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PubMed1988

Studies of the effect of suppressor T lymphocytes on the induction of antithyroid microsomal antibody-secreting cells in autoimmune thyroid disease.

The suppressor function in CD8 (suppressor/cytotoxic) T lymphocytes from patients with autoimmune thyroid disease and normal subjects has been studied. CD8 and CD4 (helper/inducer) cells were separated by the panning method. Patient's non-T cells and autologous CD4 cells were cultured with or without autologous or allogeneic CD8 cells in the presence of either pokeweed mitogen or Staphylococcus aureus strain Cowan 1 plus human thyroid microsomal antigen. Antithyroid microsomal antibody (AMA) and total immunoglobulin G (IgG)-secreting non-T cells were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay. With pokeweed mitogen stimulation, the suppressor effect of CD8 cells from patients with serum AMA on the induction of AMA (of IgG type)-secreting cells was significantly less than that of CD8 cells from normal subjects. CD8 cells from patients with no serum AMA suppressed the induction of AMA-secreting cells as much as did normal CD8 cells. CD8 cells from both patients and normal subjects suppressed the induction of IgG-secreting cells equally well. On the other hand, with the combination of S. aureus strain Cowan 1 and human thyroid microsomal antigen (1 mg/L) stimulation, CD8 cells from both normal subjects and patients only slightly suppressed the induction of IgG-secreting cells. However, under these circumstances, once again, CD8 cells from both normal subjects and patients with no serum AMA suppressed the induction of AMA-secreting cells, whereas CD8 cells from patients with serum AMA suppressed the induction of the AMA-secreting cells significantly less. Higher TMc concentrations enhanced the suppressor effect of CD8 cells from patients with serum AMA on the induction of AMA-secreting cells. Furthermore, Concanavalin A, when added to the stimuli described above, further inhibited the induction of both AMA- and IgG-secreting cells by CD8 cells from patients with serum AMA. There thus appears to be a relative defect of antigen-specific suppressor T lymphocyte function in CD8 cells from patients with autoimmune thyroid disease, which may result in the presence of autoantibody-secreting cells in those patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Induction of anaesthesia with desflurane and isoflurane in the rabbit.

The characteristics of two techniques of face-mask induction of desflurane anaesthesia (rapid or slow) were compared with the effects of slow isoflurane induction in five New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. Slow induction used stepwise increments in vapour setting of 2% for desflurane and 0.5% for isoflurane at 30 s intervals. All animals were anaesthetized using each technique according to a randomized block design with one week between treatments. Observations were made of the quality of induction (any struggling or periods of apnoea) and the latency to, and the duration of loss of the righting and toe pinch reflexes recorded. Changes in respiratory rate, arterial blood gas and cardiovascular parameters were also recorded. Induction and recovery times were shorter with rapid desflurane induction in comparison to isoflurane (loss of righting reflex: 139+/-27 s cf. 205+/-48 s), but both techniques were associated with struggling and long periods of apnoea (> 1 min) during the first 4 min after administration. During this period a significant degree of bradycardia, hypercapnia and hypoxaemia occurred with both techniques, but these and the subsequent effects of rapid desflurane administration were less severe than with isoflurane. Slow induction with desflurane was tolerated best, with little or no deleterious behavioural or physiological effects, however excessively prolonged induction times (loss of righting reflex 337+/-160 s) limits the application of this method. Desflurane, administered rapidly, appears to be a more suitable agent than isoflurane. However, as with isoflurane, anaesthesia should only be induced following oxygen supplementation.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed2004

