Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Insect Repellents”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Historical study of a moth repellent, "Fujisawa Camphor" (2) manufacture of borneol].

The manufacture of borneol started in about 1890 by the reduction of camphor at a rural chemical work in Osaka. Fujisawa Company, which refined and sold crude camphor, began to study the techniques necessary to manufacture borneol. In 1912, Fujisawa had succeeded in producing high-quality borneol in its plant. They tried to export it to China, from where they imported it before. The company replaced natural borneol on the market, supplying large amounts of high-quality borneol produced by the reduction method.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Insecticide impregnated ropes as mosquito repellent.

Ropes were impregnated with different dosages of deltamethrin and burnt throughout the night in human dwellings and cattlesheds. Smoke from smouldering ropes treated with various dose levels gradually saturated rooms and prevented the entry of mosquitoes. This method provided very good protection from mosquito bites including the principal vector of malaria, A. culicifacies. Results of ropes impregnated with 80 ppm deltamethrin were more consistent than at the lower dosage. The technique is indigenous, cost-effective, simple and appropriate for rural areas and does not require any special skills in its application.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Analysis of sister chromatid exchange, micronucleus and chromosomal aberration frequencies in rodents exposed to mosquito coil smoke by inhalation route.

Mosquito coil smoke emitting from a mosquito repellent, was tested for its mutagenic effect in bone marrow cells from mouse and rat after 4 h acute inhalation exposure. Coil smoke with suspended particulate concentrations of 99-129 mg/m3, significantly elevated the frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges in bone marrow cells and micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes. Analysis of chromosomal aberrations in metaphases also revealed a significantly higher incidence of chromosomal aberration frequency in exposed rats and mice.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2004

Antitermitic quinones from Diospyros sylvatica.

Six quinones were isolated from the chloroform extract of the roots of Diospyros sylvatica and identified as 2-methyl-anthraquinone, plumbagin, diosindigo, diospyrin, isodiospyrin and microphyllone. The effect of the root extract on the orientation and survival of the subterranean termite, Odontotermes obesus was tested. In addition, four of these quinones were tested on the survival of the subterranean termite. In a direct-choice experiment, exposure to an extract-treated filter disc had a significantly repellent effect over the solvent-treated filter disc. The no-choice experiment revealed the toxic property of the extract as well as the tested quinones and showed high mortality of the O. obesus workers after 48 h on forced exposure. The major termiticidal components identified were plumbagin, isodiospyrin and microphyllone while diospyrin was not toxic to termites at the concentration tested. All the quinones are reported for the first time from D. sylvatica.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Relative efficacy of insecticide treated mosquito nets (Diptera: Culicidae) under field conditions.

The relative efficacy of insecticide treated mosquito nets was evaluated under field conditions in Dehra village of Dhaulana PHC, District Ghaziabad, U.P., India, during 1996. Nylon nets were impregnated with deltamethrin, cyfluthrin, lambdacyhalothrin, and etofenprox at 25 mg/m2 by standard methods. Repellent, excito-repellency, killing, and airborne actions were monitored from dusk to dawn by hourly collection of mosquitoes that entered and rested in rooms and also females that landed on treated and untreated mosquito nets. Results revealed 15.3-22.9% repellent action, 98.3-99.3% excito-repellency action, and 100% mortality of females that landed on treated fabrics. No significant differences were observed in the efficacy of different synthetic pyrethroids against anophelines. However, against Culex quinquefasciatus Say there was a significant difference between deltamethrin and etofenprox. Control of anophelines was more pronounced than Cx. quinquefasciatus. There was no pronounced airborne action with any insecticide tested. Synthetic pyrethroids with strong airborne action may be more appropriate for impregnation of mosquito nets.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Repellent effect of plant essential oils against Aedes albopictus.

Six essential oils: asteraceae oil, rutaceae oil, mentha piperta oil, carvacryl oil, citronella oil, and eucalyptus oil were tested for evaluation of their repellent effects against Aedes albopictus mosquitoes under laboratory conditions. Only citronella oil and eucalyptus oil were tested with human beings. There was considerable protection for mice. Carvacryl oil (7%) provided 100% protection for mice after 7 h. Eucalyptus oil (15%) gave protection to humans for least 3 h; the protection time was prolonged to 5 h after adding 5% vanillin. The mixture could be developed into a practical product after the field evaluation.

Aedes↗
PubMed1988

Ultrastructural changes of tracheal epithelium and alveolar macrophages of rats exposed to mosquito coil smoke.

