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PubMed2006

[Research results on sensitivity of surveillance on the infectious diseases of PSSE Zwoleń].

The aim of the paper was to evaluate sensitivity of surveillance of infectious diseases in 2005, in comparison to 2000-2004 (i.e. after taking the measures to improve notification of infectious diseases). In the first half of 2005 significant improvement was noticed, mainly in the group of diseases, which had been to be reported obligatorily since 2002 (e.g. helminthiasis). The improvement of notification and registration was short-lasting. In the second half of the year the drop of notification and registration was reported. There is a need of active and permanent monitoring of notification and registration of infectious diseases and renewed consideration of the list of diseases which are subjected to be obligatorily notified.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMed2006

Efficacy of a single-dose treatment with 300 mg diethylcarbamazine and a combination of 400 mg albendazole in reduction of Wuchereria bancrofti antigenemia and concomitant geohelminths in Myanmar migrants in Southern Thailand.

BACKGROUND: There seems to be a large magnitude of parasitic worm loads caused by nocturnally periodic Wuchereria bancrofti and geohelminths, in cross-border Myanmar migrant workers in Thailand. We are therefore considering an effective Mass Drug Administration (MDA) with Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) and Albendazole (ABZ). Due to short periods of their residency and current situation of W. bancrofti antigenemics and concomitant geohelminths, treatment effects on the containment of the infections need to be analyzed. OBJECTIVES: Analyze short-term effects on reduction of W. bancrofti antigen (WbAg) and geohelminths' egg (GhE) loads. The efficacy of a single-dose combined treatment with 300 mg DEC (for filariasis) and 400 mg ABZ (for helminthiasis) was evaluated and compared with a single-dose treatment arm with 300 mg DEC alone. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A randomized clinical trial of two treatment choices in 28 Myanmar male workers (DEC/ABZ or group I = 15, DEC or group II = 13) was conducted in Phang Nga province, Southern Thailand. Because of the withdrawal of three subjects of the DEC group, all the 10 DEC subjects were follow-up monitored at post treatment 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Their mean age was 26.4 years; worm loads (mean +/- SD x 10(3)) of W. bancrofti, Ascaris and Trichuris was 103.9 +/- 44.1 antigen units (AU)/ml, 47.3 +/- 38.7 eggs per gram (EPG) and 16.6 +/- 22.2 EPG respectively. The data on the 15 DEC/ABZ subjects showed a mean age of 25.7 years; corresponding worm loads = 96.1 +/- 54.6 AU/ml, 397.0 +/- 117.3 EPG and 54.5 +/- 42.8 EPG respectively. The Antigen Reduction Rates (ARR) and Egg Reduction Rates (ERR) were presented. RESULTS: At the 12-week post treatment, WbAg loads (mean +/- SD x 10(3) AU/ml) were 61.5 +/- 58.4 for group I and 76.8 +/- 40.7 for group II. A significant WbAg reduction was noted for both groups at weeks 8 and 12 (p < 0.05). Also, the significant reduction of GhE loads was more pronounced for both groups after week 2 (p < 0.05). When comparing efficacy of the treatment choices by the treatment retention time, it was more likely to show both groups had similar adulticidal effects on either WbAg, denoted as the ARR (F = 0. 064, p = 0.806) or GhE, denoted as the ERR (F = 0.196, p = 0.669). CONCLUSION: The single-dose 300 mg DEC plus 400 mg ABZ, or 300 mg DEC alone, can be effectively used for treating infections with W. bancrofti and concomitant geohelminths commonly observed in the area. But treatment rounds are required to clear the infections. The reduction of the parasitic worm loads in the legal Myanmar migrants provide values in monitoring and evaluating an effective MDA program with the DEC/ABZ at the provincial level.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Disturbances of the incretory and excretory pancreatic functions in patients suffering from psoriasis in combination with chronic opisthorchosis].

