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PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing management of pressure ulcers using a hydrogel dressing protocol: four case studies.

People with spinal cord injury (SCI) are at risk for developing pressure ulcers throughout their lives. Pressure ulcers can lead to significant morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and diminished quality of life. Rehabilitation nurses play a vital role in preventing and treating pressure ulcers in these clients. In this article, the authors describe four case studies of clients with SCI who have pressure ulcers and discuss the implementation and outcome of a nursing management protocol based on the use of hydrogel dressings. These dressings have been found to promote wound healing, protect against contamination and infection, and reduce pain. They also are usually acceptable to the client and are cost-effective. Hydrogel dressings should be considered as one component of an individualized plan of care for the development of pressure ulcers.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Chitosan-alginate PEC membrane as a wound dressing: Assessment of incisional wound healing.

Flexible, thin, transparent, novel chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) membranes, cast from aqueous suspensions of chitosan-alginate coacervates with CaCl(2), were evaluated as potential wound-dressing materials. MTT and NR assays suggested that the chitosan-alginate PEC membranes and their aqueous extracts were nontoxic towards mouse and human fibroblast cells. Cell growth was also not hindered by co-incubation with the membranes. Compared to conventional gauze dressing, the PEC membranes caused an accelerated healing of incision wounds in a rat model. Wounds closed at 14 days postoperatively, and histological observations showed mature epidermal architecture with keratinized surface of normal thickness and a subsided inflammation in the dermis. This was followed by an excellent remodeling phase with organized thicker collagen bundles and mature fibroblasts at 21 days postoperative. Control wounds continued to show signs of an active inflammatory phase under scab on Day 21. Closure rate and appearance of PEC membrane-treated wounds were comparable with Opsite(R)-treated wounds. On the basis of its biocompatibility and wound-healing efficacy, the chitosan-alginate PEC membrane can be considered for wound-dressing applications.

Alginates↗
PubMed1982

Considerations on manufacturing principles of a synthetic burn dressing: a review.

This review presents various considerations on the construction of a synthetic burn dressing, based mainly on collagen protein. Membranous wound covers are compared with sponge-felt types, monocomponental with composite. The importance of collagen crosslinking agent and the nonextractibility of any component from the dressing material are discussed. According to the type of the burn the dressing should be used dry or wet, plain or medicated, and changed often to reduce substantially the presence of necrotic tissue, inflammatory cell of the granulation tissue, and bacterial contamination.

Bandages↗
PubMed2004

Improved collagen bilayer dressing for the controlled release of drugs.

A novel bilayer dressing has been developed from bovine succinylated collagen. The dressing contains an antibiotic, Ciprofloxacin, for both immediate and time-regulated release for controlling the infection, as the infected open wounds need special care. The dressing consists of a sponge and a film, both prepared from succinylated bovine collagen. The sponge has a smooth surface on one side; its rough surface on the other side forms the bilayer system with the film. Both sponge and film act as an anionic reservoir to hold the cationic Ciprofloxacin. The drug, after dispersing in poly (N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidione) (PVP) solution is allowed to spread in the bilayer system by diffusion. The drug stays in the bilayer system because of ionic binding, but starts releasing when comes in contact with the wound. Release of the drug is immediate, but it is regulated by ionic binding between the drug and succinylated collagen. The wound exudates, and there is a polarity-controlled release of the drug from the bilayer system. The PVP and bilayer system permits only time-regulated release, and the system lasts up to 5 days with therapeutically sufficient drug availability.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transparent dressing for rhytidectomy.

Several dressings have been proposed for rhytidectomy. At present, the type most frequently used consists of flat cotton strips soaked in mineral oil placed on the incisions and along the mandibular line. Gauze sponges are then placed on the cheeks and an elastic net is wrapped around the head and left open anteriorly to expose the face and eyes. Despite its widespread use, this technique presents problems. It is uncomfortable for the patient, it is tight and confining, it obstructs hearing, complicates hygiene, attracts unnecessary attention, and, most importantly, does not permit visualization of the surgical site or of the complications that might arise, such as hematomas. Thus, we propose a more efficient dressing made of sterilized, transparent PVC film of the type used to protect food in the refrigerator (Saran Wrap-like). This dressing has proved to be more comfortable for the patient, is not tight or confining, does not cause changes in hearing, facilitates local hygiene, does not attract unnecessary attention on the part of the patient himself or of third parties and, most importantly, it is transparent and adheres to all points of the skin flap, permitting early visualization of complications, such as hematomas.

Bandages↗
PubMed2004

Effects of new wound dressings on healing of thermal burns of the skin in acute radiation disease.

Effects of new wound dressing bacterial cellulose impregnated with SOD and poviargol (Procel-Super and Procel-PA) and Inerpan hydrogel dressing on the reparative processes in deep dermal burns (IIIa-IIIb degree) in rats exposed to total even irradiation in a dose of 4 Gy were studied. Inerpan and Procel-Super dressings proved to be the most effective under these conditions: they accelerated healing of burn wounds by 17.0 and 5.5%, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

How should psychiatrists dress?--a survey.