The external amino acid signaling pathway promotes activation of Stp1 and Uga35/Dal81 transcription factors for induction of the AGP1 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Yeast cells respond to the presence of amino acids in their environment by inducing transcription of several amino acid permease genes including AGP1, BAP2, and BAP3. The signaling pathway responsible for this induction involves Ssy1, a permease-like sensor of external amino acids, and culminates with proteolytic cleavage and translocation to the nucleus of the zinc-finger proteins Stp1 and Stp2, the lack of which abolishes induction of BAP2 and BAP3. Here we show that Stp1-but not Stp2-plays an important role in AGP1 induction, although significant induction of AGP1 by amino acids persists in stp1 and stp1 stp2 mutants. This residual induction depends on the Uga35/Dal81 transcription factor, indicating that the external amino acid signaling pathway activates not only Stp1 and Stp2, but also another Uga35/Dal81-dependent transcriptional circuit. Analysis of the AGP1 gene's upstream region revealed that Stp1 and Uga35/Dal81 act synergistically through a 21-bp cis-acting sequence similar to the UAS(AA) element previously found in the BAP2 and BAP3 upstream regions. Although cells growing under poor nitrogen-supply conditions display much higher induction of AGP1 expression than cells growing under good nitrogen-supply conditions, the UAS(AA) itself is totally insensitive to nitrogen availability. Nitrogen-source control of AGP1 induction is mediated by the GATA factor Gln3, likely acting through adjacent 5'-GATA-3' sequences, to amplify the positive effect of UAS(AA). Our data indicate that Stp1 may act in combination with distinct sets of transcription factors, according to the gene context, to promote induction of transcription in response to external amino acids. The data also suggest that Uga35/Dal81 is yet another transcription factor under the control of the external amino acid sensing pathway. Finally, the data show that the TOR pathway mediating global nitrogen control of transcription does not interfere with the external amino acid signaling pathway.

Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The Bishop score and induction of labor].

INTRODUCTION: Induction of labor represents initiation of uterine contractions before their spontaneous onset. The aim of the study was to establish the role of Bishop score in prediction of labor induction in routine clinical work. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was a prospective, blind, observational one. All patients had a vaginal examination prior to induction, during which Bishop score was evaluated. The mode of induction was either intravenous infusion of oxytocin or endovaginal prostaglandins. The induction was considered successful if vaginal delivery took place within 24 hours from the onset of induction. RESULTS: There were 100 patients, and induction was successful in 74% and unsuccessful in 26%. Mean Bishop score in group A was 5.65 (SD 1.40, 95% CI 5.27-6.03), and in group B 4.15 (SD 1.04, 95% CI 3.66-4.63) (p < 0.01). Statistical analysis of the area under the ROC curve showed that Bishop score is a good and reliable predictor of the outcome of labor induction (0.816, 95% CI od 0.710-0.896), with the best statistical performances at the cut-off value of 5 (sensitivity 65.5%, specificity 95%, PPV 97.3%, NPV 50%). CONCLUSION: In our study Bishop score proved to be a reliable and good method for prediction of the outcome of pregnancy if a single, experienced operator evaluates it, with best statistical performances at the cut-off value more than 5 (sensitivity 65.5%, specificity 95%, PPV 97.3%, NPV 50%). The next step would be introduction of more operators, of different skills and experience and subsequent further testing of the method in different conditions.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Co-induction in ambulatory anesthesia].

BACKGROUND: Co-induction in anesthesia is very useful: synergistic effects of two inductional drugs may lower the dose regimen and the incidence of adverse effects. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare two anesthesiological techniques for short-lasting gynecological procedures in outpatient anesthesia. A total of 80 patients scheduled for surgical termination of pregnancy were randomly assigned into two equal groups--control and co-induction group. METOHDS: The first group of patients received atropine 0.5 mg i.v., alfentanil 0.5 mg i.v. and propofol as a fractionated i.v. bolus until the loss of eyelash reflex. The second group received atropin 0.5 mg, alfentanil 0.5 mg, midazolam 3 mg and propofol in the same manner as the first group. Anesthesia was maintained with propofol increments. Cardiovascular parameters, parameters of post anesthesia recovery and the adverse effects were registered. RESULTS: In patients receiving midazolam inductional dose of propofol was significantly lower, whereas cardiovascular parameters were not significantly different. The recovery after anesthesia was slightly longer after co-induction, but it was not of great clinical significance. The reduction of the adverse effects was found in the co-induction group. CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed that co-induction of midazolam-propofol in comparison with propofol alone for outpatient anesthesia had the following advantages: the reduction of propofol dose, better quality of anesthesia and the reduction of the adverse effects. Recovery was faster in the group that didn't receive midazolam, but it was not of great clinical significance. The conclusion is that co-induction with the combination midazolam-propofol has the advantage in outpatient procedures.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2000

