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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Fascial pathways of extravasation of blood in lower abdomen following angiography-anatomic and clinical correlation.

The extravasation of urine following traumatic rupture of the urethra or periurethral abscess is well known to clinicians. The extravasation of blood following angiography, in the same anatomical space, is rare. Extravasation of fluids in the lower abdomen, groin and external genitalia follows distinct anatomical pathways. This case illustrates the anatomical pathways and emphasizes their clinical importance.

Angiography↗
PubMed1985

Psychogenic purpura in adolescent patients.

The occurrence of psychogenic purpura has been documented in adults. The authors present their experience with nine adolescent and young adult patients observed since 1981. The age of eight of these patients ranged from 13 to 18 years. One patient with cystic fibrosis was 23-years-old. All patients presented with painful inflammatory lesions followed by bruising. There was no evidence of an infectious process or a hematologic, immunologic, or renal abnormality. Integral to the diagnosis was the existence of an underlying emotional disorder. In all patients, bruising decreased after diagnosis was explained to the patient and family. Four patients required psychotherapy. Results of 2-year follow-up suggest that early intervention may produce a favorable outcome in this age group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Pathophysiology of neonatal subconjunctival hemorrhage.

Of 111 newborns examined, 33 had subconjunctival hemorrhage (SCHN). Three of 19 patients delivered by cesarean section and 30 of 92 newborns delivered by the vaginal route had SCHN. Perinatal factors including duration of membrane rupture, length of second stage of labor, maternal weight and weight/length ratio, maternal ingestion of anti-inflammatory drugs, gravidity, birth weight, and Apgar score did not differ significantly in the groups with and without SCHN. It is proposed that in the majority of cases SCHN is a consequence of elevated venous pressure in the head and neck produced by compression of the fetal thorax and/or abdomen by uterine contractions. Tight umbilical cord around the neck probably represents an additional mechanism for SCHN.

Aspirin↗
PubMed2000

Mononuclear cells in subcutaneous haemorrhage with special consideration of myeloid percursor cells.

Various hematogenous markers were used to differentiate and quantify the types of mononuclear cells present in subcutaneous haemorrhages. Fifty samples of subcutaneous bleeding with a survival time of a few minutes to more than 48 hours were studied. The various cell types were detected using the following stains: Naphthol AS-D chloracetate esterase for myeloid cells, including mast cells; (alpha1-antichymotrypsin for monocytes/macrophages; UCHL1 for T-lymphocytes; and L26 for B lymphocytes. The percentage of monocytes/macrophages was found to increase in dependence on survival time, whereas T-lymphocytes declined. Within minutes of injury neutrophilic granulocytes had emigrated into the surrounding tissue and mast cell degranulation had occurred within the haemorrhagic zone. Esterase-positive mononuclear cells, namely metamyelocytes, were detected within minutes after injury and were still present after survival times exceeding 48 hours; however, no dependence on survival time or cause of death was found. Although the increasing number of monocytes/ macrophages and T-lymphocytes was expected, the sometimes high percentage of myeloid precursor cells within the wound were surprising. Possible explanations for this phenomenon are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Acute fulminant sarcocystosis in a captive-born rhesus macaque.

