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PubMed2005

[Landscape ecological evaluation of Fenglin Nature Reverse: quantification and interpretation].

Fenglin National Class Nature Reserve is the largest well-saved virginal Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) forest area and a precious species gene bank in China. In this study, the indexes diversity, naturalness, representativity, rarity, area suitability, stability, and anthropogenic interference were selected to establish a ranking ecological evaluation system to estimate the ecological condition of the Reserve. The value of each index was determined by the evaluation system, and the weight percentage was decided by Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). In the Reserve, there were 568 higher plant species belonging to 113 families and 220 higher animal species, with score 3 of species diversity. The zonal "climax" vegetation type broad-leaved Korean pine forest and the intrazonal community type spruce-fir forest constituted the principal part of the Reserve forest, which was the epitome of the virgin broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Lesser Xing'an Mountains, with representativity score 3. During the past 20-30 years, the natural habitat in the Reserve was quite good, and secondary succession was obtained effective control with few natural or anthropogenic disturbance, with score 4 of naturalness and anthropogenic interference. There were a lot of ancient species of the tertiary period, such as Pinus koraiensis, Fraxinus mandsurica, Juglans mandshurica, Pellodendron amurense, Tilia amurensis and Acer mono, and Pinus koraiensis was listed as one of severe danger species by the FAO of UN, with rarity score 4. The Reserve covered an area of 18165 hm2, with an enough size to maintain the structure and function of the ecosystem. Accordingly, its area suitability score was 4. Broad-leaved Korean pine forest was the most typical and stable vegetation type in the Reserve, and thus, its stability score was 4. Finally, the composite evaluation index (CEI) was figured out as 0.87, showing that the ecological quality of the Reserve was very good, and the protection value was quite high. In conclusion, the present area, structure, and management of the Reserve could satisfy the requirement of sustainable development.

Biodiversity↗
PubMed2005

c-myc expression: keep the noise down!

The c-myc proto-oncogene encodes a nuclear protein that is deregulated and/or mutated in most human cancers. Acting primarily as an activator and sometimes as a repressor, MYC protein controls the synthesis of up to 10-15% of genes. The key MYC targets contributing to oncogenesis are incompletely enumerated and it is not known whether pathology arises from the expression of physiologic targets at abnormal levels or from the pathologic response of new target genes that are not normally regulated by MYC. Regardless of which, available evidence indicates that the level of MYC expression is an important determinant of MYC biology. The c-myc promoter has architectural and functional features that contribute to uniform expression and help to prevent or mitigate conditions that might otherwise create noisy expression. Those features include the use of an expanded proximal promoter, the averaging of input from dozens of transcription factors, and real-time feedback using the supercoil-deformable Far UpStream Element (FUSE) as physical sensor of ongoing transcriptional activity, and the FUSE binding protein (FBP) as well as the FBP interacting repressor (FIR) as effectors to enforce normal transcription from the c-myc promoter.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Testing for possible effects of cedar wood shavings and diet on occurrence of mammary gland tumors and hepatomas in C3H-A-vy and C3H-Avy-fB mice.

C3H-A-vy and C3H-A-VY-FB mice transferred from our colony to the laboratory of Dr. J. R. Sabine in Australia had a markedly reduced incidence of both hepatomas and mammary tumors. Sabine and co-workers (J Natl Cancer Inst 50: 1237-1242, 1973) attributed the low incidence of tumors in their laboratory compared to the high incidence in this laboratory to the fact that we routinely use red cedar shavings in the bedding, whereas they use sawdust, predominantly Doublas fir. Results of tests in this laboratory showed that the difference in occurrence of tumors could not be attributed directly to either a difference in diet or bedding. There was no evidence that the cedar shavings were carcinogenic. The animals in Australia on bedding without cedar shavings were not as healthy as our animals, in that they did not grow as well and were infested with ectoparasites; apparently these factors caused the reduced occurrence of tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Near infrared spectroscopy of wood sections and rapid density prediction].

In the present report, the use of calibrated near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for rapid prediction of solid wood density is described. NIR spectra were obtained from the three sections (cross, radial and tangential section) of each Chinese fir sample. The authors found that the spectra of the three sections are different and the correlation coefficients between the laboratory-determined density and the NIR-fitted data are different, too. The prediction results showed that the model based on NIR spectra taken from the cross section is the best, and the correlation coefficients are 0.94 (cross), 0.85 (radial) and 0.81 (tangential), respectively. Using the cross model to predict the density of unknown wood samples, we can see: r2 is 0.977 and the standard deviation (STDEV) is only 0.006.