Anti-inflammatory effect of heat shock protein induction is related to stabilization of I kappa B alpha through preventing I kappa B kinase activation in respiratory epithelial cells.

Heat shock protein (HSP) induction confers protection against diverse forms of cellular and tissue injury. However, the mechanism by which HSP exerts cytoprotective effects is unclear. Because HSP induction inhibits genetic expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the transcription of which is dependent on NF-kappa B activation, we explored the relationship between the anti-inflammatory effect of HSP induction and the NF-kappa B/I kappa B alpha pathway. Both HS and sodium arsenite treatment increased HSP70 expression time dependently at mRNA and protein levels. Prior induction of HSP suppressed cytokine-induced IL-8 and TNF-alpha expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Although HSP induction did not affect total cellular expression of NF-kappa B, TNF-alpha-induced increase in NF-kappa B-DNA binding activity and nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-kappa B were inhibited by prior HSP induction, suggesting that activation of NF-kappa B was blocked. Cytokine-induced I kappa B alpha phosphorylation and its degradation were blocked in HSP-induced cells. Immune complex kinase assays demonstrated that TNF-alpha induced increase in I kappa B kinase activity was suppressed by prior HSP induction. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of HSP induction in respiratory epithelial cells is related to stabilization of I kappa B alpha, possibly through the prevention of I kappa B kinase activation, which thereby inhibits activation of NF-kappa B.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed2004

Comparison of vaginal and oral misoprostol, for the induction of labour in women with intra-uterine foetal death.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of vaginal and oral misoprostol for the induction of labour in women with intra-uterine foetal death (IUFD). DESIGN: A prospective randomised clinical trial, comparing 200 microg oral and 200 microg vaginal misoprostol, six hourly for a maximum of four doses for the induction of labour in women with IUFD. SETTING: Ga-Rankuwa hospital (Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology), Pretoria, South Africa. It is a tertiary institution serving predominantly black indigenous population. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was the induction to delivery time, and secondary outcome measures were the number of patients requiring augmentation with oxytocin and all complications were noted. RESULTS: Twenty women were randomised to the vaginal route and 18 to the oral route. The induction to delivery time was shorter with vaginal misoprostol (13.5 +/- 8.3 hrs) compared to oral misoprostol (21.4 +/- 13.9 hrs; p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the amount of misoprostol needed to achieve successful induction in the two groups. More women (10/18) who received oral misoprostol required oxytocin augmentation to complete the induction of labour compared with 4/20 women in the vaginal group (p < 0.05; Odds Ratio 2.8; 95% Cl 1.36 - 4.24). There were no cases of failed induction. The systemic side effects (shivering, diarrhoea, vomiting and pyrexia) were more common with oral misoprostol (44.5%) compared to vaginal misoprostol (20%). This difference gives an overall Odds Ratio of 2.2 at 95% Cl of 1.6-2.8(p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Vaginal misoprostol achieved successful induction of labour in women with IUFD in a shorter time than oral misoprostol with significantly less side effects.

Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal↗
PubMed2005

Induction chemotherapy for head and neck cancer: will history repeat itself?

