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Results for “LEPTOSPIRA INFECTIONS”

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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The use of loglinear model to evaluate factors associated with sero-prevalence of Campylobacter fetus in dairy cattle.

Campylobacter fetus is one of the leading infections causing bovine infertility and abortion. In a cross-sectional study, the associations of parity, herd, serological status against Leptospira hardjo and Haemophilus somnus with the sero-prevalence of Campylobacter fetus in dairy cattle were evaluated. Four hundred dairy cows from three herds were included in the study. Blood samples from the cows were collected in December 1986. An enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) was used to determine positive or negative status of cows against Campylobacter fetus , Haemophilus somnus and Leptospira hardjo antigens. Loglinear analysis was used to describe the relationship of four categorical variables with the sero-prevalence of Campylobacter fetus . The final loglinear model was interpreted as a logit model. The final loglinear model included a three-way interaction among Campylobacter fetus , Leptospira hardjo and herd and a two-way interaction between Campylobacter fetus and parity. The adjusted odds of being a positive Campylobacter fetus reading were highest for cows with parity >6 (e.g. 27.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 12.9, 60.1); it was next highest for cows in parity <4 (e.g. 18.0, 95% CI = 13.5, 24.2); and it was lowest for cows in parity 4 to 6 (e.g. 13.3, 95% CI 7.3, 24.4). The herd management practice that was associated with the carrier state in early and late parities is identified in the study, and the biological implication of a three-way interaction among Campylobacter fetus , Leptospira hardjo and herd are discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1982

An unusual serological response in cattle after use of a commercial leptospiral combined hardjo-pomona vaccine.

Vaccination of four calves with Leptavoid (Wellcome New Zealand Limited) gave rise to Leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo and pomona microscopic agglutination test titres that could not he distinguished in magnitude from post-infection titres. Vaccination of four calves with Lepto-3 (ICI Tasman Limited) gave rise to much lower titres. Revaccination of cows with Leptavoid caused a rise in hardjo titres which was significantly greater than after use of Lepto-3. The possibility that titres were due to the simultaneous infection with serovars pomona and hardjo of only the animals vaccinated with Leptavoid must be discounted.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1976

Bovine leptospirosis: a serological and clinical study.

Antibodies to serotypes representing one or more of 10 Leptospira serogroups were detected in the sera of 1766 (49-1 per cent) cows and heifers out of a total of 3600 sera tested. Infection by the Hebdomadis serogroup was the predominant infection; antibodies to serotype sejroe were found in 1503 (41-8 per cent) sera. Antibodies to the Icterohaemorrhagiae (7-7 per cent) and Balllm (7-3 per cent) serogroups were the next most common, while antibodies to the Australis, Javanica, Canicola, Panama, Cynopteri, Pyrogenes and Autumnalis serogroups were detected in a small number of animals. Only the Hebdomadis and Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroups were associated with clinical disease.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed2003

Factors associated with bovine leptospirosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Serum samples from 379 adult cows with lowered fertility farmed in the Rio de Janeiro region of Brazil. They were examined for Leptospira antibodies. A questionnaire was completed for each herd. Antibodies were detected in 46.9% of these cows, mainly to serovar hardjo. Main risk factor associated with seropositivity was co-grazing with other species, mainly pigs (OR = 3.17; p<0.04). Absence of or infrequent veterinary assistance (OR = 1.74) has also been suggested to be associated to the overall seroprevalence to leptospirosis. We suggest that a successful control programme for bovine leptospirosis should include a complete investigation of herd management practices, which could influence in the occurrence of the infection.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1982

Bovine leptospirosis: microbiological and serological findings in aborted fetuses.

Leptospiral infection was diagnosed in 41.6 per cent of 245 randomly selected aborted bovine fetuses and 68.9 per cent of 103 aborted fetuses from farms with abortion problems. Diagnosis was based on combined leptospiral isolates from fetal kidney and eye, and fetal serology and immunofluorescence. Fifty-six of the 58 strains of leptospira isolated belonged to the Hebdomadis serogroup and were similar to serovar hardjo while one of the remaining two strains belonged to the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup and the other to the Canicola serogroup. These findings indicate that serovar hardjo infection is a major factor in the aetiology of bovine abortion and that it is possible to isolate this organism from fetal kidney by the careful application of dilution culture technique.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1980

Mastitis and abortion in dairy cattle associated with Leptospira of the serotype hardjo.

Following a sudden drop in milk yield in a large dairy herd, leptospiral mastitis due to serotype hardjo was diagnosed serologically and by isolation of the organism from the milk and urine of affected cows. Two milkers subsequently became ill and developed titres to the Hebdomadis serogroup. During the same period the neighbouring herd experienced poor milking performance and a series of abortions and serological evidence suggested recent hardjo infection. The common source of infection appeared to be infected down calving heifers.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1989

[Another case of Hantaan virus infection in The Netherlands].