The aim of the study was to evaluate the incretory and excretory functions of the pancreas in patients suffering from psoriasis in combination with chronic opisthorchosis (CO). The subjects were 30 patients with psoriasis and CO, 20 patients with psoriasis without helminthiasis, 20 patients with CO, and 12 healthy individuals. The incretory pancreatic function was studied by measuring serum levels of pancreatic hormones (insulin, glucagon, and C-peptide) using radioimmunoassay with standard sets; the excretory function was studied by means of measuring serum levels of pancreatic enzymes (amylase and lipase) using a biochemical technique. Proteolytic capacity was evaluated using PABA test (per cent of the renal excretion of paraminobenzoic acid); amylolytic capacity was evaluated using coprogram results. The study revealed disturbances in the incretory and excretory functions of the pancreas in patients suffering from psoriasis or psoriasis with CO. The latter subgroup had more prominent disturbances.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The comparative characteristics of the ontogenetic indices in healthy children and those with enterobiasis].

It should be noted that a total number of dysembryogenesis stigmas in an individual child must be taken into consideration in the formation of risk groups. Children with an increased number of stigmas (more than 7 in one child) are thought to be at high risk only of somatic pathology but also of the given helminthiasis and should be urgently examined for enterobiasis.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The socioeconomic criteria of the effectiveness of measures for the sanitary improvement of children's collectives against enterobiasis].

Using social and economic criteria, the efficacy of health improving measures against enterobiasis in the organized groups of pre-school children has been assessed. The introduction of mass treatment of children with vermox into a complex of antienterobiasis measures has a considerable health improving effect, without rendering the procedure more expensive. A considerable difference between the economic damage inflicted by enterobiasis and the economic efficacy of antienterobiasis complex, including mass children treatment, forms the basis for the wide use of anthelmintics in the control of this type of helminthiasis.

Azerbaijan↗
PubMed1991

[Significance of an increase of total IgE].

Under normal condition, serum IgE concentrations are low and controlled by complex regulating mechanisms. Increased IgE synthesis may be associated with a response of IgE antibodies to allergens or parasites. It may also betray a wider disorder in the regulation of IgE production, resulting in a rise of total IgEs of unknown specificity. Broadly speaking, high IgE levels are observed in two main circumstances: allergic ans parasitic diseases. In allergic diseases the diagnostic value of high IhE concentrations is modest, since a search for specific IgEs by cutaneous tests ot laboratory techniques (RAST) is more rewarding than total IgE determination. However, total IgE assays are useful in the detection of atopy in neonates at risk and the identification and therapeutic follow-up of allergic pulmonary aspergillosis. High IgE levels are frequently associated with parasitic diseases, especially helminthiasis. They also reflect a disorder of IgE homeostasis in some types of immunodeficiency, including the classical IgE hyperproduction syndrome. Except for this syndrome, high IgE concentrations merely constitute a secondary diagnostic factor in a wide pathology, but they often bear witness to a subjacent dysregulation of T-cell function.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The decreased susceptibility of Syrian hamsters to Opisthorchis felineus invasion after its repeated administration].

The investigations conducted on Syrian hamsters have revealed that multiple enteral infusions of cold inactivated (t = -10 degrees C) O. felineus metacercariae resulted in the formation of immunocompetent cell and fibroblast infiltrations around the branches of the portal vein. The infestation of animals by viable pathogens led to reduced accommodation of helminths and suppressed cell infiltration in the liver. It is assumed that the native population of the foci become tolerant to the disease with the penetration of noninvasive Opisthorchis larvae into their body and the development of latent forms of helminthiasis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Diphyllobothriasis in the Far East of the USSR].

The analysis of the literary data has shown that the population of the Far East is infected not with D. latum, as in other areas of the disease distribution, but with the Far Eastern tapeworm type D. klebanovskii. The final hosts of the parasite are the representatives of the Carnivora order, while the additional hosts are fish of Oncorhynchus and Salvelinus genera. Helminthiasis foci are localized in seaside biotopes on the Sea of Japan, the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea. The remaining area of the disease distribution, including Maritime and Khabarovsk Territory, Sakhalin and Kamchatka regions and the sea water area were a zone to which D. klebanovskii is brought by Pacific Ocean salmon with pseudofoci of invasion.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Chemotherapy, patient immune status and the outlook for immunocorrection in parasitic diseases (exemplified by natural-focus invasions)].