Locally advanced squamous cell head and neck cancer remains a therapeutic challenge for multidisciplinary teams. Despite high objective response rates, induction chemotherapy has not resulted in tangible benefit in multiple randomized trials. In recent years, as most evidence solidified the role of concurrent chemotherapy and radiation as either primary or postoperative therapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer, induction chemotherapy fell out of scope and practice. The failure of older randomized trials to show a survival benefit from induction chemotherapy can be attributed to several factors. It is possible that the predominance of locoregional failure did not allow any added benefit from better systemic control to translate into a survival advantage. Alternatively, seemingly active chemotherapy regimens may have been suboptimal. Nevertheless, recent developments have altered our perception of head and neck cancer and its treatment. Locoregional control has dramatically improved with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Of note is that none of the previously conducted randomized trials of induction chemotherapy used concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the control arm. Moreover, we witnessed the development of better combination regimens that improved efficacy in the induction setting. The previously standard cisplatin/5-fluoruracil (5-FU) combination is being replaced by the triple combination of taxane/ cisplatin/5-FU. Randomized trials showed that increased activity with the triplet regimen resulted in improved long-term disease control and survival. Finally, cetuximab, an active epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, is entering clinical practice and is expected to change the standard of therapy. With the emergence of more efficacious systemic therapies, the role of induction therapy warrants reevaluation. A number of randomized trials are planned or currently ongoing to investigate concurrent chemoradiotherapy with or without induction. These trials are anticipated to redefine the role of induction chemotherapy for head and neck cancer.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative study of inhalation induction by vital capacity breath in adults using 6% sevoflurane with oxygen or 4.5%sevoflurane in 50% nitrous oxide].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy, side effects and hemodynamic characteristics of induction by vital capacity breath in adults using 6% sevoflurane and oxygen versus 4.5% sevoflurane and 50% nitrous oxide. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We assigned 50 ASA I-II patients aged 20 to 70 years old randomly to two groups of 25 to receive either 6% sevoflurane in oxygen or 4.5% sevoflurane in nitrous oxide. All patients were premedicated with oral bromazepam (1.5 to 3 mg). Induction was by vital capacity breath using a Mapleson A circuit (8 l. min-1) for 5 min. We recorded induction time, side effects, hemodynamic variables and patient opinion after surgery. RESULTS: Induction time was significantly faster for the sevoflurane-oxygen group (60 +/- 10 s) than for the sevoflurane-nitrous oxide group (71 +/- 8 s) (p < 0.001). Complications were minor and hemodynamic variables stable in both groups, with no statistically significant differences. The patients expressed satisfaction with both induction techniques. CONCLUSIONS: A vital capacity breath of 6% sevoflurane provided rapid induction. Induction was no more rapid when 50% nitrous oxide was added and the incidence of side effects did not decrease. Hemodynamic variables are stable during induction with sevoflurane with or without nitrous oxide, making this a well-tolerated alternative technique that is positively evaluated by patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Comparison of three techniques for induction of anaesthesia with sevoflurane in children.

This study was designed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of three induction techniques using sevoflurane in children scheduled for tonsillectomy: incremental induction with sevoflurane(2,4,6,7%) in 100% O2 (group IC-O2; n=23); induction with high concentration of sevoflurane in 100% O2 (group HC-O2; n=22); and induction with high concentration of sevoflurane in a mixture of O2:N2O(50:50) (group HC-N2O; n=20). Induction was well accepted and well tolerated in most children. The addition of nitrous oxide resulted in faster loss of consciousness (P< 0.001) compared to the other induction techniques and in a tendency for reduced excitement compared with the same rapid technique without nitrous oxide (P=0.053). Time to tracheal intubation was identical in the three groups and intubation conditions were scored as good in most children. During the early induction phase, an increase in SAP and HR was observed in the three groups. Changes were maximal at two min after the beginning of induction in the three groups. SAP and HR values were back to baseline values at the time of tracheal intubation. In conclusion, the addition of nitrous oxide to a high sevoflurane concentration decreases the time to loss of eyelash reflex, tends to reduce the incidence of excitement and is not associated with an increased incidence of respiratory complications even in patients with obstructive airway.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2000

[Exposure of anesthetists to sevoflurane and nitrous oxide during inhalation anesthesia induction in pediatric anesthesia].

