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PubMed2002

[Future of laboratory informatics].

One of the major objectives of laboratory informatics is to develop database systems for test results. Such a database should be designed with the distinct objective of determining the normal range. To understand the normal range, however, more information on possible risk factors must be directly analyzed in population studies. In our population-based study, we found that carotid arteriosclerosis is independently correlated with LDL cholesterol level, HDL cholesterol level, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and HbA1C (the Niigata Study). Through this study, we will be able to obtain normal ranges for some important laboratory tests.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗

PubMed2003

Informatics and multivariate analysis of toxicogenomics data.

The application of genomics methods to toxicology holds great promise. Toxicogenomics data mapping gene expression to predict toxicity and understand mechanisms are emerging, with data suggesting the possibility to classify, and eventually predict, toxic responses. The overall process of informatics analysis of microarray data is summarized. The relationship between the bioinformatics of gene expression and toxicogenomics is discussed, with reference to emerging themes that may be important as the field of toxicogenomics evolves. Emerging themes include the choice and validation of statistical methods, the use of gene annotation and the impact of genome sequence projects.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Home informatics in healthcare: assessment guidelines to keep up quality of care and avoid adverse effects.

Due to an ageing population and improved treatment possibilities, a shortage in hospital beds is a fact in many countries. Home healthcare schemes using information technology (IT) are under development as a response to this and with the intention to produce a more cost-effective care. So far it has been shown that home healthcare is beneficial to certain patient groups. The trend is a widening of the criteria for admission to home healthcare, which means treatment in the home of more severe conditions that otherwise would require in-hospital care. Home informatics has the potential to become a means of providing good care at home. In this process, it is important to consider what new risks will be encountered when placing electronic equipment in the home care environment. Continuous assessment and guidance is important in order to achieve a safe and effective care. Based on a review of current knowledge this paper presents an inventory of risks and adverse events specific to this area. It was found that risks and adverse events could stem from technology in itself, from human-technology interaction conditions or from the environment in which the technology is placed. As a result from the risk inventory, this paper proposes guidelines for the planning and assessment of IT-based hospital-at-home schemes. These assessment guidelines are specifically aimed at performance improvement and thus to be considered a complement to the more general guidelines on telehomecare adopted by the American Telemedicine Association (ATA) in October 2002.

Accidents↗

PubMed2003

Quality of health care: informatics foundations.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss in what ways computer systems can contribute to the quality of healthcare and on which principles of informatics successful systems are based. METHODS: Part of the information was obtained via a literature search and part is based on the knowledge of the authors. RESULTS: The results of the literature search are reported. The answers to the questions whether decision support is useful and which factors determine its success, the foundations of computerized guidelines systems and applications of physician order entry and medical risk management are presented. CONCLUSIONS: Despite many publications concerning diagnostic support systems their use in clinical practice is limited. Reminder systems do appear to have an impact on health outcomes. Standards for guideline models are being developed for effective sharing of guidelines across systems. Electronic patient records and physician order entry systems are useful aids in medical risk management.

Decision Support Systems, Clinical↗

PubMed2003

Development of a biomedical imaging informatics system for diagnosis and treatment planning.

The medical imaging technologies have been used for detecting tumors through the years. Tumors that can be viewed in imaging are usually big enough to contain billion tumor cells. Some patients may be cured if detected earlier and the surgery is performed well. Those lead to molecular imaging and image-guided surgery research activities, which post new challenges on large scale imaging data management and 3-D visualization. The goal of this project is to develop 3-D imaging informatics system that can interactively navigate large scale of organ and molecular levels imaging data for early diagnosis and treatment planning.

Data Compression↗

PubMed2003

Supporting patient care beyond the clinical encounter: three informatics innovations from partners health care.

As the focus of medicine moves from acute episodic care in the hospital to chronic disease management in outpatients, the primary care physician will play an increasingly important role in the coordination of patient care activities. Traditional outpatient informatics systems have largely focused on the workflow during the clinical encounter. Many tasks, including management of test results,coordination of subspecialty referrals and communication between patients and the practice,remain unsupported. When these tasks are not performed well, quality of care, patient safety and satisfaction may suffer. To address these issues ,Partners Healthcare in Boston, MA has recently developed several applications to address these issues. This demonstration will showcase 3 of these new applications: i) Results Manager, ii) Referrals Manager and iii) Patient Gateway. All interoperate with a browser-based electronic medical record already used by over 500 primary care physicians at Partners Healthcare.