Chemotherapy of parasitic infections and zoonotic helminthiasis in particular can be effective if the peculiarities of the parasite species specificities and the character of immunological condition of a host or groups of population of endemic foci are taken into account. The state of immunodepression and immune disregulation was found in migrants to a territory endemic for Opisthorchis felineus infection, suffering from acute and chronic stage of the disease. In aborigenes the signs of immunological tolerance were obvious. Hypersensitivity to praziquantel treatment in the former group and the good tolerance of the therapy in the latter were shown. The inhibitors of prostaglandins, especially in combination with mebendazole or albendazole, improved the tolerance of the treatment and enhanced parasitocidal effect. Low activity of interleukin-1, decreased level of interferon-alpha and almost normal level of gamma-interferon were found in patients with progressive course of hydatid disease with the lowering of these parameters after mebendazole therapy. In radically operated patients these parameters were normal. It seems that a higher level of gamma-interferon is needed for benign course of echinococcus infection, and recombinant gamma-interferon or inducers of this cytokine will be beneficial for the improvement of chemotherapy and prevention of relapses of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Comparative study of thiabendazole and mebendazole in strongyloidiasis].

Taking into consideration some statements about better efficacy and good tolerability of mebendazole and since thiabendazole has not been produced in our country the past few years we have conducted a study evaluating mebendazole, in comparison with thiabendazole in the treatment of patients with strongyloidiasis. Strongyloidiasis is a disease that should be treated with an effective and active drug since it can rapidly progress and be fatal in patients with disturbed immunocompetence. One hundred and ten patients with strongyloidiasis were treated with oral thiabendazole in a dosage of 50 mg/kg daily for two days; the other group of 41 patients was given mebendazole in a dosage of 10 mg/kg/day orally for five days. Clinical evaluations, parasitologic and hematologic tests were performed within three months after the therapy. Patients were considered to have been cured if parasitologic findings were negative and abnormal blood eosinophilia decreased below 0.09 (733/microliters). According to these criteria thiabendazole was effective in 96.4% of patients and mebendazole in 44% of patients only. We conclude that thiabendazole has still to be regarded the drug of choice in treating patients with strongyloidiasis. Mebendazole is far less effective in patients with this helminthiasis and very probably only suppresses the infection. The reports of other studies on the effect of some of the newer benzimidazole antihelmintics as cambendazole, albendazole and flubendazole have shown that they are toxic or less effective in the treatment of strongyloidiasis.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of population migration in the spread of opisthorchiasis from an Ob'-Irtysh invasion focus].

The first quantitative indicators of opisthorchiasis irradiation from the invasion focus at the social level are obtained. It was demonstrated that 114.000 out of 1 mln. people leaving the helminthiasis invasion focus had suffered from opisthorchiasis. Invasion irradiation may be limited by means of reduction of emigration from the area by improvement of working and living conditions and reduction of the invasion rate, which can be attained by creation of a system of immigrants' protection and activization of preventive measures and medical treatment of local population.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical and immunological indicators in patient with viral hepatitis A combined with ascariasis].

The data obtained point to the aggravation of virus hepatitis A time-course in case of a mixed pathology. This may be due to the state of a certain immune deficiency characteristic of parasitic diseases, including helminthiasis. It is also possible that immune deficiency is an inevitable condition for helminths' existance in the host. This suggestion is supported by the fact of helminthic invasion of virus hepatitis patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Intestinal parasitic infections among schoolchildren in Chiang Mai, northern Thailand: an analysis of the present situation.

Stool examination from primary schoolchildren in Chiang Mai Province, north Thailand, was performed to determine the present state of parasitic infections in this area. Out of a total of 491 children, 239 proved positive (48.7%). The most common type of parasite was found to be soil-transmitted helminths such as hookworm (26.3%) or Strongyloides stercoralis (11.2%), while Ascaris lumbricoides was not so prevalent (1.2% being positive in one school out of three). These results are in contrast to earlier reports showing higher prevalence rates, leading the authors to hypothesize that improvements in sanitary conditions and eradication projects have been effective. Opisthorchiasis is another parasitic disease with a relatively high prevalence rate of 7.5%. This disease rate increases with age and it was found in two out of three schools (8.3-15.8%) and was the most common type of helminth infection. Ascariasis was not seen in these two schools, but strongyloidiasis was found to be the second most prevalent helminthiasis, having a higher infection rate than hookworm. Therefore, eradication efforts now need to be directed toward eliminating opisthorchiasis and strongyloidiasis in addition to continuing to eradicate ascariasis and hookworm infections. The most common protozoal infection with a high pathogenicity in this region was found to be giardiasis (7.7%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Granulomatous inflammation of the liver in opisthorchiasis].