Inhalational mask induction with nitrous oxide and sevoflurane in young children is an appropriate alternative to intravenous induction and is considered safe and of rapid onset. Disadvantages of this technique are environmental pollution and occupational exposure to the inhalation agents used. Moreover, the potential health hazards are not yet completely clear. The purpose of the present study was to examine the anaesthesiologist's occupational exposure to nitrous oxide and sevoflurane in paediatric anaesthesia and mask induction. Twenty children underwent inhalational induction with nitrous oxide and sevoflurane in the operating theatre (air exchange rate 20.2/h, anaesthetic waste gas scavenger 40 l/min). Anaesthesia was maintained with the same agents. Air samples were taken from the edge of the anaesthesiologist's mouth continuously every 90 seconds, and trace concentrations of nitrous oxide and sevoflurane were analyzed with a direct reading infrared spectrometer (Brüel & Kjaer 1302, Denmark). Measurements taken during anaesthesia showed an increase in the concentrations of the anaesthetics used, but these were low. The highest mean concentrations occurred during induction (3.35 +/- 4.23 ppm for sevoflurane and 37.09 +/- 11.65 ppm for nitrous oxide). The overall peak levels measured were 6.31 +/- 4.23 ppm for sevoflurane and 68.78 +/- 40.79 ppm for nitrous oxide. Though the induction period was short compared to the whole length of anaesthesia, its impact on the overall waste gas exposure was 46.3% for sevoflurane (nitrous oxide 40.6%). Nonetheless, applicable German health law regulations were never infringed. The trace concentrations measured during inhalational mask induction and maintenance of anaesthesia were very low. With regard to modern workplace laws and health care regulations, gaseous induction in paediatric anaesthesia does not threaten the personnel's health.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed2000

Coactivation of beta-adrenergic and cholinergic receptors enhances the induction of long-term potentiation and synergistically activates mitogen-activated protein kinase in the hippocampal CA1 region.

Interactions between noradrenergic and cholinergic receptor signaling may be important in some forms of learning. To investigate whether noradrenergic and cholinergic receptor interactions regulate forms of synaptic plasticity thought to be involved in memory formation, we examined the effects of concurrent beta-adrenergic and cholinergic receptor activation on the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampal CA1 region. Low concentrations of the beta-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol (ISO) and the cholinergic receptor agonist carbachol had no effect on the induction of LTP by a brief train of 5 Hz stimulation when applied individually but dramatically facilitated LTP induction when coapplied. Although carbachol did not enhance ISO-induced increases in cAMP, coapplication of ISO and carbachol synergistically activated p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p42 MAPK). This suggests that concurrent beta-adrenergic and cholinergic receptor activation enhances LTP induction by activating MAPK and not by additive or synergistic effects on adenylyl cyclase. Consistent with this, blocking MAPK activation with MEK inhibitors suppressed the facilitation of LTP induction produced by concurrent beta-adrenergic and cholinergic receptor activation. Although MEK inhibitors also suppressed the induction of LTP by a stronger 5 Hz stimulation protocol that induced LTP in the absence of ISO and carbachol, they had no effect on LTP induced by high-frequency synaptic stimulation or low-frequency synaptic stimulation paired with postsynaptic depolarization. Our results indicate that MAPK activation has an important, modulatory role in the induction of LTP and suggest that coactivation of noradrenergic and cholinergic receptors regulates LTP induction via convergent effects on MAPK.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Comparison of inhalation induction with 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% sevoflurane in nitrous oxide for pediatric patients.