Pinus↗
PubMed2006

[Designing and realization of the dynamic filter in B mode ultrasonic scanning].

This paper introduces the design and realization of the FIR dynamic filter by EP1C6Q240 of Cyclone of Altera Corporation, showing the hardware diagram of the filter and the process of calculating parameters, and compares and analyzes the B mode ultrasound images created by using the dynamic filter and by using the constant filter.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Asthma and systemic toxic reaction due to cabreuva (Myrocarpus fastigiatus Fr. All.) wood dust.

A 48-year-old parquet floor layer suffered from an attack of asthma at work and systemic toxic reaction after exposure to cabreuva wood dust (Myrocarpus fastigiatus Fr. All.). Exposure to the same dust in hospital produced a late asthmatic reaction with fever, vomiting and myalgia. Leucocytosis with neutrophilia was present after a bronchial provocation test but no radiological changes were observed. A control bronchial provocation test with fir wood dust was negative. It was not possible to study the systemic toxic reaction further due to non-collaboration of the patient; nevertheless, these findings show that systemic reactions to wood dust should always be investigated even though their occurrence is fortunately rare.

Asthma↗
PubMed1991

Tracheal obstruction caused by tree needles in a cat.

Tracheal obstruction was suspected in a 1-year-old female domestic shorthair cat. Clinical signs consisted of inspiratory and expiratory dyspnea and cyanosis. The cat did not improve when treated with oxygen, epinephrine, prednisolone sodium succinate, and aminophylline. Bronchoscopy revealed obstruction of the trachea and carina by a 2.5-cm twig and needles from a Douglas fir tree. Needles had migrated into distal airways. The cat was euthanatized at the owner's request.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lignified materials as potential medicinal resources. II. Prevention of pathogenic bacterial infections in mice.

Antibacterial activity was demonstrated when ddY mice were intraperitoneally infected with E. coli or P. aeruginosa two days after a single ip-injection of a hot-water or alkaline extract obtained from lignified materials, such as chips of slash pine, Douglas fir, tallow wood, and two shelf fungi. Lignified material is a promising medicinal resource for the prevention and/or treatment of pathogenic microbial infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Helixor--mistletoe preparation for cancer therapy. Documentation No. 19].

Helixor is an aqueous cold extract from fresh mistletoe, obtained from fir, pine and apple trees. A number of components with different possible effects were isolated: lectins, viscotoxins, alkaloids, etc. "Oncological therapy" and "stimulation of the bone marrow" are given as the main fields of indication. Pregnancy, hyperthyroidism and intolerances are given as contraindications. Depending on the type and the stage of the tumour, treatment based on a specific rhythmic schedule should be carried out for a period ranging from five years to a lifetime. A 7-ampoule pack costs 37 to 44 DM. Local inflammatory reactions occur as side effects. Fever is desirable. Helixor was developed by the Section for Leukemia and Cancer Therapy of the Gemein-schaft Fischermühle e. V. in Rosenfeld, FRG, and has been used since about 1968. It is produced and distributed by Helixor Heilmittel GmbH & Co. The origin of anticancer treatment with Helixor, a mistletoe preparation, is the anthroposophical medicine. In addition, Helixor supposedly bridges the dramatic gap between conventional and natural treatment of cancer in that it exerts both a selective cancerostatic and an immunostimulatory effect. Hardly any research has been done on the pharmacodynamics, the pharmacokinetics and the toxicity of the total extract Helixor. In vitro studies reveal a cytostatic effect on individual cell lines; animal experiments with freshly pressed juice are contradictory. Specific effects of Helixor on the immune system and its actual bearing on the tumour process have so far not been unequivocally elucidated. The three clinical-historical comparative studies contain methodological errors. They do not provide evidence of the clinical efficacy against tumours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗
PubMed1990

A new approach to the analysis of nystagmus: an application for order-statistic filters.

A computer program has been designed for the analysis of nystagmus. This program employs a class of nonlinear digital filters called order-statistic (OS) filters. Two OS filters and one linear filter are used. First, the eye-movement signal is smoothed using a predictive finite-impulse response (FIR), median hybrid filter. Then the smoothed signal is processed by a linear band-limited differentiating filter to calculate eye velocity. And finally, the slow-phase velocity (SPV) envelope is extracted from the eye-velocity signal using an adaptive asymmetrically trimmed-mean filter. This approach yields an evenly sampled SPV estimate without resorting to the various interpolation or extrapolation schemes generally used. The adaptive filter estimates SPV based on the local statistical properties of the eye-velocity signal. The adaptive strategy works under the assumption that, on the average, the eyes spend more time in slow-phase than in fast-phase. No assumptions are made about the direction of the nystagmus or the nature of the stimulus used to elicit the nystagmus. This method eliminates all the usual threshold tests and decision logic common to other nystagmus analysis programs. The robust performance of OS filters and the use of adaptive filter structures totally eliminates the need to custom "tune" the program parameters for atypical data sets.

