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PubMed1998

Parasitic relationship between Microsporum canis and the cat.

Cats are often cited as reservoirs of M. canis but it is questionable whether M. canis is part of the resident flora of the cat's skin and hair or only a transient organism. Studies indicate that M. canis is most often isolated from cats at risk of infection or exposure from other infected cats or from a contaminated environment. Many more cats are culture-positive for M. canis than have dermatophytosis. Culture isolation alone is not an indication of dermatophytosis; the diagnosis of dermatophytosis requires microscopic evidence of infection as well as culture evidence of the presence of the dermatophyte. The cat's hair coat adopts the culture image of its surroundings. Diverse factors may influence the frequency of isolation of M. canis. Nevertheless, isolation of M. canis implies either active disease or fomite carriage and warrants aggressive investigation of the clinical situation.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

A survey of dermatophytes isolated from human patients in the United States from 1979 to 1981 with chronological listings of worldwide incidence of five dermatophytes often isolated in the United States.

A survey of dermatophytes isolated from patients seeking medical advice was made from 1979 to 1981 in the United States. The survey included 54 locations with data from 40 cities and 2 states. Correlations of these data with that of the other localities of the world were made to illustrate the dynamic epidemiology of several common dermatophytes. The most often isolated dermatophyte in this survey was Trichophyton rubrum having 53.66% of the total for these three calendar years. In a chronological listing of ringworm infections caused by this organism, many areas of the world have reported similar increased incidence of this pathogen. Trichophyton tonsurans was isolated 27.85% of the total. A dramatic increase of this pathogen as a cause of tinea capitis has been observed in most cities of the United States. It has been isolated in 25 different countries of the world. The percentage of isolation of Trichophyton mentagrophytes was 8.56%. This percentage may not be near the true incidence of infection by this dermatophyte because the infections are mild and respond to treatment without the individual seeking medical advice. Since the 1950s the percentage of isolations of the total has dropped for T. mentagrophytes in the United States. Epidermophyton floccosum accounted for 4.36% of the total. In a few areas of the world it causes over 30% of the total of dermatophytoses. Microsporum canis was isolated 3.72% of the total in the United States. It has recently been reported to be the dominant agent of tinea capitis in several South American countries, Tucson, Arizona and Kuwait. Once the dominant pathogen of tinea capitis in children in the United States, it was replaced by Microsporum audouinii before 1960. Today in the United States, M. audouinii only accounts for 0.30% of the total. It is considered eliminated as a pathogen in England. In this survey, isolated less than 1.0% of the total were Microsporum gypseum. Microsporum ferrugineum , Microsporum nanum , Microsporum fulvum and Trichophyton schoenleinii . Trichophyton meginii and Trichophyton terrestre were reported isolated but no numerical data were available.

Arthrodermataceae↗
PubMed1986

Isolation of keratinophilic fungi from floors in Roman kindergarten and secondary schools.

We examined the dust collected from the floors of forty classrooms, twenty in kindergarten schools (children aged 2-5) and twenty in secondary schools (students aged 11-14) in order to determine the diffusion of keratinophilic fungi in respect to such different factors as human presence and children's age. In the kindergarten schools 268 colonies of keratinophilic fungi were isolated: 50 were Microsporum, 6 Trichophyton and 212 Chrysosporium species. Members of the Chrysosporium genus were found the widely diffused. It is interesting to note the isolation of M. gypseum in two schools. In the secondary schools 847 colonies of keratinophilic fungi were isolated: 727 were Chrysosporium, 81 Microsporum, 38 Trichophyton and 1 Epidermophyton species. Again the Chrysosporium species were the most widely diffused. It is remarkable to point out the isolation of pathogenic species such as Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum and the rather rare Microsporum vanbreuseghemii.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Pattern of dermatophyte infection in Singapore.