BACKGROUND: Sevoflurane is almost the idealest volatile anesthetic agent regarding inhalation induction of general anesthesia. Previous studies have established a role of sevoflurane in high concentration primed in the circuit for inhalation induction in pediatric patients. However, which concentration of sevoflurane is suitable has not yet been reported. This study was designed to compare the efficiency of different concentration of sevoflurane i.e. 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% and with N2O in 50% oxygen for induction of anesthesia in pediatric patients and at the same time to evaluate the tolerance of patients. METHODS: One hundred and twenty children who were 3 to 10 years old, of ASA class I, were randomly assigned to receive either 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% sevoflurane and N2O in 50% O2 for induction of anesthesia. The time to loss of eyelash reflex, responses of airway reflex, involuntary movement, and hemodynamic responses were recorded. RESULTS: Ninety-nine children completed the study. The times to loss of eyelash reflex with 2% in sequence to 8% sevoflurane were 114 +/- 21 s, 87 +/- 11 s, 75 +/- 6 s, and 48 +/- 8 s respectively. Incidence of airway reflex response including coughing, laryngospasm, and breath holding was the highest in the 8% group (P < 0.05). Inhalation induction with sevoflurane significantly decreased systolic as well as diastolic blood pressure compared with baseline blood pressure in all the four groups. The extent of decrease of blood pressure was within 20% range of baseline blood pressure in all groups. Significant increase of heart rate was only observed in the 4% and 6% groups. CONCLUSIONS: Sevoflurane 6% for inhalation induction apparently caused low incidence of adverse effects and hastened induction. We suggest that 6% sevoflurene is a concentration more practical for inhalation induction in pediatric patients.

Anesthetics, Inhalation↗
PubMed2001

Low dose fentanyl and propofol improve the speed and quality of tidal-breathing induction techniques in sevoflurane anesthesia for adults.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to investigate whether low dose fentanyl, with or without low dose propofol, as pretreatment agent/s is capable of speeding up and improving the quality of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion in tidal-breathing induction technique with high-concentration sevoflurane. METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients were assigned to one of the three groups: Group S, induction with 8% sevoflurane only; Group F + S, 1.0 microgram/kg fentanyl prior to induction; and Group F + P + S, 1.0 microgram/kg fentanyl and 0.5 mg/kg propofol prior to induction. RESULTS: It was demonstrated that the time from administration of drug (drugs) to loss of eyelash reflex (P < 0.05, Group F + P + S vs. F + S; P < 0.01, Group F + P + S vs. S), to jaw relaxation (P < 0.05, Group F + P + S vs. S) and time taken for LMA insertion (P < 0.01, Group F + P + S vs. S) were all shorter in Group F + P + S, with fewer complications (coughing and involuntary movement) during induction, however, the first time success rate with LMA insertion did not significantly differ among the comparing groups. According to a postoperative inquiry (by questionnaire), there were significantly more patients in the Group F + P + S (57.5%) who considered the induction as pleasant (P < 0.05), of whom 75% expressed that they would be willing to undergo an induction of the same form again in the future (P < 0.05). This more positive rating may be related to the mild sedative effects of the agents given and shorter induction time, which significantly helped reduce the rate of recall of the unpleasant gas. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study of LMA insertion, for ASA I or II adult patients undergoing the tidal-breathing technique with 8% sevoflurane, suggest that pretreatment with 1 microgram/kg fentanyl plus 0.5 mg/kg propofol is superior in comparison with either pretreatment with 1 microgram/kg fentanyl or absence of pretreatment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transformation of rat fibroblasts by TGF-beta and EGF induces sensitivity for intercellular induction of apoptosis.

