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Results for “Lymphatic Abnormalities”

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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

E-cadherin expression as a marker of tumor aggressiveness in routinely processed radical prostatectomy specimens.

OBJECTIVES: Approximately 30% of clinically localized prostate adenocarcinomas treated by radical prostatectomy (RP) will recur within 10 years. To prevent recurrence, new adjuvant therapies are in development that seek to treat high-risk patients after surgery. To identify patients as candidates for these treatments, improved biomarkers for predicting prognosis are needed. Reduced expression of E-cadherin has been proposed as a new marker for predicting prognosis in prostate adenocarcinoma. Since few studies have examined the relation between risk factors for disease progression and E-cadherin expression using routinely processed RP specimens, we used RP specimens to correlate downregulation of E-cadherin and pathologic stage at RP. METHODS: Primary adenocarcinomas (n = 76) from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded RP specimens were evaluated by immunohistochemistry against E-cadherin (HECD-1) using heat-induced epitope retrieval and automated staining (BioTek Solutions). Normal appearing prostate epithelium was used as an internal control for each specimen. Staining was scored as an estimate of the percentage of tumor cells in each specimen that showed strong plasma membrane staining. RESULTS: Specimens were divided into three categories with respect to Gleason score: intermediate (score 5 to 6, n = 31), intermediate to high (score 7, n = 25), and high (score 8 to 9, n = 20). For pathologic stage, specimens were divided into three categories: low stage/organ confined (pT2, n = 30), intermediate stage/limited extraprostatic extension (pT3a, n = 25), and high stage/seminal vesicle-pelvic lymph node metastases (pT3b-any pTN1, n = 21). In univariate analysis, reduced levels of E-cadherin correlated with advanced Gleason score (P = 0.003) and advanced pathologic stage (P = 0.008). In multivariate analysis, E-cadherin, preoperative prostate-specific antigen, and Gleason score all contributed independently to the prediction of high-stage disease (P<0.0001). Ten pelvic lymph node metastases from this same patient cohort were stained for E-cadherin. All were positive and 9 of 10 were moderately to strongly positive. CONCLUSIONS: Since essentially all patients in the high-stage category have a very high likelihood of disease recurrence, we conclude that the study of E-cadherin in a prospective manner as a potential biomarker of disease progression in patients with clinically organ-confined prostate cancer who undergo RP is warranted. Additionally, our finding that most metastatic tumor cells in pelvic lymph nodes express E-cadherin supports the notion that the establishment of the distant colonization and growth of metastatic tumor cells may be facilitated by expression or re-expression of previously downregulated E-cadherin. This would strongly suggest that irreversible genetic inactivation through mutation or allelic loss at 16q2.3 is probably not the mechanism of E-cadherin downregulation in most abnormally expressing primary prostate carcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of peripheral lymphadenopathy in children.

The aim of this study was to evaluate children with lymphadenopathy and clinical approach to the suspicion of malignancy. The authors evaluated 457 patients with peripheral lymphadenopathy, less than 19 years of age, and referred to the Pediatric Oncology Department of Gazi University Medical School during the periods March 1996-April 2004. A total of 346 patients had benign disorders and 111 had malignant pathologies. Excisional biopsies were performed to 134 patients. A specific etiology could be found 39% in the benign group. Of the 457 patients, 218 were presented as acute, the rest as chronic lymphadenopathy. In the acute lymphadenopathy group, 98.2% of the patients had benign etiologies. The malignant disorders were mostly represented as chronic lymphadenopathy. Concerning the extension, 193 patients had localized lymphadenopathy and 264 had generalized lymphadenopaties. Cervical region was the most frequent site in both localized and generalized lymphadenopathy groups. Malignancies occurred as generalized lymphadenopathy. Supraclavicular area were involved only in the malignant group. Axillary involvement was predominant in BCG vaccine associated lymphadenitis and mycobacterium tuberculosis. All the lymph nodes less than 1 cm were due to benign causes. The malignant lesions were usually more than 3 cm in diameters. The following findings should alert the pediatrician for the probability of a malignant disorder: lymphadenopathy of more than 3 cm in size, of more than 4 weeks in duration, with supraclavicular involvement, and with abnormal laboratory and radiological findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Internal mammary compartment: window to the mediastinum.

