100 samples of maternal serum that were screened for HLA antibodies only 205 specimens (18.6%) tested positive for antibodies. The percentage of maternal sera which contained HLA-B specificities (10.6%) were significantly higher than those which contained HLA-A specificities (3.0%). Sixty maternal serum samples (5.5%) had high enough titres to be utilised as tissue typing reagents. Thirty nine maternal serum samples (3.5%) contained monospecific HLA antibodies. In this study the most common monospecific HLA antibodies characterised included the following specificities: A2, B5, B17 and B40. Malaysian multiparous mothers of gravida 3, 4 and 5 had a higher frequency for producing HLA-antibodies.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1990

[Labor complications and interventions in immigrant and Danish women during the period 1983-1987].

Based on data retrieved from the Danish Medical Birth Register, deliveries among Danish and immigrant women were compared in the years 1983-1987. The women were divided into two groups, primiparous and multiparous, and then compared by frequency and type of complications and interventions during labour. Five hospitals in the Copenhagen area were selected and more than 40,000 women were included in the survey. About 3,500 were from Yugoslavia, Turkey, Pakistan and Morocco and the remainder were from Denmark. An increased frequency of complications and interventions during labour was recorded among primiparous in comparison to multiparous during the period. This observation was not related to nationality. Stimulation of labour by intravenous drugs was more frequent among immigrant women than Danish women and was particular frequent among Moroccan and Pakistani women. Among these nationalities higher frequencies of complications were not recorded and the use of intravenous drugs did not imply more instrumental deliveries. It is presumed that one of the reasons why the use of intravenous drugs is more frequent among immigrant women is due to a feeling of insecurity during labour. This might be caused by defective communication between the woman in labour and the midwife. The subject calls for closer investigations based on case records and the women's own experiences. The necessities for special training of immigrant women and staff members in maternity wards are pointed out.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A low dose oxytocin regime for induction and augmentation of labour.

A low dose oxytocin regime was used in Labour Ward, Alexandra Hospital for the induction and augmentation of labour. It utilised an oxytocin infusion administered in an arithmetic progression from 1 to 16 mU in a peristaltic infusion pump. A total of 100 patients (67 for augmentation and 33 for induction of labour) classified according to parity were studied. An overall vaginal delivery rate of 87% was obtained. The overall mean durations of labour for nulliparous and multiparous patients were 6.6 hours (S.D. +/- 2.9 hours) and 4.9 hours (S.D. +/- 2.8 hours) respectively. The mean induction delivery time for nulliparous patients was 6.4 hours (S.D. +/- 3.2 hours) and for multiparous patients it was 4.0 hours (S.D. +/- 2.2 hours). About 69% of the nulliparae and 94% of the multiparae who were induced delivered within 9 hours. All the induced patients delivered within 12 hours. Neonatal outcome was good as assessed by Apgar score.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Pre-existing diseases as risk factors and prognosis of genito-urinary infection in pregnancy].

With the intention of reducing the abortion, preterm delivery and perinatal mortality caused by the genito urinary infection (GUI) we attempt to identify the risk factors and with those make a diagnostic test, that permits detection and prediction of GUI during gestation period. Morbidity records that suggests alterations of immune response were studied in a group of 165 pregnant women that presented GUI and were compared with 86 pregnant women without GUI. As risk antecedents, we found: spontaneous abortions of second trimester 42.4% (study group) and 6.9% (control group) (p < 0.01), repeated vaginitis 31.5% and 2.3% (p < 0.01) urinary tract infection (UTI) 29.7% and 6.92% (p < 0.01), preterm deliveries 17.6% and 3.52% (p < 0.01), puerperal infection 9.12% and 0.0% (p < 0.05), familiar diabetes 21.2% and 8.12% (p < 0.05). Psychiatric pathology 12.72 and 3.5% (p < 0.05), typhoid fever 12.1% and 3.5% (p < 0.05) and surgical infections 16.4% and 8.12% (p < 0.1). A score was elaborated assigning 1/2 point to: puerperal infections, familiar diabetes, psychiatric pathology, typhoid fever and surgical infections; 1 point to: abortion, vaginitis, UTI and preterm delivery and 2 points to: repeated abortion, UTI and preterm delivery. Patients were divided in multiparous and primiparas. In multiparous with 1 or more points we found: sensitivity 75.3%, specificity 81%, positive predictive value 89.3%, negative predictive value 60.7% and accuracy 77.1%. In primiparas with 1/2 or more points we found: sensitivity 61.8%, specificity 70.5%, positive predictive value 78.3%, negative predictive value 51.7% and accuracy 65%.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Late complications of episiotomy].