A captive-born juvenile female rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) was acquired from a commercial breeder and placed in quarantine. Within 8 days of arrival, the animal became anorexic, inactive, and dehydrated. Subsequently, generalized edema and facial ecchymoses developed, and despite supportive therapy, the animal became moribund and was euthanatized. Macroscopic examination showed diffuse stippling and streaking of the myocardium. Histopathologic examination revealed multifocal to coalescing myocardial edema, necrosis, lymphohistiocytic inflammation, and generalized endothelial infection with Sarcocystis sp. Immature and mature schizonts within endothelial cells were most prevalent in the heart. Fewer schizonts were present in the vasculature of other tissues, including skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, adipose tissue, brain, and retina. Mature tissue cysts within muscle fibers were not found in the myocardium but were occasionally seen in skeletal muscle. Analysis of polymerase-chain-reaction-amplified 18s ribosomal RNA gene sequences revealed 96% identity to published sequences of S. hirsuta, S. hominis, and S. fusiformis and 95% identity to S. cruzi and S. tenella. However, sequences did not show complete identity with any organism in the GenBank database. Sequence homology suggests that this is a newly described Sarcocystis sp. Results of antibody tests for simian retrovirus, simian T-lymphotropic virus 1, and simian immunodeficiency virus were negative, suggesting that viral immunosuppression was unlikely to have augmented the pathogenicity of sarcosporidial infection. Clinical and histopathologic findings in this case of fulminant sarcosporidiosis are similar to those described in Dalmeny disease in cattle, which is associated with ingestion of massive numbers of infective Sarcocystis oocysts.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

Association between the "seat belt sign" and intra-abdominal injury in children with blunt torso trauma.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between an abdominal "seat belt sign" (SBS) and intra-abdominal injury (IAI) in children presenting to the emergency department (ED) after blunt trauma. METHODS: The authors performed a prospective, observational study of children at risk for IAI who presented to a Level 1 trauma center following a motor vehicle collision (MVC) during a two-year period. Physical examination findings were recorded prior to abdominal imaging or surgery. The SBS was defined as an area of erythema, ecchymoses, and/or abrasions across the patient's abdominal wall resulting from a seat belt restraint. Patients were divided into two cohorts based on the presence or absence of an SBS, then further subdivided based on abdominal tenderness or pain. The authors compared patients with and without SBS, and those with and without abdominal pain or tenderness for the presence of IAI. RESULTS: Three hundred ninety children, of whom 46 (12%, 95% CI = 9% to 15%) had an SBS, were enrolled. IAIs were more common in patients with, versus without, an SBS (14/46 vs. 36/344, relative risk 2.9; 95% CI = 1.7 to 5.0; p < 0.001). Patients with an SBS were more likely to have gastrointestinal injuries than those without an SBS (12/46 vs. 7/344, relative risk 12.8; 95% CI = 5.3 to 31; p = 0.001). Pancreatic injuries were also more common among patients with an SBS (3/46 vs. 1/344, relative risk 22; 95% CI = 2.4 to 211; p = 0.006). There was no difference in the prevalence of solid organ injuries between those with and without an SBS (4/46 vs. 34/344, relative risk 0.9, 95% CI = 0.3 to 2.4; p = 1.00). None of the six patients (0%, 95% CI = 0 to 39%) with an SBS, but without abdominal pain or tenderness, had IAIs. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with an SBS after an MVC are more likely to have IAIs than patients without an SBS, predominately due to a higher rate of gastrointestinal injuries. Patients with an SBS but without abdominal pain or tenderness appear to be at low risk for IAI.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1994

Complications of endoscopic sinus surgery: analysis of 2108 patients--incidence and prevention.

The incidence of complications of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in a combined experience with 2108 total patients is compared to complications in 11 other series of patients (2583 total) who underwent ESS and 6 series of patients (2110 total) who underwent traditional endonasal sinus surgery. The incidence of major perioperative complications was 0.85%, with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak being the most common. The most common minor complications of ESS were those related to orbital penetration and middle turbinate adhesions; minor complications occurred in 6.9% of the 2108 patients. There were no statistically significant differences in the overall incidences of major complications between this series and the other two groups. Recommendations are made for the prevention of complications during ESS.

Bronchial Spasm↗
PubMed1975

Airway obstruction due to spontaneous retropharyngeal hemorrhage.

A patient is described with polycythemia vera who was taking anticoagulants and developed a spontaneous retropharyngeal hemorrhage after a violent sneezing episode. This progressed to tracheal compression with stridor after he had taken some aspirin for relief of the neck pain. An emergency tracheostomy was life saving.

Airway Obstruction↗