Granulomatous liver inflammation was studied in Syrian hamsters in opisthorchiasis alone and in combination with different factors, such as carcinogens, anthelmintics, immunosuppressants and pregnancy. Parasitic ova and metabolites, as well as hepatic cell necrosis are shown to be the initiating factors of granulomatous inflammation. Granulomas originate in ductal walls, hepatic stroma and parenchyma. Four granuloma types are distinguished, i.e. macrophagal, giant-cell, necrotizing and cicatricial one. The biggest granuloma area was observed in superinvasive form of helminthiasis, when infection was combined with a carcinogen (DMNA), and in pregnant female hamsters treated with droncite. It is suggested that opisthorchiasis is a granulomatous disease.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Measurement of anti-Ascaris IgE antibody levels in tropical allergic patients, using modified ELISA.

The two most common situations in which the determination of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels is of interest are allergic disease and helminthic infection. This is of particular importance in the tropical environment, as helminthiasis possibly influences the expression of allergic reactivity. Because of the low absolute serum levels of IgE, solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) is conventionally used for its measurement. The radioactive and toxic volatile reagents required restricted application of such assays in the tropical situation. We evaluated a nitrocellulose-based, avidin biotin-amplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgE, in which monoclonal anti-IgE antibodies were employed. Excellent correlations were obtained between ELISA and RIA for both total and allergen-specific IgE measurement. The ELISA was then applied to determine the levels of anti-Ascaris antibodies in selected allergic patients, in whom no cutaneous immediate hypersensitivity reactions were demonstrated against common environmental allergens such as house dust, but who had positive skin reactions to Ascaris extract. When compared with non-allergic subjects who had equivalent cutaneous reactivity, no significant differences were found in total IgE levels, house-dust specific IgE levels or non-reaginic anti-Ascaris antibody levels. However, higher levels of IgE antibody against the parasite were detected in the allergic subjects. This observation raises the question of the possible role of Ascaris infection in the stimulation of allergic reactions in such patients. We describe an immunoenzymatic assay for total and specific IgE antibody that is better adapted to the tropical situation than the commonly used radioimmunoassays.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Ascaris↗
PubMed1986

Research needs and priorities for avian internal parasites in the United States. American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists.

The importance of parasitic infections to the poultry industry has been well documented. The introduction of large scale confinement rearing techniques have decreased the variety of parasitic diseases, but have increased their frequency and economic impact. Coccidiosis and helminthiasis are the two most important parasitic diseases, although diseases such as histoplasmosis and leukocytozoonosis have the potential to become serious in certain geographic areas. Much of the research effort has been directed at the development of new anticoccidial drugs. However, drug resistance is an increasing problem, and there is a need to develop vaccines, at least for the control of coccidiosis. A better understanding of the biologic aspects of parasitic infections, including the host response, would allow for coordinated control programs involving diagnosis, management, treatment, and immunization. Specific recommendations are made for research objectives with immediate and long-range application.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[2 cases of hydatidosis in the Republic of Niger].

Two cases of hydatidosis have been observed at the hospital of Niamey, one involving the tibia and the other one the liver and the spleen. For unknown epidemiological factors, this helminthiasis is rare in man in western Africa.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Ascaris and bronchial asthma in children.

Skin tests with the Ascaris antigen were carried out in 270 children with bronchial asthma and 220 controls. Faecal and sputum specimens were also examined for helminths. Twenty-seven per cent of the asthmatic children had positive reactions to the Ascaris antigen compared with 8% of controls (P less than 0.001). The positive reactions were, however, not related to the sex of the patients, severity of asthma, the presence of Ascaris ova in the faeces or the blood eosinophil counts. Larvae of helminths were not found in sputum specimens examined. While the present study indicates a possible association between Ascaris and asthma in children, further studies, including provocation tests and controlled anthelminthic drug trials, are required to confirm, as well as elucidate this association. It is however, suggested that routine screening for helminthiasis be undertaken in asthmatic children in the tropics and deworming carried out in those with positive results.

Adolescent↗