Ambulatory Care↗

PubMed2004

[Nursing informatics: a new nursing specialty].

It is important to take advantage of advancements in information technology, computers, and the Internet to analyze, manage, and process nursing data to improve the delivery of high quality patient care. Nursing informatics (NI)--which combines nursing, computer, and information sciences--has been recognized as a nursing specialty in the United States since 1992, but is still considered a very new field in Taiwan. The authors introduce the concept by offering a definition of NI and giving descriptions of NI practices, education, and professional groups. The goal is to provide Taiwanese nurses with an informative overview of this specialty.

Information Science↗

PubMed2004

Parametric brain MR atlases: standardization for imaging informatics.

This paper is focused on the development of normal MR brain atlases of intrinsic MR parameters. These parameters permit quantitative comparisons across imaging studies (as opposed to raw image intensity values) and are important markers of neurological diseases. The development includes fast sequences to generate three parameters (T1: spin-lattice relaxation, T2: spin-spin relaxation, and Diffusion Tensor) covering the whole brain with isotropic and high-resolution images. The analysis of raw data to generate the parametric images is followed by registration algorithms to bring the image studies acquired on normal subjects aligned to a common frame of reference. The registration method includes both linear and non-linear algorithms. Two atlas schemes are discussed: an average atlas and a probabilistic atlas. Initial results on sequence development and registration are presented. The atlases are envisaged as an integral part of an imaging informatics infrastructure that enables image analysis across imaging studies to perform automated image data mining.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2005

Biomedical informatics research network: building a national collaboratory to hasten the derivation of new understanding and treatment of disease.

Through support from the National Institutes of Health's National Center for Research Resources, the Biomedical Informatics Research Network (BIRN) is pioneering the use of advanced cyberinfrastructure for medical research. By synchronizing developments in advanced wide area networking, distributed computing, distributed database federation, and other emerging capabilities of e-science, the BIRN has created a collaborative environment that is paving the way for biomedical research and clinical information management. The BIRN Coordinating Center (BIRN-CC) is orchestrating the development and deployment of key infrastructure components for immediate and long-range support of biomedical and clinical research being pursued by domain scientists in three neuroimaging test beds.

Biomedical Research↗

PubMed1992

[Informatics program in the study of patients with Ménière's vertigo].

Ménière's Vertigo is a process of long evolution applying for several clinical variables during many periodical controls. The A. of the paper present an informatics program aiming to compile each patient data regarding these items: 1. a quick knowledge of the evolutive course both clinic and therapeutical experienced by the patient during years; 2. control of the efficacy of the treatments done; and 3. the comparison of own results with those of other authors. In the article are expose the practical development of the program and the data gained with.

Humans↗

PubMed2005

Giving them a good start: informatics support of newborn screening and clinical care.

Newborns are a vulnerable population: Exposed to dramatically changing environmental conditions, potentially suffering from impairments that cannot realistically be diagnosed during pregnancy, with the risk that unfavorable conditions escalate fast. We have investigated informatics methods and tools to make screening for congenital diseases and containment of critical processes that start in the first days safer and more efficient. This poster present a set of three different methodological approaches that all aim at comprehensive improvement of neonatal care.

Decision Support Systems, Clinical↗

PubMed2006

GPAC: benchmarking the sensitivity of genome informatics analysis to genome annotation completeness.

