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A case of pituitary adenoma: Thomas Willis revisited.

Thomas Willis (1621-1675) was the founder of modern clinical neuroscience. His habit of taking detailed histories with acute clinical observation often accompanied by post mortem studies has left a body of work which still provokes thought and debate. While we were considering a case of pituitary tumour described by Willis, a similar case presented coincidentally at our hospital. The two cases are compared and contrasted.

Adenoma↗

Memorable mnemonics.

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Abbreviations as Topic↗

Menière's disease: evolution of a definition.

In 1861 Prosper Menière separated patients with episodic vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitus from a group previously described as having apoplectiform cerebral congestion. He suggested the cause was disease within the semicircular canals (Menière, 1861). Over the years it became apparent that within this group there were a number of patients with characteristic signs and symptoms and in 1938 a pathological correlate was found in the form of endolymphatic hydrops. Descriptions such as Menière's 'disease', Menière's 'syndrome' and Menière's 'symptom complex' led to a confusing array of terms for this condition and monitoring of treatment results became difficult. In response to this in 1972 the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium published a clear definition of Menière's disease and criteria for the reporting of treatment results, it was updated in 1985 and again in 1995. We describe the changes that have taken place as the definition of Menière's disease has evolved.

Eponyms↗

Francis Fontan.

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Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗

1998: the centenary of the discovery of the Golgi apparatus.

1998 is the year of the centenary of the discovery of the Golgi apparatus. This event is considered in its historical context: the first cell theory of 1838-1839, the first polemics in cytology and the research on the cell organelles at the turn of the century. The first approaches to clarify the physiological significance of the apparatus is traced from Golgi (1909) to Bowen (1929).

Biology↗