Aircraft↗
PubMed1975

Survival of Poria weirii on paired plots in alder and conifer stands.

Cubes of Douglas-fir wood decayed by Poria weirii (Murr.) Murr. were buried for 12 months on paired plots in red alder and in confier soils on the Cascade Head Experimental Forest. Survival of the fungus was not significantly different in the two soils, although pH was significantly lower and nitrate content significantly higher in alder soils. Even though effects on fungus survival were nil, red alder, for other reasons, might still be used to reduce damage caused by P. weirii root not on areas of heavy infestation.

Basidiomycota↗
PubMed1978

[Testing the hemalog D in a hematology department of a general hospital in Paris (author's transl)].

Europe's firs Hemalog D was installed in the Hematology Laboratory of the Franco-Musulman Hospital at Bobigny, just outside Paris, in March 1975. The authors' experience with the apparatus since that date has enabled them to analyze the significance of "alarms", "high peroxidase", "large unstained cells", "remainder" and "low rate" in patients with and without hematologic disorders. On the basis of these results it has been possible to define the fate of the various blood cells in the Hemalog D, the role of the apparatus in the ivestigation of hematologic disorders and the type of "cooperation" between the hematologist and the Hemalog D.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

[Small intestine obturation and perforation in a calf caused by a foreign body. Case report].

Obturation and perforation of the jejunum by an ingested fir branch was diagnosed in a 3 months old male German Fleckvieh calf. Following resection of the altered segment of intestine an end-to-end anastomosis was performed. The abdominal cavity was flushed with a 0.4% solution of polyvidon-iodine in normal saline, and an antibiotic preparation was instilled. Systemic antibiotic therapy was maintained for 6 days. Recovery was uneventful, and the animal was discharged 9 days after admission.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of serotonin in the behavioral changes induced in the rat by cyclazocine].

Cyclazocine is a benzomorphan derivative, considered as a mixed kappa and and sigma opioid receptor agonist. In experimental study with rats, cyclazocine is known to increase locomotor activity and to produce a bizarre behavioral syndrome including head swaying, backward walking, circling. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of various drugs modifying the serotoninergic neuronal systems, upon the locomotor activity and the abnormal behaviors induced by cyclazocine. Pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 400 mg/kg, 72, 48, 24 hr) resulted in an inhibition of the three abnormal behaviors. Pretreatment with p-chloromethylamphetamine (PCMA, 15 mg/kg, 24 hr) antagonized head swaying, backward walking and markedly enhanced locomotor activity. In the contrary, pretreatment with PCMA (2.5 mg/kg, 15 min) resulted in enhanced abnormal behavioral responses to cyclazocine. L-tryptophan (50 mg/kg), 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP, 50 mg/kg), or pargyline (50 mg/kg) inhibited abnormal behaviors and decreased locomotor activity. Serotonin antagonists with affinity fir both 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors, metergoline (0.25-1 mg/kg), methysergide (1-5 mg/kg), amitriptyline (5-20 mg/kg), dl-propranolol (10-40 mg/kg) blocked head swaying and backward walking; only methysergide inhibited circling. All these drugs, except methysergide, markedly enhanced the cyclazocine-induced locomotor activity. In contrast, ketanserine (0.5-2 mg/kg) and pirenperone (0.05-0.2 mg/kg), serotonin antagonists with selective affinity for 5-HT2 receptors had no effects on the abnormal behaviors and locomotor activity. Taken together, these results suggest that a serotoninergic mediation is involved in the cyclazocine-induced abnormal behaviors, and that serotonin exerts an inhibitory control on the locomotor activity produced by the drug. These effects are probably associated with 5-HT1 receptors. Further experiments have shown that the drugs having being able to potentiate cyclazocine-induced locomotor activity, similarly potentiate the locomotor activity induced by levallorphan, morphinan derivative with cyclazocine-like properties but do not enhance the hyperactivity produced by a low dose of morphine. The data reported here, provide a contribution to the informations concerning the neuromediation of the effects of mixed kappa and sigma agonists and allow to compare the mechanism of action of cyclazocine with those of other psychotomimetic drugs.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dactylaria gallopava encephalitis in two grey-winged trumpeters (Psophia crepitans).

