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934 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Salivary urea nitrogen as an index to renal function: a test-strip method.

To investigate the feasibility of using salivary urea nitrogen as an index of renal glomerular filtration rate, we developed and applied a new analytical system consisting of a urease-containing test strip and an automatic reflectance spectrometer. The concentrations of urea nitrogen so determined correlate well (r = 0.93) with concentrations in serum. These preliminary data suggest that our method can be used routinely as a simple and reliable means of detecting abnormalities of renal function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Cutaneous penetration of some hairdyes in the hairless rat.

The cutaneous penetration of certain number of oxidation dyestuffs for hair [p-aminophenol, 2,4-diaminoanisole, 2,4-diaminophenoxyethanol, resorcinol, 3-acetylamino-2,6-dimethylphenol and the indamine: N-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-3-amino-6-methylbenzoquinoneimine], either alone or when formulated with other dyestuffs, and under various experimental conditions, has been evaluated in the hairless rat using C14 labeled molecules. It has been found that: Dyestuffs having indamine structures, formed by oxidation of their precursors (bases, couplers), for all practical purposes do not cross the cutaneous barrier. No fixation of those dyestuffs investigated (resorcinol, 2,4-diaminoanisole, 2,4-diaminophenoxyethanol) which do pass through the cutaneous barrier is found in either liver or thyroid of the experimental animals, 4 days after their topical application. The amount of the hairdye 3-acetylamino-2,6-dimethylphenol which penetrates the cutaneous barrier is constant for quantities of hairdye solution greater than or equal to 20 mg/cm2 of skin. The type and composition of the excipient used in the formulation of hairdyes plays an important role in their penetration.

Aminophenols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Macroscopic fluctuations in aqueous solutions of proteins and other substances as a possible consequence of cosmo-geophysical factors].

Synchronous measurements of macroscopic fluctuations (MF) in Pushchino, Simferopol, Alma-Ata and Pojakonda (Moscow University Biological Station on the White Sea) show a similarity between the low frequency components of macroscopic fluctuations (trends) after shifting the latter by the time interval corresponding to the difference in longitude. The MF amplitude is shown to be essentially smaller in the North polar circle, as compared with that in the middle latitude. "Signals" presenting reproducible specific sequences of macroscopic fluctuations were found. It is suggested that synchronism and probably the very existence of macroscopic fluctuations are caused by some cosmic-geophysical factors.

2,6-Dichloroindophenol↗
PubMed1995

NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase expression and mitomycin C resistance developed by human colon cancer HCT 116 cells.

An association between the resistance to mitomycin C (MMC) and a decrease of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) activity was reported for a MMC-resistant subline, HCT 116-R30A, derived from MMC-sensitive HCT 116 cells. Eight NQO1 cDNA clones were isolated from these two sublines by reverse transcription-PCR. Two clones, pDT9 from HCT 116 and pDT20 from HCT 116-R30A, are the full length of 274 amino acids. These two clones differ by a T to C substitution at nucleotide 464, which results in a replacement of arginine 139 by tryptophan in the enzyme. NQO1 of pDT9 and pDT20 was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and shown to have a protein subunit of M(r) 30,000. The change of amino acid 139 resulted in a shift of isoelectric pH from 9.5 to 8.35 and a 60% decrease of activity in reducing MMC. All of the other six clones differ from pDT9 by a deletion of exon 4. On Northern blot, we detected two mRNA species of NQO1 (1.2 and 2.7 kilobases) due to alternative polyadenylation in all sublines. MMC-resistant sublines showed 75-90% mRNA expression relative to HCT 116 cells. Reverse transcription-PCR amplification of cDNA fragment of nucleotide 298-617 revealed two full-length mRNAs in HCT 116 cells but only one full-length mRNA in HCT 116-R30A cells. An exon 4 deletion mRNA was detected in both sublines. The two full-length mRNAs may be from either alleles or chimeras of the same gene and the exon 4 deletion mRNA is a result of alternative splicing. On Western blot, we detected only one M(r) 30,000 protein in all sublines. A substantial decrease of this protein in MMC-resistant sublines (5% of HCT 116) explained the 95% decrease of their NQO1 activity. Transcriptional regulation and posttranscriptional modification may be responsible for the disparity of gene expression of NQO1 and the low concentration of NQO1 protein in MMC-resistant sublines. Reversal of MMC resistance and the recovery of NQO1 in two revertants further supports the hypothesis that cellular control of NQO1 can modulate the cytotoxicity of MMC.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Monoclonal antibody AE-2 modulates carbamate and organophosphate inhibition of fetal bovine serum acetylcholinesterase.

The monoclonal antibody AE-2, raised against the human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) dimer (acetylcholine acetylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7), binds to other mammalian AChEs, including the tetramer that occurs in fetal bovine serum (FBS). AE-2 partially inhibited the rate of hydrolysis of the charged substrate acetylthiocholine by FBS AChE, whereas it increased the rate of hydrolysis of the neutral substrate indophenyl acetate. Present results show that AE-2 decreases the rate of inhibition of FBS AChE by the positively charged organophosphate amiton-p-toluene sulfonate and the positively charged carbamates pyridostigmine and neostigmine but accelerates inhibition of FBS AChE by the neutral organophosphates paraoxon and diisopropylfluorophosphate. Results suggest that AE-2 may allosterically modulate an anionic site in the catalytic center of FBS AChE.

Acetylcholinesterase↗