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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

The fine structure of the digestive system of Daphnia pulex (Crustacea: Cladocera).

The alimentary canal of Daphnia pulex consists of a tube-shaped foregut, a midgut (mesenteron) with an anterior pair of small diverticula, and a short hindgut. The foregut and hindgut are structurally similar. Each is formed by a low cuboidal epithelium 5 mum tall and lined with a chitinous intima. The midgut wall consists of a simple epithelium resting on a thick beaded basal lamina which is surrounded by a spiraling muscularis. Anteriorly the midgut cells are columnar in shape being 30 mum in height each having a basal nucleus, anteriorly concentrated mitochondria and in apical border of long thin microvilli. Posteriorly the midgut cells become progressively shorter so that in the posteriormost region of the midgut the cells are 5 mum tall and cuboidal in shape. The microvilli concomitantly become shorter and thicker. All mesenteron cells contain the usual cytoplasmic organelles. The paired digestive diverticula are simple evaginations of the midgut. The wall of each consists of a simple epithelium of cuboidal cells 25 mum in height, each with a brushed border of long thin microvilli. Enzyme secretion appears to be holocrine in mode and not confined to any one region of the mesenteron though definitely polarized anteriorly. The thin gut muscularis encircles the entire length of the midgut and caeca. Thick and thin filaments appear to be in a 6:1 ratio.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Effect of Hydrochloric acid on invasion of Ascaris suum; enzyme activity in the digestive system and serum of newborn piglets].

The studies were carried out on twenty newborn piglets. They were divided into four groups. The groups no 3 and no 4 were given intragastric 0.18% HCl from the 3th day of experiment. The groups no 2 and no 4 were infected on the 7th day with 10,000 invasive eggs of Ascaris suum. The presence of A. suum larvae in the lungs and liver was examined after one week lasting invasion by Baermann method. The total acidity in the gastric content was measured. The activity of alpha-amylase, lipase and proteases was determined in the extracts from pancreas and in the contents of stomach, duodenum and jejunum. The level of pepsinogens and alpha-amylase in the animals serum was studied. The intensity of Ascaris invasion was slightly higher in the group which was given HCl than in the infected group without HCl. The activity of digestive enzymes in the both groups was similar. Only in the stomach content from the 4th group the activity of pepsin was higher (p < 0.05), and alpha-amylase and lipase were lower (p < 0.01) than in the 2nd and in the 3th group. The level of pepsinogens was always lower and alpha-amylase higher in the serum of infected animals than in uninfected groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Comparative genomic hybridization analysis of sporadic neuroendocrine tumors of the digestive system.

Little information is available on the molecular mechanisms underlying neuroendocrine tumorigenesis. To obtain an overview of the genomic imbalances characterizing these tumors, we studied 20 benign or malignant sporadic endocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumors by comparative genomic hybridization. Chromosomal imbalances were found in all tumors. Gains of chromosomal material were more frequent than losses. The most frequent gains were of chromosomes and chromosome arms 5 (55%), 14 (55%), 17q (55%), and 7 (50%). Losses were most frequent from 11q (30%) and 16p (30%). Gains of chromosome 5 did not occur in nonmetastatic tumors, whereas losses of 9p were observed exclusively in intestinal tumors. In addition, we found two high-level amplifications, of 17q11-21 and 19q13. A complementary FISH analysis revealed that the gain in 17q11-21 included amplification of the protooncogene HER2/neu. As in multiple endocrine neoplasia type-1-associated tumors, deletions of chromosome band 11q13 appear to be involved in the development of sporadic digestive tract neuroendocrine tumors, but our results suggest that other chromosomal regions are also involved.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

["Siphon" structure of the digestive system and a method for "siphon" one-stage terminal lateral small-to-large intestine anastomosis with invagination].

The authors have suggested a hypothesis according to which the alimentary canal consists of the separate autonomous S-shaped functional structures possessing the antireflux and sphincter-like properties. The principle mentioned was used in 9 patients who had a "siphon" one-story invagination small-to-large intestinal anastomosis been created.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Current developments in the field of endoscopy in the treatment of digestive system disorders].