Dermatophyte infection is the fourth commonest skin disorder seen in the National Skin Centre in Singapore. A prospective study was carried out from June 1990 to March 1991 to determine the epidemiology and pattern of dermatophyte infections seen in this centre. Two hundred patients who had a clinical diagnosis of dermatophyte infection and confirmed by direct microscopy were included into the study. Cultures for dermatophyte were done on Sabouraud's dextrose agar with chloramphenicol and cycloheximide. There were 148 male and 52 female patients, of whom 146 (73%) had a positive culture from one or more sites. One hundred and thirty-nine (95.2%) patients had dermatophyte infection while the remaining seven (4.8%) patients had non-dermatophyte infection. The sites involved were the groin (92 patients), feet (52 patients), trunk (26 patients), hands (18 patients), face (9 patients), legs (9 patients), scalp (8 patients) and axilla (7 patients). The commonest dermatophyte isolated was Trichophyton rubrum (81/139). It was also the commonest organism isolated in all the sites except the scalp. The other dermatophytes grown were, in order of frequency, Trichophyton interdigitale (21/139), Epidermophyton floccosum (19/139), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (9/139), Microsporum ferrigineum (4/139), Microsporum canis (4/139) and Microsporum gypseum (1/139). Scalp infections occurred in children and were due either to Microsporum canis or Microsporum ferrigineum. The organisms isolated in our study were either ubiquitous or common in the Asia-Pacific region indicating that certain dermatophytes are more prevalent in certain geographical regions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Epidemiology of dermatomycoses of humans in central Poland. Part V. Tinea corporis.

The total number of dermatophytoses (7393) included 2204 (29.8%) cases of tinea glabrosa. Etiological factors in descending order were: Microsporum canis (23.5%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. granulosum (21.6%), Trichophyton rubrum (17.8%), Trichophyton tonsurans (10.4%), Epidermophyton floccosum (7.7%), T. mentagrophytes var. quinckeanum (6.0%), Microsporum gypseum (5.3%), Trichophyton violaceum (3.7%), T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale (2.3%), Microsporum equinum (0.7%), Trichophyton verrucosum (0.4%), Trichophyton spec. (0.4%), Microsporum cookei (0.14%). At present tinea glabrosa is dominant among all clinical forms of dermatophyte infections of skin and skin appendages in the Lódź region.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Dermatophytes isolated from asymptomatic stray cats.

Most human cases of dermatophytosis diagnosed in Siena, Italy, in the last 5 years have been caused by two zoophilic species: Microsporum canis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Since many patients had a history of contact with apparently healthy stray cats, we examined the fur of 173 stray cats for dermatophytes. The cats were captured in different parts of Siena and none of them had mycotic lesions. Microsporum canis was isolated in 82 cats, Trichophyton mentagrophytes in three and Microsporum gypseum in one. Trichophyton terrestre was isolated in two cats. No significant differences were found in terms of sex and race, however, healthy carriers were significantly more frequent in the 1-year age group. The investigation showed that, in Siena, stray cats are a significant reservoir of Microsporum canis and source of infection for man.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2001

[Mixed dermatophyte infection in a cat].

Skin mycoses in animals are mostly caused by Microsporum canis, Microsporum persicolor, Microsporum gypseum and in rare cases by Trichophyton mentagrophytes. As a rule only one dermatophyte species is isolated from skin lesions, but at times mixed infection with bacteria occur. In the described case in a cat with typical dermatomycosis, Microsporum canis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes were isolated simultaneously. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case of mixed dermatophyte infection to be descibed in the cat. This paralell infection may suggests, that primary infection of one dermatophyte does not prevent the animal from a secondary infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Taxonomic study of keratinophilic fungi isolated from soil and some mammals in France.

In France, most of the researches have showed the distribution of dermatophytes and other keratinophilic fungi in the soil and in the coat of wild mammals. During these last years, we have also practiced numerous investigations about the distribution of such fungi. The isolated species are: Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton terrestre, Trichophyton ajelloï, Trichophyton simii, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum cookei, Microsporum nanum, Microsporum persicolor, Anixiopsis stercoraria, Chrysosporium keratinophilum, Chrysosporium tropicum, Chrysosporium state of Arthroderma curreyi, Chrysosporium state of Arthroderma cuniculi, Chrysosporium state of Arthroderma tuberculatum, Chrysosporium state of Arthroderma multifidum, Ctenomycès serratus, Chrysosporium parvum, Chrysosporium indicum, Chrysosporium georgii, Chrysosporium merdarium, Chrysosporium asperatum, Chrysosporium pannorum. A key to these species is proposed: it attempts to provide an aid in identifying geophilic dermatophytes and related fungi (belonging to the Chrysosporium genus).

Animals↗