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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Clonazepam in the treatment of epilepsy. A clinical long-term follow-up study.

Sixty-eight patients with various types of epileptic seizures have been treated with clonazepam (Rivotril). Fifty-four patients could be evaluated. In 44 patients, clonazepam was used as a supplement to insufficient previous medication. Ten patients received clonazepam alone. The mean duration of treatment was 2 years and 7 months. Thirty-three patients are still on clonazepam, with a mean duration of treatment of 3 years and 4 months. In 34 patients (63%) a reduction of more than 50% was seen in the seizure frequency of the only type suffered by a patient, or of one of several types. No significant decrease in antiepileptic potency with time was observed. Medication was withdrawn in a total of 21 of the 54 patients because of freedom from seizures (2 patients), lack of effect (7 patients), increased frequency of seizures (3 patients), or lack of cooperation and/or side-effects (3 patients). In 5 patients, the drug may have provoked new types of epileptic seizure. This long-term follow-up study seems to substantiate the favorable antiepileptic properties of clonazepam.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Computerized transverse axial tomography in epilepsy.

Computerized transverse axial tomography (CTAT) of the brain has been used routinely, as well as the EEG, to study patients with epilepsy. In patients with the various electro-clinical types of epilepsy -- primary, secondary, and partial -- it gave accurate information about the frequency, topography, and severity of morphological abnormalities. In the various types of organic lesion -- tumor, posttraumatic, postischemic, postinfectious, etc. -- it markedly increased the ability to establish etiology. Especially notable was the finding of (1) tumor in 16% of patients over 20 years of age, and (2) the determination of a type of pathology that has received little attention -- postischemic occipital porencephaly probably due to occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery, either at birth or in early infancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Ethosuximide pharmacokinetics in a pregnant patient and her newborn.

Ethosuximide concentration in serum was monitored during the last trimester of pregnancy in a patient. After delivery, the decline in serum concentration of ethosuximide was observed in the nonnursing neonate. The half-life of elimination of transplacentally acquired ethosuximide in this neonate was 41.3 hr. The ratio of breast milk to maternal serum concentration of ethosuximide was approximately 1. A total daily exposure to ethosuximide of 12.8 to 38.4 mg (3.6 to 11.0 mg/kg) as a result of nursing was predicted.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Longitudinal study of epileptiform EEG patterns in normal children.

EEG were recorded in 3,726 children, from 6 to 13 years of age who were neurologically normal and had no history of epileptic seizures. The records were taken during wakefulness, at rest, and during hyperventilation. In 131 cases (3.54%) epileptiform patterns were found. They consisted of 3 count/sec spike and slow waves discharges (4 cases), multiple spike and slow wave complexes (37 cases), midtemporal spikes (50 cases), rolandic or parietal spikes (27 cases), occipital spikes (2 cases), and multifocal spikes (11 cases). Half of the subjects with EEG abnormalities had behavior problems and/or slight psychomotor ability disturbances. Follow-up studies over an 8 to 9 year period were performed. These demonstrated the spontaneous disappearance of the EEG abnormalities, usually within school age or, at the latest, during adolesence. Only seven individuals developed epileptic seizures of the primary generalized type which responded well to anticonvulsant drug treatment. From this study we can deduce that the epileptiform EEG patterns that often are found in children during school age have no clinical relationship to epilepsy in the great majority of cases. The relationship with epilepsy exists probably on a genetic level for the generalized discharges. The spike foci are non-epileptic in nature in all probability, especially if they emerge from a fairly normal background activity and their duration is very similar to that of the constituents of the background activity, as found in the majority of these subjects. On the contrary, it is probable that these alterations express difficulties in affective or motor adaptation during childhood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Epidemiology of different types of epilepsy in school age children of Modena, Italy.

An epidemiologic study of epilepsy in school age children has been carried out in Modena, Italy, during the period 1968 to 1973. The prevalence of epileptics aged 5 to 14 years varied between 3.98% and 4.91%. The accession rate varied between 60 and 98 cases /100,000. The primary generalized epilepsies represent 30.8%, the epilepsies with rolandic spike foci 23.9%, the other types of partial epilepsy 42.1%, and the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome 3.2%. Of the 178 epileptics diagnosed during school age, 159 have been followed for at least 4 years, with recovery in 55% of the cases and tendency to improve in 24%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Epilepsy and neuron loss in the hippocampus.

Quantitation of hippocampal neurons was performed in 20 patients with generalized epilepsy. Twelve suffered from partial seizures. The neuronal numbers were compared with the control series of patients without epilepsy. It was established that there were fewer neurons in the hippocampi from patients with epilepsy than from those of controls. The neuron loss was particularly marked in the endfolium (field H3), the granule cells (fascia dentata), and particularly in the caudal (anterior) part of the structure. Frequent, generalized epileptic seizures and long duration of the epileptic disorder influenced the neuron loss. In some parts of the pyramidal band (field H1), the neuron loss appeared at a younger age, which leads one to suspect its particular involvement in the seizure mechanism. The neuron loss was not related to the different types of seizures investigated. The results support the hypothesis of neuron loss as an ongoing process in patients with epilepsy, whatever the type of epilepsy, when tonic-clonic seizures, as is very common, are present.

Adult↗