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The Pepper Commission, charged by Congress to recommend legislation that would ensure all Americans coverage from health care and long-term care, released its final report in 1990. Excerpted in this issue are sections of the report specifically addressing the issues of long-term care, and home care in particular.
A diverse group of users, vendors, employers, insurers and government officials met in Washington in July for the Computer-Based Patient Record Institute's First Annual Meeting. Deemed "the focal point" of legislation demanding automated patient records, their task was to overcome a myriad of differences and form a true coalition that can meet an ambitious, and some say unrealistic, deadline.
Increased screening mammography usage is important for reducing breast cancer mortality in the United States. This article summarizes state breast cancer screening legislation enacted between 1980-1994. Forty-three laws were identified and analyzed based on five categories: screening/education programs; third-party reimbursement for screening; third-party reimbursement for reconstruction/prosthesis; mammography facility accreditation; and alternative therapy information. Third-party reimbursement mandates were subdivided into Medicaid/public assistance; state employee health benefits; Medicare supplement insurance; age/frequency provisions; and screening based on risk factors besides age. The larger context of breast cancer screening needs for the present and future are discussed.
What can physicians, administrators, and MGMA state organizations do to direct their own destiny through the legislative process? Currently, as important matters affecting the medical profession are being discussed, there is very little proactive effort in dealing with the various levels of government. Administrators and physicians must learn to be viable political players by making a commitment to become involved and stay involved, to become knowledgeable about the issues, and to supply input on a regular basis.
The author surveys important legislative developments in recent years in the areas of hospital funding and categorisation, regulation of public hospitals and private health establishments, area health services, the medical profession, occupational health and safety, tissue and organ transplantation, freedom of information and anti-discrimination.
We are notifying affected parties that, in accordance with recent legislation, HCFA will continue reimbursement for expenses incurrred for drugs identified in section 2103 of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 through March 31, 1982.
We are notifying affected parties that, in accordance with recent legislation, HCFA will continue reimbursement for expenses incurred for drugs identified in section 2103 of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 through September 30, 1982.
Making a clear distinction between illness and disability, as well as between organic, individual, and social components of disability, has important implications for clinical practice, research, development of social policy, and equalization of opportunity for people with disabilities. The influence of social and legislative change arising from social movements of people with disabilities, and advancements in rehabilitation medicine and assistive technology, have resulted in major changes in understanding all these components of disability. The role of information management professionals in clarifying and applying these concepts, as well as providing clear, accurate, and complete data, is of critical importance in efforts to prevent, remediate, and offset the social consequences of all aspects of disability.
A report on the amendment of the German Animal Welfare Act as well as on other questions relevant to animal welfare legislation in the Federal Republic of Germany is given.
On April 1st, 1999 the new law on control of infectious diseases (the Infectious Diseases Act) came into effect. This law replaces former legislation, largely dating from 1928. The Infectious Diseases Act legally enables the government to take action against the spread of infectious diseases. This legal base is necessary because constitutional rights of individuals might be affected. The Infectious Diseases Act only applies to diseases specifically mentioned in the law. The Act regulates the statutory notification and the enforceable actions the authorities can take to protect the community. The mayors of municipalities decide on the appropriate measures, acting on advice of the municipal or regional public health agencies. The Infectious Diseases Act does not provide for detailed regulations regarding the control of infectious diseases but contains obligations that are the end piece of a policy continuum.
Progress in the field of organs and tissues transplantation contributes today to saving lives and improving their quality. Consequently, the increasing need of organs and tissues and their constant shortage give rise financial benefits and commercial risks. Several European countries have tasted in one or another way organ trading. These ethical and legal important problems implicated preventive measures in European countries and in the whole world. Since 1986, Belgium has a national legislation which forbids in every forms, organs and tissues commerce. In addition, an item imposes penalties in this connection. Meanwhile different international organisations established acts, recommendations and resolutions preventing purchase and sale of human organs and tissues.
The American Council of Life Insurance is a national trade association that represents the interests of legal reserve life insurance companies in legislative, regulatory and judicial matters at the federal, state and municipal levels of government and at the National Association of Insurance Commissioners. Its member companies hold more than 90 percent of the life insurance in force in the United States.
Mr. Donohue discusses the history of nonprofit hospital conversions in the United States and analyzes the National Association of Attorneys General's Model Conversion Act. In addition, this article surveys conversion-related legislation of 17 states plus the District of Columbia. Finally, Mr. Donohue recommends the implementation of adequate safeguards to insure that nonprofit hospital assets are maximized and to insure that the subsequent use of conversion proceeds continues to fulfill the original charitable mission of the nonprofit hospital.
Editor's Note: The report on an American Psychiatric Association conference on Medicare legislation reprinted below was published in the October 1965 issue of Mental Hospitals. The conference was convened to draft recommendations to be used in setting standards for care in psychiatric facilities that wished to participate in the Medicare program. Richard G. Frank, Ph.D., discusses the dramatic impact of the Medicare and Medicaid programs on mental health care in a commentary and analysis beginning on page 465.
Organ donation rates are insufficient to meet the demand. Current legislation may be considered out of date but proposals for a new system raise difficult ethical problems. Nurses need to develop their knowledge and skills to come to terms with the complex ethical issues surrounding organ donation.
This article presents a legislative infrastructure that fosters the development of case management model and demonstration projects within the framework of the Israeli Long-Term Care Insurance Law of 1988. A brief demographic description of the aged population of Israel is presented along with an outline of the basic policy and service structures. The basic principles of the Long-Term Care Insurance law are presented, discussed and analyzed, outlining the pathways that the law guarantees that foster case management interventions and projects.
After a short historical review and having dwelled on the nomenclature and legislative framework, the authors describe the medicolegal implications of the day hospital. They describe international experience within the various disciplines, with reference to economic aspects in terms of costs and the increased efficacy of these structures, the quality of service and government policies, in particular in industrialised countries. The authors conclude that day hospitals present considerable advantages both in economic terms and for patients. However, the organisation of the system needs to be improved and, where possible, procedures standardised. Bearing in mind the importance of costs to modern medicine, it is impossible not to take economic aspects into account, while also improving the quality of relations between doctors, patients and the health system.
The application, either theoretical or fantastical, of the somatic cloning which resulted in the birth of Dolly the sheep to human reproduction has led to international uproar. A paragraph specifically banning reproductive cloning (defined as "any intervention seeking to produce genetically identical human individuals in the sense of individuals sharing the same nuclear gene set") was added to the Council of Europe Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine in January 1998. In several responses both at national and international level, reproductive cloning is banned either directly or indirectly. The challenge for the future is the consideration of integrating therapeutic cloning in legislations both nationally and in international declarations.