PURPOSE: To determine the role of internal mammary ultrasonography (US) in assessment of the mediastinum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 66 patients (age range, 2 days to 18 years old; mean age 6.5 years) US imaging with spectral and color Doppler was used to examine the internal mammary region. Forty-four patients were suspected to have mediastinal masses; 22, vascular abnormalities. RESULTS: Five patients had abnormal internal mammary arterial flow (reversed in one). Internal mammary vein flow was reversed or absent in 10 patients with vein obstruction or Glenn shunts. Eight of 23 patients with lymphoma had internal mammary adenopathy. None of six patients with infectious mediastinal adenopathy and no patients with other benign mediastinal masses or vascular abnormalities had visualized internal mammary nodes. CONCLUSION: US and Doppler imaging of the internal mammary vessels and nodes provide valuable information about the nature of mediastinal masses and vascular disease. Flow pattern in the internal mammary vessels may elucidate abnormalities of central vessels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Sonographic evaluation of cervical lymph nodes.

OBJECTIVE: Sonography is a useful imaging tool in the evaluation of cervical lymph nodes. Gray-scale sonography and color and power Doppler sonography are commonly used in clinical practice. This article documents the common sonographic appearances of different causes of cervical lymphadenopathy. CONCLUSION: The sonographic appearances of normal nodes differ from those of abnormal nodes. Sonographic features that help to identify abnormal nodes include shape (round), absent hilus, intranodal necrosis, reticulation, calcification, matting, soft-tissue edema, and peripheral vascularity.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

Imaging of burned-out testis tumor: five new cases and review of the literature.

OBJECTIVE: Burned-out tumors of the testis are extremely rare. From 5 new cases, the clinical and radiologic findings are discussed in light of a review of the literature. METHODS: Over a 13-year period, 5 patients 17 to 50 years old were admitted with metastatic germ cell neoplasms. All were explored by thoracic and abdominal computed tomography and scrotal sonographic examination. RESULTS: The disease was revealed by the presence of lymphadenopathies in 4 of these patients: retroperitoneal in 3 and supraclavicular in the other. Scrotal sonography revealed abnormalities in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Burned-out tumors may cause some confusion in the diagnosis, because secondary tumors can often be mistaken for primary tumors. Careful evaluation of the testis is crucial for identifying the primary lesion site; all abnormalities shown on clinical or sonographic scrotal examination call for orchidectomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy: the first three cases reported in Thailand.

Three cases of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy are reported in Thai children and is probably a first report in Thailand. They were clinically characterized by bilateral massive cervical lymphadenopathy. Other lymph node groups were also involved but no extranodal manifestations could be detected. Leukocytosis with neutrophilia, hypergammaglobulinemia and polyclonal gammopathy were common features. The characteristic histopathologic findings in the involved lymph nodes included pericapsular fibrosis, markedly dilatation of subcapsular and medullary sinuses which were filled with numerous histiocytes showing active phagocytosis of lymphocytes and lymphoplasmacytoid proliferation in paracortical strands and medullary cord. The disease characteristically has a benign protracted clinical course, and does not respond to either irradiation or chemotherapy. The etiology and pathogenesis of this disorder are unknown. The possible pathologic mechanisms include an abnormal response to a specific infectious process and an immune deficiency status.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Lipolymph nodes of the mesentery.

Although lipolymph nodes have previously involved only pelvic or retroperitoneal lymph nodes, two patients are presented with lipolymph nodes involving the intestinal mesentery. The definitive diagnoses were made by exploratory laparotomy and multiple biopsies of intrabdominal lymph nodes. Both patients with lipolymph nodes are obese, middle-aged, and female, which is the typical clinical presentation. The microscopic picture is distinctive. The lymph nodes are entirely replaced by adipose tissue and have a thin outer rim of nodal tissue. The patient with a diagnosis of lipolymph nodes of the mesentery or the pelvis and retroperitoneum should receive conservative surgical treatment. Since the disease appears to have a benign course, surgical extirpation of abnormal lymph nodes is not needed or warranted.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2006

Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis after autologous stem cell transplantation.