During intercellular induction of apoptosis, TGF-beta-treated nontransformed fibroblasts induce apoptosis specifically in transformed fibroblasts. To test whether sensitivity to intercellular induction of apoptosis is causally related to the expression of the transformed phenotype, NRK 536 cells were reversibly transformed by TGF-beta / EGF- treatment and were tested for their sensitivity to intercellular induction of apoptosis. Cells that expressed the transformed phenotype after application of both cytokines exhibited sensitivity for intercellular induction of apoptosis, whereas cells treated with only one of the cytokines did not show the transformed phenotype and remained insensitive. Sensitivity to intercellular induction seems to be determined by extracellular generation of superoxide anions, as sensitive cells generated extracellular superoxide anions and intercellular induction of apoptosis in these cells was inhibited by SOD. These data demonstrated that the cytokine-determined transformed phenotype of fibroblasts controls their sensitivity for intercellular induction of apoptosis through induction of superoxide anion generation.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Parental presence during pediatric anesthetic inductions.

Children's responses to parental presence during anesthetic induction have been researched thoroughly; however, not much is known about the response of parents to being present at their child's induction. The purpose of this research was to examine parent's preparation for, attitudes and emotions about, and experiences with being present for their child's anesthetic induction. Participants included parents who accompanied their children ranging from 1 to 10 years of age during induction by general anesthesia. Multiple-choice surveys were distributed preoperatively to a convenience sample of 55 parents who were present for their child's anesthetic induction. Of 55 surveys, 38 (69%) were returned postoperatively. Data were analyzed using frequency distributions, cross-tabulations with chi 2 tests, and correlation coefficients. In general, parents felt accurately prepared and satisfied with their preparation. They thought their presence was beneficial to their child, themselves, and anesthesia personnel. Overall satisfaction with preparation was related to the completeness of the information they received (r = 0.35; P < .04). Complete and accurate information about the induction event before surgery and emotional support during induction are important psychosocial aspects of anesthesia care for parents who plan to be present during their child's induction.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Stat1-dependent induction of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and the cell-surface death signaling pathway by interferon beta in human cancer cells.

Type I IFNs are known to inhibit tumor cell growth and stimulate the immune system. However, little is known of the mechanism of type I IFN-induced apoptosis in human cancer cells. In this study, we have IFN-beta treatment of a human colorectal cell line (KM12L4) and a resistant clone of this cell line, L4RIFN. We demonstrate the induction of apoptosis in the parent cell line. This process was associated with the induction of the Jak-Stat signaling pathway, induction of the proapoptotic mediator tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), and activation of procaspase-3, -8, -9, and -10. Additionally, we evaluated the role of Stat1 in mediating IFN-beta induction of these proapoptotic signals in a fibrosarcoma cell line (2ftgh) and a Stat1-deficient clone (U3A). Our results demonstrate that IFN-beta induction of apoptosis and the induction of proapoptotic mediator TRAIL is Stat1 dependent. Evaluation of a stable transfectant of the KM12L4 cell line expressing c-FLIP supports the role of TRAIL and the cell-surface death signaling pathways in IFN-beta induction of apoptosis. Studies evaluating the TRAIL promoter indicate induction of TRAIL promoter activity by IFN-beta. These results may represent a novel pathway by which IFN-beta may induce therapeutic effects.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2005

[Safety of sputum induction in subjects with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety of sputum induction in subjects with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). METHODS: Twenty-two patients with AECOPD were enrolled in the study. All subjects inhaled a mist of 3% hypertonic saline solution and the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) and pulse oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) were measured during the procedure. RESULTS: A significant fall in SpO(2) and FEV(1) was found during sputum induction by inhalation of 3% hypertonic saline solution. Mean decline in SpO(2) during sputum induction was (2.1 +/- 0.4)% (P < 0.01) and recovered within 10 min after cessation of sputum induction. Mean decline in FEV(1) during sputum induction was (12.3 +/- 3.1)% (P = 0.027), an absolute fall of (0.11 +/- 0.03) L, and the FEV(1) returned to the baseline in all subjects within 10 min after cessation of sputum induction. The sputum induction was successful in 19 of the 22 (86%) patients. CONCLUSION: The use of a standardized sputum induction protocol is relatively safe in sampling the lower airways in patients with AECOPD.

Aged↗