Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

The current status of alpha-1-antityrpsin, a protease inhibitor, in gastrointestinal disease.

Extremely deficient levels of alpha-1-antitrypsin (ALPHA1AT) predispose such deficient individuals to the development of emphysema and cirrhosis. Protease inhibitor (Pi) typing has clarified that the inherited deficiency is codominant. A glycoprotein with antigenic characteristics of alpha1AT is found in the endoplasmic reticulum of the hepatocytes of individuals with PiZ phenotype. No therapy is available except liver transplantation. Although biochemical advances in defining the nature of alpha1AT deficiency are progressing, the pathogenesis of the liver disease remains an enigma.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Systematic review: adipose tissue, obesity and gastrointestinal diseases.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is increasingly being recognized as a risk factor for a number of benign and malignant gastrointestinal conditions. However, literature on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms is sparse and ambiguous. Insulin resistance is the most widely accepted link between obesity and disease, particularly colorectal cancer. The recognition that intra-abdominal fat is immunologically active sheds new light not only on the pathogenesis of obesity-related gastrointestinal conditions, but also on inflammatory conditions such as Crohn's disease. AIM: To describe the biology of adipose tissue, its impact on the immune system and explores the possible underlying mechanisms linking obesity to gastrointestinal diseases. It also looks at the role of mesenteric fat in determining severity and course of Crohn's disease. METHODS: Relevant English-language literature and abstracts cited on MEDLINE database were reviewed. RESULTS: Our recent finding of an association between obesity and subclinical bowel inflammation suggests that, apart from promoting generalized immune activation, fat also evokes local immune responses. We propose that the proinflammatory milieu promoted by obesity could underlie many of these associations and that the mechanism implicating insulin resistance may merely represent an epiphenomenon. In Crohn's disease, on the other hand, intra-abdominal fat may provide a protective mechanism. CONCLUSION: The potential of adipose tissue as a therapeutic target is vast and needs exploration.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1996

Cytokines and gastrointestinal disease mechanisms.

Cytokines mediate immune responses and are detectable in the normal gastrointestinal mucosa. It is unclear how cytokines are physiologically regulated but in inflammatory enteropathies their expression is often greatly increased and may account for the tissue damage observed. T-cells may be sub-divided according to the pattern of cytokines which they secrete. TH1 cytokine expression is increased in delayed type IV cell mediate immune responses whereas TH2 cytokines are raised in diseases in which humoral mechanisms are more important. Cytokines are secreted by macrophages in relatively greater amounts than from T-cells. They are non-specific products of inflammation and may account for the majority of tissue damage seen in mucosal disease. The pattern of cytokine secretion may determine the immunopathogenesis of an inflammatory disorder. The ultimate goal of cytokine research is the development of therapeutic measures based on a better understanding of their actions which may be achieved with a better understanding of the molecular immune-microenvironment in inflammatory enteropathies. Studies with transgenic mice and gene targeted mice have important implications to the understanding of the immune system and its role in intestinal diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Excess costs from gastrointestinal disease associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

OBJECTIVE: To quantify medical care costs for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders attributable to use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) other than aspirin in elderly persons. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective cohort study of 75,350 Tennessee Medicaid enrollees at least 65 years of age. MEASUREMENTS: The cohort was classified by baseline NSAID use as nonusers (no use preceding 1988), occasional users (< 75% of days) or regular users (> or = 75% of days). For the follow-up year (1989), we calculated annual rates of utilization of and Medicare/Medicaid payments for: medical care for NSAID-associated gastrointestinal disorders; hospitalizations/emergency department visits for peptic ulcers, gastritis/duodenitis, and gastrointestinal bleeding; outpatient upper and lower gastrointestinal tract radiologic and endoscopic examinations; and histamine2 (H2)-receptor antagonist, sucralfate, and antacid prescriptions. Rates were adjusted for demographic characteristics and baseline health care utilization. RESULTS: Among nonusers of NSAIDs, the adjusted mean annual payment for all types of medical care for study gastrointestinal disorders was $134. This increased to $180 among occasional users, an excess of $46 (p < .001); and to $244 among regular users, an excess of $111 (p < .001, comparison with both nonusers and occasional users). Cohort members with any baseline year NSAID use had an adjusted mean annual payment of $191, $57 (p < .001) higher than that for nonusers. In both users and nonusers of NSAIDs, medications and inpatient care accounted for the largest component of costs. Among regular NSAID users, excess payments increased with baseline NSAID dose: $56, $120, and $157 for less than 1, 1 to 2, and more than 2 standard units per day, respectively (p < .01, linear trend). CONCLUSIONS: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use in elderly patients was associated with substantial excess costs and utilization of medical care for gastrointestinal disorders.

Aged↗