In view of the recent explosion in genome sequence data, and the 200 or more complete genome sequences currently available, the importance of genome-scale bioinformatics analysis is increasing rapidly. However, computational genome informatics analyses often lack a statistical assessment of their sensitivity to the completeness of the functional annotation. Therefore, a pre-analysis method to automatically validate the sensitivity of computational genome analyses with regard to genome annotation completeness is useful for this purpose. In this report we developed the Gene Prediction Accuracy Classification (GPAC) test, which provides statistical evidence of sensitivity by repeating the same analysis for five different gene groups (classified according to annotation accuracy level), and for randomly sampled gene groups, with the same number of genes as each of the five classified groups. Variability in these results is then assessed, and if the results vary significantly with different data subsets, the analysis is considered "sensitive" to annotation completeness, and careful selection of data is advised prior to the actual in silico analysis. The GPAC test has been applied to the analyses of Sakai et al., 2001, and Ohno et al., 2001, and it revealed that the analysis of Ohno et al. was more sensitive to annotation completeness. It showed that GPAC could be employed to ascertain the sensitivity of an analysis. The GPAC bendhmarking software is freely available in the latest G-language Genome Analysis Environment package, at http://www.g-language.org/.

Benchmarking↗

PubMed1995

Informatics: the key to efficiency.

In India a computer-based national health management information system is being implemented by linking more than 450 districts on a network. This and other actions in the field of informatics technology could significantly raise the efficiency of the country's health sector by making decisions more logical, speeding them up and monitoring their impact, and could help to improve the utilization of scarce resources.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing informatics. Making financial management come alive.

The authors describe integration of nursing informatics concepts and computer-based instructional strategies in a financial management course for graduate level nursing administration students. Major components include: 1) computer-based instruction for financial management theory; 2) spreadsheet used for decision support; 3) utilization of forecasting software; and 4) evaluation of learning involving computer use.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗

PubMed1994

[Informatics support and teledialysis].

Computer-assisted medical activity is increasing in several fields, with wide perspectives in nephrology and dialysis accounting for the peculiar characteristics of this population such as number, complexity, follow-up length and economic costs. Since 1980 we have been studying a computerized organization of our Region's departments in order to achieve 3 main results: 1) a registry of all patients undergoing dialysis in the area, with a one- a-year complete clinical update; 2) a computerized medical chart, which could gather all the clinical, technical and managerial aspects of the treatment; 3) a teledialysis program, to follow every session in local and remote stations. The first aim has been reached with useful information for the dialytic policy in the area. The second objective is ongoing with straight evidence of easy, speedy procedures, and accurate data collection. The third goal is on a preliminary phase looking at the safety, reliability and precision of the treatments. Informatic procedures seem to be quite advisable in improving as clinical surveillance of the patients, as technical and managerial aspects of dialysis units.

Hemodialysis Units, Hospital↗

PubMed1993

Informatics in medical practice: billing systems survey by the Hawaii Medical Association.

The Information Age has arrived! Our offices are quickly integrating information machines for the business part of our profession, just as the stethoscope and scalpel are requisites for the practice of medicine and surgery. The mission of the HMA Computer Committee is to provide guidance in the direction of medical informatics for its members. We hope to assist the membership in the selection, evaluation and use of the products relating to the processing of information in the modern practice of medicine.

Accounting↗

PubMed1993

Family practice informatics: research issues in computerized medical records.

There are unique features of family and general practice which lead to unique issues in medical informatics for family physicians. The nature of practice in office based community settings and the discipline of dealing with all ages, sexes, and health conditions over the lifetime of a patient and his/her family lead to models of the thinking that are different from those used in most other specialties. Research is urgently needed to verify the models of thinking that physicians use during patient care encounters and the associated nomenclatures and classifications which support them. User interfaces need to be optimized for accuracy and speed. Standards for medical records computing in family practice need testing and validation.

Ambulatory Care Information Systems↗

PubMed1994

Security Audit Center--a suggested model for effective audit strategies in health care informatics.

As dependence upon interorganizational and international health care informatics becomes absolute, and with increased vulnerability of information networks and applications and the cunning sophistication of computer criminals, it becomes imperative to implement tight information systems security to ward off any possible threat to these vital life-dependent information systems. In a rapidly decentralizing environment, the author proposes centralized security control, implemented in a Security Audit Center under the direct supervision of an Information Systems Security Manager who is a high-ranking organization staff member. Of the various components of the Security Audit Center, the most significant is the security audit expert systems which analyze audit data files according to security rules and present a precise status of systems security and realtime suspicion alert of the various breaches and intrusions.

Automation↗