The volatile organic compounds of mosquito coil smoke were analysed by a combination of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. 67 volatile organic compounds were detected and 46, including allethrin, phenol, benzene, toluene, xylene, etc. could be identified. Allethrin, a common name for (+/-)-3-allyl-2-methyl-4-oxocyclopent-2-enyl (+/-)-cis,trans-chrysanthemate, is a synthetic pyrethroid, which is used as an insecticide or repellent in subtropical countries. The vapors also contain other aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons which are combustion products of other mosquito coil constituents, including wood dust, coconut flour and other fillers and dyes. An exposure to the mosquito coil smoke for 60 days (8 h per day, 6 days per week) resulted in a focal deciliation of the tracheal epithelium, metaplasia of epithelial cells, and morphological alterations of the alveolar macrophages of exposed rats.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Chemical composition and anti-mosquito potential of rhizome extract and volatile oil derived from Curcuma aromatica against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).

Crude rhizome extracts and volatile oils of Curcuma aromatica were evaluated for chemical composition and anti-mosquito potential, including larvicidal, adulticidal, and repellent activities against the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Chemical identification achieved by GC/MS analysis revealed that xanthorrhizol, 1H-3a, 7-methanoazulene and curcumene at 35.08 and 13.65%, 21.81 and 30.02%, and 13.75 and 25.71%, were the main constituents in hexane extracts and volatile oils, respectively. Volatile oil of Cu. aromatica possessed a significantly higher larvicidal activity against the 4th instar larvae of Ae. aegypti than that of hexane extracts, with LC50 values of 36.30 and 57.15 ppm, respectively. In testing for adulticidal activity, on the other hand, hexane-extracted Cu. aromatica (LC50: 1.60 microg/mg female) was found to be slightly more effective against female Ae. aegypti than volatile oil (LC50: 2.86 microg/mg female). However, the repellency of these two products against Ae. aegypti adult females differed significantly. The hexane-extracted Cu. aromatica, with a median complete protection time of 1 h (range = 1-1.5 h) when applied at a concentration of 25%, appeared to have significantly higher repellency than that of distillate oil (0.5 h, range = 0-0.5 h). The different results obtained from both products of Cu. aromatica were probably due to variety in quantity and type of active ingredients as well as the biological and physiological characteristics that differed between both developmental stages of mosquitoes, larvae, and adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Evaluation of the laboratory rabbit model for screening topical mosquito repellents.

The laboratory rabbit was evaluated as a model for screening topical mosquito repellents, using data obtained in tests of deet (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) against Aedes aegypti on humans and rabbits. Host-specific differences in the action of the test material were quantified by multiple regression analysis. The test material was less effective but more persistent in tests on rabbits, and responses of the mosquito test population were more variable.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Toxic effects of six plant oils alone and in combination with controlled atmosphere on Liposcelis bostrychophila (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae).

Six plant essential oils alone as repellent and fumigant, and in combination with the controlled atmosphere against Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel were assessed in the laboratory. These essential oils were extracted from the leaves of six source plants: Citrus tangerina Tanaka, Citrus aurantium L., Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau, Pinus sylvestris L., Cupressus funebris End]., and Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. The repellency test indicated that L. bostrychophila adults were repelled by filter paper strips treated with six essential oils. Of these essential oils, the C. funebris oil was most effective followed by that of F. sylvestris, C. tangerina, C. bergamia, and E. citriodora. The average repellency of the C. aurantium oil against L. bostrychophila adults was significantly lower than other five test oils by day 14. These essential oils had a high level of toxicity in the fumigation assay against L. bostrychophila adults at both 10 and 20 ppm. When combined with two controlled atmosphere treatments (12% CO2 + 9% O2, and 10% CO2 + 5% O2, balanced N2), the toxicity of plant oils was enhanced significantly.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Field test of a lemon eucalyptus repellent against Leptoconops biting midges.

We tested a lemon eucalyptus-based repellent against the biting midge Leptoconops carteri Hoffman in the Central Valley of California. This relatively new active ingredient has demonstrated high efficacy in a number of studies with mosquitoes. Ten subjects tested spray and lotion formulations on 2 consecutive days, along with a deet-positive control and an untreated control, with 6 h of continuous exposure per treatment. Half of the eucalyptus subjects received no bites, and the true median protection time probably exceeded the test duration.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Repellency of aromatic turmeric Curcuma aromatica under laboratory and field conditions.

Three Curcuma species, Curcuma aeruginosa (pink and blue ginger), Cu. aromatica (aromatic turmeric), and Cu. xanthorrhiza (giant curcuma), were selected for investigation of mosquito repellent activity. In a laboratory study, a 95% ethanol extract of each plant was tested for repellent activity of Aedes togoi on human volunteers. Only Cu. aromatica extract showed repellency against Ae. togoi with ED50 and ED95 values of 0.061 and 1.55 mg/cm2, respectively. It also provided biting protection for 3.5 h when applied at a concentration of 25 g%. The ethanolic extract of Cu. aromatica was therefore chosen for further repellent activity under field conditions, where it had a protective effect against Armigeres subalbatus, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. The ethanol-extracted Cu. aromatica did not cause dermal irritation when applied to human skin. No adverse effects on human volunteers were observed 2 mo after application. Therefore, Cu. aromatica extract can be applied as an effective personal protection measure against mosquito bites.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2004

Toward development of neem-based repellents against the Scottish Highland biting midge Culicoides impunctatus.