By means of a questionnaire and partly by phone calls 467 women who delivered at the Universitäts-Frauenklinik Tübingen 1-5 years ago were interviewed regarding perineal discomfort, wound healing and anal incontinence. 106 women have had a mediolateral episiotomy, 250 a median episiotomy (including 115 complete perineotomies) and 111 women have had no episiotomy. Dyspareunia was reported in 47% of the primiparous woman and by 22% of multiparous women with episiotomy; by contrast without episiotomy, this problem occurred only in 7% and 8% of primiparous and multiparous patients respectively (p less than 0.01). Perineal pain while sitting on a chair was reported by 30% of women with mediolateral episiotomy as compared to 19% of those with median episiotomy or complete perineotomy and 4.5% without episiotomy (median episiotomy vs. mediolateral episiotomy: p less than 0.05, episiotomy vs. no episiotomy: p less than 0.001). Occasional involuntary passage of flatus occurred in 18%, 22% and 14% respectively (differences not significant); involuntary passage of faeces in 7%, 9% and 1% respectively (episiotomy vs. no episiotomy: p less than 0.01). The occasional involuntary passage of faeces persisted for more than 6 months in 2 of 106 women with mediolateral episiotomy and in 3 of 250 women with median episiotomy. Because of the good healing of adequately reconstructed perineal tears and the better outcome of median episiotomy as compared to mediolateral episiotomy the authors advocate to use episiotomy restrictively and, if enlargement of the vaginal outlet is indicated, to use median rather than mediolateral episiotomy. If necessary, median episiotomy may be extended to complete perineotomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Postoperative eventrations. Apropos of 247 surgically treated cases].

The 247 eventrations operated upon concerned 230 patients (60% women and 40% men) mean age 54.5 years. Eventrations were large (collar greater than 10 cm) in 18, 5% and were in the median line in 81%. Serial laparotomies by the same approach had been performed in 21%, the principal causes of eventration being biliary and gynecologic surgery. Parietal sepsis developed in 31,5% of cases after operation for the original affection. Classical favoring factors found included obesity (51%), multiparity (42% of women) and chronic lung disease (14%). Preoperative preparation involved the use of Goni Moreno's progressive pneumoperitoneum in 18,5% of patients. Procedures used were parietal repair by raphe (22%), the same but with the addition of a dacron prosthesis (6%) or the large dacron tulle prosthesis for wide reinforcement of the visceral sac (67% of cases). Early sepsis was a slightly more frequent occurrence after dacron tulle, predisposing factors being the prosthesis itself, a previous history of parietal sepsis, swabs and the number of Redon tubes. After use of dacron tulle complications were mainly also hematoma (3.2%) and skin necrosis (2,6%). Postoperative course in general was uncomplicated in 91% of the 247 operations. Follow up of 67% of operated patients for a mean of 5 1/2 years showed recurrence in 50% of raphe procedures and 18.5% of prosthesis implantations; factors of aseptic recurrence (16,5%) were multiparity and chronic lung disease. Delayed sepsis after dacron tulle use affected 8% of patients and were related to chronicity of early sepsis, nonresorbable sutures and sepsis complicating the primary laparotomy. Doming of the parietal wall was noted in 4% of cases repaired by prosthesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Female↗
PubMed1988

[Retrospective study of 33 cases of obstetric paralysis of the brachial plexus].

Thirty-three cases of obstetrical paralysis of the brachial plexus have been seen in 15 years in the gynaecological and obstetrical department of the University Hospital Pitié Salpêtrière. The authors, from studying these cases, work out the factors that tend to bring about this pathological condition. They are: multiparity, excessive weight gain in pregnancy, fetal excessive growth, prolonged second stage of labour, instrumental delivery and shoulder dystocia in cephalic presentations. In breech presentations it is mainly faulty performance of the manoeuvres that are needed to deliver the shoulders. These lesions involve, in most cases, the roots of C5 and C6. Spontaneous regression occurs very often. The authors have found 25% of sequellae. It is difficult to prevent shoulder dystocia. It consists in realising well the size of the fetus and using instruments really sensibly when the presenting part is high in a primiparous woman. In a multiparous woman one has to be on the look-out for increasing macrosomia of the fetus and it is important to teach the manoeuvres that are necessary to deal with shoulder dystocia. As far as breech delivery is concerned the major risk is the delivery itself without there being any need for fetal or maternal criteria to alter matters. Therefore prevention in this presentation has to be the presence of a competent obstetrician at each delivery always.

