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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Position paper: periodontal diseases of children and adolescents.

Children and adolescents are subject to several periodontal diseases. Although there is a much lower prevalence of destructive periodontal diseases in children than in adults, children can develop severe forms of periodontitis. In some cases, this destructive disease is a manifestation of a known underlying systemic disease. In other young patients, the underlying cause for increased susceptibility and early onset of disease is unknown. These diseases are often familial, suggesting a genetic predisposition for aggressive disease. Current modalities for managing periodontal diseases of children and adolescents may include antibiotic therapy in combination with non-surgical and/or surgical therapy. Since early diagnosis ensures the greatest chance for successful treatment, it is important that children receive a periodontal examination as part of their routine dental visits.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Luteolin inhibits lipopolysaccharide actions on human gingival fibroblasts.

Periodontal disease comprises a group of infections that lead to inflammation of the gingiva, periodontal tissue destruction, and in severe cases is accompanied by alveolar bone loss with tooth exfoliation. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is a Gram-negative microorganism, which possesses and produces lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecules that play a key role in disease development. Human gingival fibroblasts are the major constituents of gingival connective tissue and may interact directly with bacteria and bacterial products including LPS. Flavonoids possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that reduce inflammatory molecule expression in macrophages and monocytes. In this study, we evaluated the ability of diverse flavonoids to regulate nitric oxide production of LPS-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts, and studied the effect of luteolin on diminish phosphorylation in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members as well as in protein kinase B (Akt), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation, inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression, and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. We also found that pretreatment with three flavonoids, including quercetin, genistein, and luteolin, blocked nitric oxide synthesis in a dose-dependent fashion. Luteolin exerted the strongest blocking action on expression of this inflammatory mediator. Luteolin pretreatment attenuated LPS-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38, and Akt phosphorylation. LPS treatment of human gingival fibroblasts resulted in NF-kappaB translocation. Cell pretreatment with luteolin abolished LPS effects on NF-kappaB translocation. In addition, luteolin treatment blocked LPS-induced cellular proliferation inhibition without affecting genetic material integrity. We concluded that luteolin interferes with LPS signaling pathways, reducing activation of several mitogen-activated protein kinase family members, and inhibits inflammatory mediator expression.

Cell Proliferation↗
PubMed2002

Periodontal diseases and HIV infection.

The workshop considered six related questions about periodontal changes seen in HIV infection. 1) To what extent are specific periodontal changes associated with HIV? 2) Are conventional periodontal diseases modified by HIV infection? The changes associated with HIV appear to be modified presentations of conventional diseases. Research should identify initiation and progression factors for necrotizing diseases. 3) What is the role of geography and transmission groups? These questions cannot be answered without greater standardisation of research methods. 4) Has the epidemiology of these changes changed with the advent of new therapies? The data required to answer this question should be available soon but this question is irrelevant to the vast majority of people with HIV. 5) What pathogens are involved in periodontal changes seen in HIV infection? The role of Candida spp. and other potential pathogens requires further investigation. 6) What management protocols are suitable for the periodontal diseases? The significance of periodontal diseases among people with HIV in developing countries is not known. Further research is needed of the effectiveness of interventions especially necrotizing disease in developing countries. The quality of research of these diseases would be enhanced by standardized approaches. A list of relevant variables might prevent their omission from studies.

Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active↗
PubMed1992

Linear IgA disease manifesting as recalcitrant desquamative gingivitis.

A case of desquamative gingivitis caused by adult linear IgA disease is presented. Management initially proved to be difficult, however, the introduction of sulfapyridine caused rapid resolution of the gingival problem. This is one of the first reports of desquamative gingivitis caused by linear IgA disease successfully treated with sulfapyridine.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Necrotising periodontal diseases.

Necrotizing gingivitis (NG) or necrotising ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) is considered to be an acute opportunistic gingival infection caused by bacterial plaque. It appears more frequently in undernurished children and young adults as well as patients with immunodeficiency. In its pathogenesis, there are factors related to the oral microbiota with invasion processes on the one hand, and on the other hand, factors associated with the host, such as signs of capillary and immunological disorders as well as undernurishment. The disease is characterized by pain, bleeding and papillary necrosis with tendency to relapse. Diagnosis is made by a simple clinical examination. However, complementary tests ought to be performed in order to eliminate the possibility of illnesses systemic or immunodeficiency. Early and sustained treatment is strongly recommended. Lesions of the gums (craters in the interdental papillae) as an aftermath of the disease is a possibility, or if there is necrotizing periodontitis there will be loss of attachment tissue.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

A classification system for loss of papillary height.

A classification system for loss of papillary height is proposed. It uses readily identifiable anatomical landmarks for reference, and sorts the degree of loss into 3 classes. The 3 broad categories allow for a quick descriptive assessment. In addition to the basic classification, it is suggested that additional and incremental description may be included to further define the defects.

Disease Progression↗