Although glomerulonephritis and renal failure have been observed after allogenic stem cell transplantation, only a few such reports were published about patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation. We report a case of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis developing 4 months after autologous stem cell transplantation for chronic lymphatic leukemia. Serological test results, together with histological, immunohistochemical, and electronic microscopic findings of a kidney biopsy specimen, confirmed the diagnosis of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis in our patient. Complement and immunoglobulin A were not present in the kidney biopsy specimen. An abnormal clone, not previously reported, with the translocation t(5;11)(q31;q13) in blood and bone marrow was observed. The reason for and whether progenitor cells in stem cell transplantations could contribute to the development of glomerulonephritis remain open questions. Kidney biopsy should be performed in patients with microscopic hematuria and/or proteinuria after autologous stem cell transplantation.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1980

Prelymphomatous and lymphomatous changes in splenomegaly of new zealand black mice.

The incidence of splenomegaly was 39.6% in the nontreated group and 41.0% in the treated group, not significantly different between both groups. Thymic lymphoma group shared 27.6%, while the nonthymic lymphoma group 67.9%, significantly different between both. Histological findings of splenomegaly of the nonlymphoma groups were divided into the following 5 types. 1) follicular form, 2) periarterial lymphatic sheath form, 3) red pulp hematopoietic form, 4) marginal zone form, and 5) red pulp reticulosis form. Histology of the spleen in the lymphoma group resembled each form of cases of splenomegaly in the nonlymphoma group. Lymphoma based upon immune abnormality and specific to this kind of mouse in nonthymic lymphoma continuously takes place from prelymphomatous changes in the nonlymphoma group. Splenic origin and role of mariginal zone of nonthymic lymphoma in murine lymphoma is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Thin-section CT of the secondary pulmonary lobule: anatomy and the image--the 2004 Fleischner lecture.

The secondary pulmonary lobule is a fundamental unit of lung structure, and it reproduces the lung in miniature. Airways, pulmonary arteries, veins, lymphatics, and the lung interstitium are all represented at the level of the secondary lobule. Several of these components of the secondary lobule are normally visible on thin-section computed tomographic (CT) scans of the lung. The recognition of lung abnormalities relative to the structures of the secondary lobule is fundamental to the interpretation of thin-section CT scans. Pathologic alterations in secondary lobular anatomy visible on thin-section CT scans include interlobular septal thickening and diseases with peripheral lobular distribution, centrilobular abnormalities, and panlobular abnormalities. The differential diagnosis of lobular abnormalities is based on comparisons between lobular anatomy and lung pathology.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diseases affecting the peribronchovascular interstitium: CT findings and pathologic correlation.

Central bronchi and pulmonary arteries are surrounded and enveloped by a strong connective-tissue sheath termed the peribronchovascular interstitium, extending from the level of the pulmonary hila into the peripheral lung. Thickening of the peribronchovascular interstitium can be seen in a wide variety of diseases. The CT appearance can be smooth, nodular, or irregular depending on the underlying cause. Many of the diseases affecting the peribronchovascular interstitium are entities that show a predilection for lymphatic routes, such as sarcoidosis, pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis, silicosis, and lymphoproliferative disorders. There are other entities that mainly affect the peribronchovascular interstitium without a predominant perilymphatic distribution, such as hydrostatic pulmonary edema, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, Kaposi's sarcoma, interstitial pulmonary emphysema, and interstitial hemorrhage. Although there is an overlap in radiologic features, some CT findings are useful in differentiating among these entities. When CT shows mainly peribronchovascular abnormality, the differential diagnosis is considerably reduced, and it is generally possible to reach the correct diagnosis by considering the clinical context. We illustrate the CT findings and pathologic correlation for a number of different disorders that mainly affect the peribronchovascular interstitium.

Bronchial Arteries↗
PubMed1991

Prenatal diagnosis of cystic hygroma and chorioangioma in the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome.

We report the prenatal diagnosis of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (4p-) in a 24-week-old fetus. Echographic features included cystic hygroma, a complex heart defect with right ventricular hypoplasia, and a large placental chorioangioma. We suggest that chorioangioma may be associated with chromosomal imbalance and that systematic careful morphologic examination of the fetus and karyotyping of any pregnancy in which large chorioangioma is detected is advisable. Jugular lymphatic obstruction sequence has not been reported so far in association with 4p-syndrome.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1984

Peritoneal cytology in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.