A review is given of new developments of endoscopic treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopic treatment is possible in patients with peptic stricture or inoperable tumors of the oesophagus, achalasia of the oesophagus, oesophageal varices, polyps and angiodysplasia of the large bowel, stomach and duodenum, choledocholithiasis and unresectable stenosing tumors of the bile ducts. In comparison with surgical therapy endoscopic treatment is relatively simple and has a much lower morbidity and mortality, especially in patients with an increased surgical risk.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Surgery associated with intraoperative hyperthermia-chemotherapy in the treatment of malignant tumors of the digestive system with peritoneal carcinosis].

In the last two years the authors have treated 4 patients affected with malignant tumors of large bowel with very poor prognosis. In every cases they found large spreading to peritoneal cavity. These patients underwent to intraperitoneal hyperthermia-chemotherapy using a special device conceived by authors. This treatment produced promising results as related to life quality in these cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Neoplastic metastases in the bone marrow from cancers of the digestive system (stomach, pancreas, liver and gallbladder].

The authors analyse the incidence of metastases into the bone marrow in carcinomas of the stomach, pancreas, liver and gallbladder. Specimens from the bone marrow taken were by trephine biopsy from the sternum, ala ossis ilii and spine. Metastases into the bone marrow were found in carcinomas of the stomach, pancreas and gallbladder but not in hepatic carcinoma. Neoplastic metastases were most frequent in adenocarcinoma of the stomach.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

[Effects of juvenile hormone and precocene II on the metabolic rate of the digestive system, fat body and ovaries of the insect Oncopeltus fasciatus].

The metabolic rate of midgut, fat body and ovaries from Oncopeltus fasciatus adult female has been studied, comparing the results with that from juvenile hormone or precocene II treated insects. Neither juvenile hormone nor precocene II had any effect on midgut and fat body. Precocene II treatment increased the oxygen consumption rate of ovaries, which in turn remained undeveloped. Juvenile hormone had no detectable effects on the metabolic rate of ovaries, other than accelerate their development.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Liner interventional endoscopic ultrasound in diseases of the digestive system].

The evident advantages of the endoscopic ultrasound, upon the complementary imaging methods, as are transabdominal ultrasound, the spiral CT, the nuclear magnet resonance, potentioned by the development of the techniques for the taking of biopsies, and the possibilities of the microinvasive surgical approach to the environment organs and tissues. Besides the standard achievement of the material for the cytologic and pathohistologic analysis is opened the possibility of the therapeutic application of the medicaments, that is the drainage collection in the abdomen and by "stapler" technique of the establishing of the anastomoza.

Digestive System Diseases↗
PubMed1992

[Temporary work incapacity in the workers of the heat-treatment shops of the metallurgical industry due to diseases of the digestive system].

Transitory disablement in 5886 workers engaged for the whole year into heat treating metallurgy was compared during 5 years (1981-1985) with that in 291 workers engaged into repairing mechanical occupations so as to reveal metallurgical occupational factors influencing on gastrointestinal morbidity. Metallurgical occupational hazards harm the health status in workers engaged into heat-treating metallurgy, induce the gastrointestinal disorders, which are demonstrated by the elevated transitory disablement. The workers engaged into heat treating metallurgy showed higher gastrointestinal morbidity rate than those engaged into repairing mechanical work.

Absenteeism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of new domestic foodstuffs in the treatment of digestive system diseases with food intolerance].

A clinical trial has been performed of the food Unipit-3 and Laktanal based on cow milk proteins subjected to enzymic hydrolysis, dia- and ultrafiltration. A preliminary immunochemical assay of the above products protein component and its testing in anaphylactic shock reaction in animals demonstrated low sensitizing activity of this protein. The results of the trial of the above hypoallergenic foods in patients with food allergy showed their good tolerance and therapeutic efficacy.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1992

[Functional sensory and motor asymmetry profile in patients with neuroses and those with diseases of the digestive system].

Functional sensorimotor asymmetry (FSMA) was analyzed in 21 healthy volunteers, 19 neurotic patients and 29 patients suffering from alimentary diseases. Among the neurotic patients, there prevailed those with the left profile of FSMA as compared to the group of healthy persons. As to the group of the patients with alimentary diseases, a subgroup of persons with no disturbances of emotional information perception by the neurotic type was distinguished according to the psychophysiological characteristics. Among those persons in the given representative sample, none showed the left and symmetric profiles of FSMA.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Labelled 35S-thiamine distribution and secretion in the digestive system of rats of different ages].