Brachial Plexus↗
PubMed1987

[Pregnancy and delivery in grand multiparas in Morocco].

The authors analysed 602 case histories of patients who had had 6 deliveries or more in order to evaluate the prognosis of grand multiparity and its repercussions on the mother and infant. The authors point out that all the complications of pregnancy and the puerperium can occur but with an increased frequency. In particular toxaemia of pregnancy, abruptio placentae and dystocic labours, as well as uterine rupture, occur. The prognosis for the fetus is also made worse because they are threatened with prematurity and death. The authors conclude that only making antenatal care obligatory and a better acceptance of family planning could one day bring success to the fight against the rapid advance to grand multiparity which is not controlled and to avoid the risks of the condition.

Delivery, Obstetric↗
PubMed1987

Biochemical determination of plasma oxytocinase during pregnancy.

We measured oxytocinase (cystine aminopeptidase-CAP) activity in the plasma of primiparous and multiparous pregnant women who were examined periodically during gestation. The level of CAP increased from the beginning to the end of pregnancy. The activity of CAP in primiparous women was higher than in multiparous women.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sheehan syndrome in the Republic of Niger. 19 cases].

From February 1983 to December 1985, the authors investigated 19 african women with Sheehan's syndrome in Niamey (Republic of Niger). A 15 points diagnostic score was systematically used. Two signs were indispensable for the diagnosis: post-partum agalactia (or severe hypogalactia) and amenorrhea. At least 9 points score was found for every case. Eighteen patients lived along a major road in Niamey and in Dosso departments. The prevalence of this disease is probably important but many cases were not diagnosed since there was no medical examination. Sheehan's syndrome was predominantly diagnosed among Fulani women. Young women (mean age: 26 years) in intensive sexual life, primiparous (8/9) or multiparous (11/19) were concerned. Emergence circumstances of signs were: childbirth at home (18/19), severe vaginal bleeding at placental birth (14/19), rare transfusions (2/19). The infant of a mother with Sheehan's syndrome had a poor prognosis: 9 deaths among 11 deliveries for multiparous, 7/8 for monoparous. The infants were stillborn or more often dead during the first months. Deaths were in relation to absence of maternal lactation. For the primiparous, then infertile women because of hypopituitarism, the repudiation becomes often the only social way of life. Lasting hormonotherapy was not available because 18/19 patients were very poor. Prevention is not possible before long, especially in primiparous, because of: the mentality: the first delivery at home with the mother is the traditional habit; the importance of the required measures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Transition from latent to active labor.

The transition from the latent to the active phase of labor, as defined by Friedman, was studied in all noncomplicated patients over a four-year period. Mothers studied were in spontaneous labor with a singleton fetus in the vertex position with intact membranes at admission. The independent variables were the parity and vaginal examination data, and the dependent variable was the rate of cervical dilation. The transition from latent to active labor was recorded and stratified by the cervical dilation where it occurred in a sample population consisting of 1060 nulliparous and 639 primiparous or multiparous women. There were no differences between nulliparous and multiparous patients. Less than 50% of labors became active by the time the cervixes had reached 4-cm dilation. By 5 cm, 74% of labors were active. However, when protracted and arrested labors were eliminated, 60% of the patients had reached the latent-active transition by 4 cm and 89% by 5 cm. We concluded that once a normal patient has reached 5 cm, she should be in the active phase of labor. If not, there is a high probability of labor dystocia.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of genotype, age and season on preovulatory follicles in the rabbit 8 hours after mating].