Encephalitis caused by Dactylaria gallopava is reported in two 17-to-18-day-old grey-winged trumpeters (Psophia crepitans). One of the chicks was housed in a tropical exhibit, and the other was in an adjacent room. Fir bark litter and aerosol infection were the suspected source and route of infection. The occurrence of this disease in a species other than the domestic chicken and turkey suggests the presence of a broader avian population at risk than previously indicated. Adult trumpeters and both young and old passerines housed in the same exhibit were not affected.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Differences in the in vitro effectiveness of preparations produced from mistletoes of various host trees.

The in vitro effectiveness of three Helixor preparations produced from mistletoes of different host trees on suspension cell cultures of the human leukemia cell line Molt 4 has been compared by means of dose-response investigations. After 72 h treatment the preparation produced from mistletoes of the appletree (Malus) shows the strongest effect on the growth and viability of the cell cultures. The preparation produced from mistletoes of the fir (Abies) shows also an evident but much weaker effect, whereas the preparation produced from mistletoes of the pine (Pinus) causes a weak effect only at a very high dosage. As shown in 24-h incorporation experiments with 3H-labelled DNA-, RNA- and protein precursors the preparation produced from mistletoes of the apple-tree reduces the protein synthesis of the cells to a greater extent than the DNA-and RNA-synthesis.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1986

Pharmacokinetics of anthracene-9-carboxylic acid, a potent myotonia-inducer.

The pharmacokinetics of anthracene-9-carboxylic acid (9-AC), a potent myotonia-inducer, was determined in 9 New Zealand White male rabbits after the intravenous injection of 36 microM X kg-1. Myotonic contractions appeared 30 to 80 sec after the beginning of injection. One minute after injection, 25% of the administered dose remains in the blood (9-AC in plasma + 9-AC in cells). Of the 9-AC present in whole blood, 78% is in plasma and can be totally extracted with chloroform whereas the remaining 22% is in the blood cells and can not be extracted. The disappearance of 9-AC from plasma can be explained numerically by assuming an open two-compartment model. By means of a non-linear regression analysis the equation Cp = 20.65e-0.3216t + 28.35e-0.0147t was obtained. This equation gives the best fir for the mean values of all the experiments. The equilibrium between the two compartments is reached in 9.0 min and the Vdss X kg-1 at this time is equal to 273 +/- 18.6 ml X kg-1 which is only marginally larger (10%) than the estimated extracellular volume (246.0 ml X kg-1), suggesting that 9-AC barely penetrates into the cells. The plasma concentration values at t1/2e1 and 3t1/2e1 are 1.07 X 10(-4) M and 2.69 X 10(-5) M, respectively. Similar concentration values were found by other authors as capable of reducing the chloride conductance of skeletal muscle membrane and producing myotonia in vivo and in vitro. Thus, there is a good correspondence between the concentrations active in vitro and the concentrations of plasma in vivo found in this study. Other pharmacokinetic parameters are: t1/2 alpha = 2.8 +/- 0.3 min; t1/2 beta = 45.7 +/- 2.2 min; Area under the curve (AUC) = 1920 +/- 125.0 micrograms X min X ml-1; K12 = 0.085 +/- 0.01 min-1; K21 = 0.162 +/- 0.02 min-1; t1/2e1 = 28.84 +/- 2.2 min., and V1 X kg-1 = 172.1 +/- 9.7 ml. All our findings plus the rapid appearance of myotonic signs and the correspondence with the in vitro studies support the previous assertion that 9-AC acts on the cellular membrane of the skeletal muscles.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Mathematical models for calculating volume growth, represented by the yield tables for the principal wood-producing species of Czechoslovakia].

Methods for the construction of volume increment tables for stands on the basis of the volume mean stem are described. The volume increment of the stand (iv) is expressed by the equation (Formula: see text). The stem number of stands (N) is determined directly by 100% or representative enumeration. The mean annual increment (iv) is calculated with the aid of the regression function (Formula: see text) (v) being volume of mean stem and (t) age of stand. The relations (2) were derived for 5 tree species (spruce, fir, pine, beach, oak) from the data of the new Czechoslovak yields tables (1975). The mathematical model for the tree species spruce and pine was tested on the basis of empirical material collected by the Tharandt department of forest management an forest yield science (within the framework of joint research activities) and good results were obtained. The results should be regarded as provisional ones. Further tests are envisaged.

Czechoslovakia↗