The labelled thiamin, administered intravenously, was accumulated mainly in liver tissue and small intestinal wall of 24 months old rats as compared with 3 months old rats. Secretion of metabolites of the labelled thiamin was distinctly decreased in the stomach of old animals. A decrease in secretion and reabsorption of metabolites of the administered thiamin in stomach might be a response to inhibition of the liver-intestinal circulation of thiamin as well as to its transport-metabolic turnover in tissues of the gastro-intestinal tract.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Diffusion of helminth parasites of the digestive system and respiratory system in deer (Cervus elaphus) of the La Mandria Regional Park (Piedmont)].

A study was carried out on the diffusion of helminth parasites of liver, gastrointestinal system and bronchial system in 68 red deer (Cervus elaphus) from Regional Park "La Mandria" (Piedmont, Italy). The following species of nematodes were identified: Trichostrongylus axei, Spiculopteragia spiculoptera, Rinadia mathevossiani, Cooperia oncophora, Cooperia pectinata, Cooperia punctata, Cooperia zurnabada, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Dictyocaulus eckerti, Varestrongylus sagittatus. Studies on some nematodes, belonging to the genera Spiculopteragia and Ostertagia, are still in progress. A large diffusion of Fascioloides magna was also present (only two young specimens resulted negative).

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Acute and chronic effects of diazinon on the activities of three dehydrogenases in the digestive system of a freshwater teleost fish Channa punctatus.

The effect of acute exposure to LC50 for 96 h (3.1 mg/l) and chronic exposure to a sublethal concentration (0.31 mg/l) of diazinon has been studied in the liver, stomach, intestine and pyloric ceca of a freshwater teleost fish, Channa punctatus. In acute exposure succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity was elevated in intestine and pyloric ceca. No alteration was noted in lactate dehydrogenase activity but pyruvate dehydrogenase was inhibited in pyloric ceca. Chronic exposure resulted in inhibition of the activities of the three dehydrogenases in all the four parts at both intervals.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Alteration in the activities of three peptidases and lipase in the digestive system of the fish Channa punctatus exposed to lead nitrate.

The effect of exposure of Channa punctatus to LC(50) (6.8 mg/L) and sublethal concentration (2.8 mg/L) of lead nitrate on the activities of amino tripeptidase, glycylglycine, leucyl-l-glycine dipeptidases and lipase has been investigated. An inhibition in the activities of all the enzymes is noted after 96 hr, 15 and 30 days of treatment period. The inhibition in lipase activity is statistically insignificant in both the acute and chronic treatment cases. The experiments indicate that lead induced toxicity is more severe in chronic treatment as compared to acute treatment.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1986

[Rhythms of the digestive system and the body's biological clocks].

A hierarchic system of short-period rhythms are supposed to exist in the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT). A periodical activity (PA) of the GIT was considered from the standpoint of its role in the control of intraintestinal transit. A hypothesis is proposed concerning the structure and mechanism of the PA rhythm clock. The daily interaction of own rhythms of the enterometa-sympathetic system with the food intake triggers the intramuscular oscillator, two physiologically significant signals of which (filling up of the stomach and transit to the colon) are under the control of higher nervous centers. On the basis of the intramuscular oscillator, a central also double one, is formed, and a mutual neuro-humoral interaction is established between them. Significance of this mechanism is emphasized not only for the GIT activity but as a "timer" for ultraradian rhythms as well.

Activity Cycles↗
PubMed1977

Histochemical study of the distribution of a few enzymes in the digestive system of Indian parrot.

Acid-and alkaline phosphatase, 5-nucleotidase and lipase have been localized histochemically in the gizzard, intestine liver and pancreas of Indian parrot, Psittacula krameri. In the gizzard and intestine, the mucosal epithelial cells are the main sites for the enzyme production. The tubular glands of the gizzard show intense reaction for all the enzymes tested. The hepatic sinusoid cells of the liver and the acinii of pancreas give positive reaction. Like pancreas, the intestine has also been found responsible for the production and secretion of lipase. Functional significance of phosphatases in the tissues tested has been discussed.

Acid Phosphatase↗