The importance of peritoneal cytology was investigated in 163 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Of 116 patients undergoing primary evaluation and treatment 3 (2.5%) had abnormal cytology. No abnormal specimens were found in 77 patients undergoing radical hysterectomy. Five (10.6%) of forty-seven patients evaluated and treated for posttreatment recurrence had abnormal cytology. All eight patients with abnormal cytology had other poor prognostic factors and are dead of cancer. The relevance of abnormal cytology is discussed.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMed1994

p53 alterations in gastric carcinoma: a study of 56 primary tumors and 204 nodal metastases.

We have looked for LOH, mutation, and expression of p53 in a series of 56 primary gastric carcinomas, using Southern blotting, constant denaturant gel electrophoresis (CDGE), direct sequencing, and immunohistochemistry. Two hundred-four lymph node metastases from 36 of these cases were also studied by immunohistochemistry. Loss of constitutional heterozygosity for the p53 locus was detected in five of 16 informative cases; in four of these cases there was a concurrent point mutation at the retained allele. Immunoreactivity for p53 product and mutation of p53 were observed in nine and 10 of the 56 tumors, respectively. There was no significant relationship between p53 immunoreactivity or mutation and pathologic features. The overall prevalence of p53 mutations, as detected by CDGE, was 18%. Direct sequencing confirmed p53 mutations (all G:C-A:T transitions) in seven cases, six of which were missense mutations; the remaining case was a silent mutation. In three of the cases with missense mutations, these occurred at CpG dinucleotides (codons 175, 273, and 282). Three cases with immunoreactivity for p53 product in the primary tumor also showed positive staining in the metastases. In two of these cases (with six and nine metastases, respectively) a positive staining was observed in all lymph node metastases, whereas in the remaining case only two of four nodal metastases were positively stained. In no single case was a positive staining observed in a metastasis where the primary tumor gave a negative staining result. Five of the six cases with p53 mutations and fresh material available for cell culture were successfully grown in vitro and all had abnormal karyotypes.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The expression of lysozyme in multiple myeloma.

Lysozyme, a hitherto myelomonocytic marker, has been previously reported as being raised in the sera of some myeloma patients. This fact, and the sporadical observation of a positive immunohistochemical lysozyme staining seen in some myelomas, prompted us to systematically search for an expression of lysozyme in both neoplastic and reactive plasma cells. A total of 74 paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed, EDTA-decalcified core biopsies of newly diagnosed cases of plasmacytoma were immunohistochemically investigated for lysozyme expression by a modified avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase technique. The myelomas were subclassified according to their nuclear maturity into poorly differentiated plasmacytoma (PDP) (30 cases), moderately differentiated plasmacytoma (MDP) (24 cases), and well differentiated plasmacytoma (WDP) (20 cases). An unexpected lysozyme positivity was seen in 16/74 cases, and was most prevalent in 10/30 cases of PDP. No correlation has been detected between either lysozyme and kappa or lambda light chain expression, or an abnormal activity of chloroacetate esterase sometimes seen in myeloma. Since lysozyme has not been found in normal plasma cells or reactive plasmacytosis, the expression of this antigen in myeloma represents another example of so-called lineage infidelity, and parallels the previously reported abnormal expression of other myelomonocytic markers in some myelomas and a myeloma cell line. Apart from the unsettled prognostic impact, a facultative lysozyme expression in myeloma must be always considered when applying algorhythmic immunohistological strategies in delineating the histogenesis of haematopoietic or lymphatic malignancies.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma involving the uterine cervix after treatment for Hodgkin disease.

The occurrence of second malignancies is an important late event following the treatment of Hodgkin's disease (HD). Occurrence of a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) involving the uterine cervix after treatment for HD has not been previously reported. We describe a rare case of a 34-year old woman, with NHL involving the uterine cervix 7.5 years after treatment for HD. The follow-up of patients treated for HD should also include regular gynecological evaluation. In cases of abnormal findings, accurate diagnosis can only be made histologically.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Low-grade intraosseous osteosarcoma with prominent lymphoid infiltrate.

Low-grade intraosseous osteosarcoma is an uncommon and well-differentiated osteosarcoma with a good prognosis. We report a proximal tibial low-grade intraosseous osteosarcoma with a prominent intratumoral lymphoid infiltrate, which led to an initial diagnosis of probable malignant lymphoma. The importance of this infiltrate, which exhibited reactive features on flow cytometric studies, is not known. Our patient is free of tumor 1 year after limb salvage surgery, without hematologic or lymphoid abnormalities.

Adult↗