The purpose of this study was to compare the population of preovulatory follicles in two INRA strains of rabbits of different natural ovulation rates. The two strains chosen were the Californian (A1066) with an ovulation rate of 13 and the New Zealand (A1077) with an ovulation rate of 11. Nulliparous, primiparous and multiparous does were followed during the four seasons. Eight hours after mating the right ovaries of 154 of these animals were collected. The following data were recorded : the number of follicles with an area equal to or more than 5.10(5) micron 2 (diameter : 0.8 mm), the area of that section of the follicle containing the oocyte, and the presence of pyknotic cells with granulosa. The higher ovulation rate of Californian does was due to a significantly higher number of healthy follicles. The mean size of these follicles, their area (between 5.10(5) micron 2 and 3.10(6) micron 2) distribution and rate of atresia were similar in the two strains. Environmental factors led to changes in the number and size of healthy follicles which were responsible for the number of ovulations, while the rate of atresia remained constant. The seasonal effect was most marked in November by a definite reduction in follicle size, particularly in multiparous does. Follicle number and size increased with parity number; this seemed to be due to an acceleration of the growth rate and to the increasing number of large-sized follicles. As there were no interactions between genotype and environmental factors, it can be concluded that the latter modified follicular growth parameters in the same way in both strains and that these strains can be identified in all cases on the basis of their ovarian characteristics. About 1/3 of the does exhibited almost exclusively healthy follicles, while in the remaining 2/3 both healthy and atretic follicles were seen. These proportions were the same in both female genotypes. Those possessing only healthy follicles also had the largest ones. It is suggested that atresia could be a regulatory factor of ovulation rate along with the preovulatory level of FSH. 23% of the does accepting the buck showed no oocytes in meiosis, even though their follicle size exceeded 5.10(5) micron 2. Th mean number of these follicles was the same as that of does with oocytes in meiosis, but they were half as large. It is suggested that the follicle oestrogen secretion of these does was not high enough to induce ovulatory release of LH at mating.

Aging↗
PubMed1975

Characterization of cytotoxic effector cells in the mouse mammary tumor system.

Cell types involved in the immune response in vitro to MTV-induced BALB/cfC3H mammary tumors have been studied with techniques designed to inactivate or deplete different cytotoxic effector cells from spleen cells populations. The minimal activity of spleen cells from neonatally MTV-infected virgin BALB/cfC3H females is dependent upon the presence of T cells. Spleens from multiparous BALB/cfC3H females bearing small tumors are similar to those of tumor-free multiparous females. However, after the tumors grow to large size, the activity of the non-T cell population is no longer detectable. The cytotoxic activity of spleen cells from BALB/c females older than 14 weeks (supposedly not infected with MTV) is not dependent upon the presence of T cells. No activity is shown by spleen cells from BALB/c females younger than 14 weeks. Positive control spleen cells were obtained from C3H female mice who had been immunized to BALB/c histocompatibility antigens by a skin allograft; both a T cell and a non-T cell response were found.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Blocking of spleen cell activity against target mammary tumor cells by viral antigens.

Spleen cells from BALB/c females exposed to or neonatally infected with mammary tumor virus (MTV) are cytotoxic to MTV-induced mammary tumor cells in microcytotoxocity assay. This activity can be partially or completely blocked by pretreatment of spleen cells with MTV purified from milk. Murine leukemia virus (MuLV) has no effect. T cell responses of virgin and multiparous BALB/cfC3H females are effectively blocked. Non-T cell responses of multiparous BALB/cfC3H females or of virgin BALB/c females are blocked by some but not all of the MTV antigen preparations. MuLV, but not MTV, can block activity of spleen cells from MuLV-sensitized donors against target MuLV-producing tumor cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Trends in maternal mortality in Cape Town, 1953-1977.

In the period 1953 - 1977 there were 223 maternal deaths among 291 800 patients delivered in hospitals under the aegis of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the University of Cape Town. A sudden decrease in the maternal mortality rate to below 100/100,000 deliveries occurred in 1956, largely due to the greater use of the obstetric 'flying squad'. Since 1975 maternal mortality rates have been available for the various ethnic groups. For the period 1975 - 1977 the rates were 69/100,000 for Blacks, 40/100,000 for Coloureds and 27/100000 for Whites. Of the deaths, 48% occurred in women aged 21 - 30 years and 29% in those aged 35 years or more. While 28% of deaths were associated with the first pregnancy, grand multiparity (parity 5 or more) accounted for 39%. Nearly half of the patients who died were unbooked. The 7 commonest causes (grouped) of maternal deaths (obstetric as well as non-obstetric) were, in rank order: proteinuric hypertension, haemorrhage, cardiac disease, pulmonary embolism, sepsis, trauma and anaesthetic complications. Proteinuric hypertension is the most important obstetric problem in Cape Town, in terms of numbers of patients, maternal and perinatal deaths, and socio-economic implications for the community. Slightly more than 33% of the infants whose mothers died also succumbed. Major avoidable factors associated with maternal deaths were booking status, grand multiparity, cardiac disease and late or incorrect use of the 'flying squad'.

Adult↗