Oil of neem, from the tree Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae), was evaluated for repellent and antifeedant activity against Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), by three complementary methods with serial dilutions. Electroantennograms revealed the sensitivity of Culicoides nubeculosus (Meigen) females to neem > or = 0.10%. Culicoides impunctatus Goetghebuer females were repelled by > or = 1% in a Y-tube olfactometer, Using a membrane feeder for wild-caught parous females of C. impunctatus, the proportion blood-feeding was significantly reduced by topical applications of neem oil > or = 0.10% concentrations, with blood-feeding completely prevented by > or =1%. On the basis of these response data, we developed 2% neem-based formulations for personal protection against biting midges.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A field trial of ethyl hexanediol against Aedes dorsalis in Sonoma County, California.

The repellent ethyl hexanediol (2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol) was tested against the mosquito Aedes dorsalis in a coastal salt marsh in California. The experimental design incorporated a linear regression model, sequential treatments and a proportional end point (95%) for protection time. The protection time of 0.10 mg/cm2 ethyl hexanediol was estimated at 0.8 h. This time is shorter than that obtained previously for deet (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) against Ae. dorsalis (4.4 h).

Aedes↗
PubMed2005

[Historical study of the moth repellent, "Fujisawa Camphor" (7) - selling price and packaging.].

The selling price of "Fujisawa Camphor" has increased 1,000-fold in the 100 years since it first went on sale. This 1,000-fold increase is not high at all. The price of "Fujisawa Camphor" was not low in the 1980s, one of grounds for setting the price was the damage caused by moths to expensive Japanese clothes and curios. For packaging in the Edo era, being wrapped in paper was the mainstream form, but modern-age packaging shifted to a cardboard box. As for "Fujisawa Camphor", a beautiful design was created for the cardboard.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Losses in milking qualities of dairy cattle caused by mosquitoes and horseflies and reduction of such losses due to use of diethyltoluamide repellent.

An experiment was carried out in South Bohemia, in which 10% water emulsion of diethyltoluamide was used as repellent against bloodsucking Diptera to protect pastured dairy cattle. The repellent was applied by means of a spraying frame and was effective for 30-36 hours. Seven mosquito species and 18 horsefly species were observed to be attacking the cattle. The average number being 120-300 mosquitoes and 50 horseflies per hour, the milking qualities in the cattle decreased by 6.2%, the milk fat content by 11.8%. After converting to milk with average fat content of 4%, the difference in milking qualities between treated and untreated animals was 9.7%.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1991

The effects of indoor environmental factors on respiratory illness in primary school children in Kuala Lumpur.

The effects of indoor environmental factors on respiratory illness were studied in 15017-12 year old school children in Kuala Lumpur. Exposure to mosquito coil smoke for at least three nights a week was independently associated with asthma and persistent wheeze. Passive smoking, defined as sharing a bedroom with an adult smoker, was independently associated with a chest illness in the past year. No relationships were found between exposure to kerosene stoves, wood stoves, fumigation mat mosquito repellents or aerosol insecticides and respiratory illness. Host factors predictive of at least one respiratory outcome included family history of chest illness, history of allergy, male sex, hospitalization in the neonatal period and low paternal education. With 95% confidence, avoidance of regular exposure to mosquito coil smoke and passive smoking could reduce the prevalences of persistent wheeze, asthma and chest illness by up to 29%. Measurements of lung function confirmed the validity of questions pertaining to wheezing and asthma in the study questionnaire.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Laboratory and field evaluation of the repellents deet, CIC-4, and AI3-37220 against Anopheles farauti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Australia.

Laboratory and field tests of the repellents diethyl methylbenzamide (deet), 1-(3-cyclohexen-1-yl-carbonyl)-2-methylpiperidine (AI3-37220), and (2-hydroxymethylcyclohexyl) acetic acid lactone (CIC-4) were conducted against Anopheles farauti s.s. Laveran, an important malaria vector in the southwest Pacific region. In the laboratory, An. farauti was tolerant of all 3 repellents, but deet and CIC-4 provided significantly better protection than AI3-37220. The field study was conducted in rain forest located near Innisfail, northern Queensland, and tested 25% (vol:vol) ethanol solutions of each repellent against An. farauti. All 3 repellents provided > 95% protection against An. farauti for 5 h after application. In contrast to the laboratory tests, protection provided by AI3-37220 was significantly better than that by either deet or CIC-4, and there was no difference between protection by deet and CIC-4. The protection by deet and CIC-4 declined 8 h after application and provided < or = 50% protection at 9 h. In contrast, AI3-37220 provided > or = 94% protection for 9 h.

Animals↗