In a serological survey among Dutch patients suspected of leptospirosis, using a recently developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, a patient was traced with a high antibody titre to Hantaan virus. No anti-leptospira antibodies were detected in this 27-year-old man. Shortly before he had been admitted to the hospital with progressive dyspnoea and coughing, accompanied with high fever. An interstitial pneumonia was diagnosed. He subsequently developed a progressive renal failure with proteinuria and polyuria. Later a liver failure accompanied with thrombocytopenia, anaemia and coagulation disturbances occurred. Before an aetiological diagnosis was made, the patient was treated with erythromycin. The patient eventually recovered completely. Based on the clinical symptoms and the positive serology, it was concluded that the disease diagnosed had probably been caused by a Hantaan virus infection. The diagnostic value of Hantaan virus serology in patients with similar symptoms is stressed.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Leptospira autumnalis isolated from a human case from Avadi, India, and the serovar's predominance in local rat and bandicoot populations.

Leptospira were successfully isolated from the urine of an Indian patient who had been clinically diagnosed as having leptospirosis. In an attempt to determine the source of this infection, 28 rats (Rattus rattus) and 58 bandicoots (Bandicota bengalensis) living in the vicinity of the patient's home in Avadi, a suburban area of the city of Chennai (Madras), India, were then investigated. Each animal was checked for infection by microscopical examination of fresh and stained urine, serological analysis of serum, and the culture of urine and kidney samples. Direct, dark-field, observation of fresh urine samples and examination of urine samples after Fontana's silver staining were found to be the least sensitive of the tests used. The results of the serological microscopic agglutination test (MAT) indicated that four (14.3%) of the rats and nine (16.1%) of the bandicoots had significant agglutinins, predominantly for the serogroups icterohaemorrhagiae and autumnalis. Leptospira were isolated from at least one culture of samples from one rat and each of four bandicoots. Each of these rodent isolates and the human isolate were typed as Leptospira interrogans serovar autumnalis.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Lipopolysaccharides of Bacteroides fragilis, Chlamydia trachomatis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa signal via toll-like receptor 2.

Recognition of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is critical in the host defence against Gram-negative infection. While enterobacterial LPS signals via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), it has recently been reported that the LPS of Leptospira interrogans, Legionella pneumophila, Rhizobium species Sin-1 and at least one strain of Porphyromonas gingivalis are capable of signalling via TLR2. Using a TLR transfection assay and measurement of an NF-kappaB-sensitive promoter region, the results show that the LPS of Bacteroides fragilis NCTC-9343, Chlamydia trachomatis LGV-1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAC-611 also signal via TLR2 and it is pointed out that all TLR2-signalling LPS discovered to date demonstrate relatively weak endotoxicity in some models and structural features distinct from those LPS shown to signal via TLR4.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1999

Weils' syndrome and concomitant hepatitis B infection.

Leptospirosis is a ubiquitous, spirochetal zoonosis which presents with a broad clinical spectrum. Weil's syndrome, characterised by jaundice, renal failure and bleeding manifestations is the most severe form. A high index of suspicion for the diagnosis is required to institute therapy promptly. We describe a case of serologically confirmed Weil's syndrome with concomitant hepatitis B infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Serologic survey of leptospiral antibodies in horses in California.

A serologic survey was made of the prevalence of common leptospiral infections in horses in California. A total of 465 serums were tested, using the microscopic agglutination method, against 5 leptospiral serotypes: Leptospira pomona, Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae, Leptospira canicola, Leptospira grippotyphosa, and Leptospira hardjo. Of the serums tested, 127 (27.30%) were positive against 1 or more of the leptospires, with percentage distribution among the reactors as follows: L pomona, 12.47%; L icterohaemorrhagiae, 10.32%; L canicola, 3.22%; L grippotyphosa, 0.86%; and L hardjo, 0.43%. The prevalence of reactors to leptospiral antigens did not differ with the age or sex of the animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Immunochemical characteristics and localization on cells of protective antigen (PAg) prepared from Leptospira interrogans serovar lai.

Immuno-electron microscopic methods revealed that the protective antigen (PAg) of Leptospira interrogans serovar lai exists on the outer envelope sheathing the leptospiral cell body. PAg lost its protective activity after treatment by hydrolysis with 2 M formic acid at 100 C for 2 hr, or oxidation with periodate at 4 C for 40 hr. The antigenic oligosaccharide fraction was further purified from the hydrolyzed PAg by immunoaffinity column coupled with protective monoclonal antibody, LW2, and by gel filtration of HPLC. The antigenic oligosaccharide fraction contained two unknown sugars and 4-O-methylmannose (molar ratio 3:5:1). These findings suggested that these sugars are components of an antigenic determinant contributing to the protective immunity against serovar lai infection.

Antigens, Bacterial↗