Personal attire is an important part of being a professional. This survey is an attempt to determine the patient's and psychiatrists view point about how a psychiatrist should dress to work. A human subjects research board approved survey of seven questions was offered to patients and a similar survey of nine questions was offered to psychiatrists. The replies obtained were combined and tabulated. One hundred patients and 77 psychiatrists responded to the survey. Both the patients and psychiatrists considered dress to be an important part of the doctor-patient relationship. The psychiatrists appear to be more concerned and critical about their dress as compared to patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Influence of different light intensities during the daytime on evening dressing behavior in the cold.

The primary purpose of this study was to determine the effect of bright light exposure during the daytime on dressing behavior in the cold. Seven female volunteers were exposed to bright light of 4,000 lx ("Bright") or dim light of 10 lx ("Dim") from 10 h to 18 h, complete darkness during the sleep period (22:30 h-06:00 h), and 10 lx for the rest of the time. The subjects were instructed to dress to remain comfortable when the ambient temperature was decreased from 30 degrees to 15 degrees C (20:30 h-22:30 h). Most subjects dressed more quickly and with thicker clothing in the Dim condition and felt cooler during the last 30 min of the temperature fall. The rectal temperature showed clear circadian rhythm both under Bright and Dim conditions, but it was significantly lower during sleep in the Bright condition. It is suggested that the set-point of core temperature is reduced at night during the Bright condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The preclinical evaluation of the water vapour transmission rate through burn wound dressings.

The control of evaporative water loss, following burn injury, is of major importance to the overall condition of the patient, whether this control is by natural eschar or by a dressing. It is therefore important to preclinically determine the water vapour transmission rate of these dressings, firstly to make comparisons between different materials and secondly to screen prototype materials, under controlled conditions. A preclinical (in vitro) technique is described and the results are given for several commercially available dressings which encompass foam, film and hydrogel material categories.

Bandages↗
PubMed1987

An in vitro assessment of wound dressing conformability.

An in vitro assessment technique has been developed to determine the conformability of wound dressings. The technique employed is based on an inflation technique which provides a measurement of the minimum radius of curvature which a specific dressing will adopt under pressure. A pressure of 40 mmHg was chosen as this had been shown to be the maximum tolerable pressure before the occurrence of tissue breakdown. This radius is then matched to the natural radii of the body surfaces and an assessment of conformability can be made. A series of commercially available dressings have been assessed with respect to their conformability, and to the enhancement of their conformability due to viscoelastic creep behaviour.

Bandages↗
PubMed1995

In vitro assessment of water vapour transmission of synthetic wound dressings.

The water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) of 14 commercially available wound dressings (11 hydrocolloids, 2 hydrogels and 1 polyurethane film) was evaluated over 24 and 48 h periods using a modified ASTM standard method (ASTM E96-90). For the 48 h studies a novel microcomputer-controlled apparatus was employed. The dressings exhibited a wide range of WVTRs (76-9360 g m-2 d-1 at 24 h under forced air convection of 0.4 m s-1). The influence of air velocity of 0.4 m s-1 was not significant if the WVTR of the dressing was less than 880 g m-2 d-1 when measured under static air conditions. The influence of outer barrier layers and additional bandages on WVTR was also examined.

Bandages↗
PubMed1992

The contamination of pork with spoilage bacteria during commercial dressing, chilling and cutting of pig carcasses.

Swab samples from the surfaces of carcasses and cuts were obtained at various stages of the dressing, chilling and cutting operations in three pig processing plants. The aerobic microflora obtained from those swabs were enumerated and characterized. The flora on the skins of carcasses exiting the scalding tanks were dominated by Gram-positive organisms, with numbers about 10(3)/cm2. After dehairing, numbers were about 10(4)/cm2 with major fractions of Gram-negative organisms. Flora numbers and compositions were largely unaltered after the singeing operations, but lesser numbers were recovered after the carcasses were polished. Carcass dressing did not change the numbers on the skin. During the chilling of carcasses, the flora at two large plants altered little, but drying of the carcass surfaces at a smaller plant reduced the Gram-negative fraction of the flora. Numbers on serous and fat surfaces exposed during the dressing and cutting of carcasses were initially about 10(2)/cm2. That number was approximately maintained on finished skinned cuts produced at the smaller plant, but further contamination with lactobacilli and Brochothrix thermosphacta occurred during cutting. At the larger plants, the flora on skinned cuts were similar to those on skins, although further contamination with B. thermosphacta occurred at one plant.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1987

Bacterial growth under a transparent dressing.

The frequency of dressing changes for transparent dressings used on central lines is a critical issue in maintenance protocols aimed at prevention of catheter-related sepsis. Organisms migrating from the skin down the catheter have been implicated in causing catheter-related sepsis. Bacterial growth patterns under the transparent dressing are important in establishing protocols of care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Dressings of the nailbed following nail avulsion.

Dressings of the raw nailbed tend to adhere and to be difficult and painful to remove. We have compared three types of dressing: polyurethane sponge, paraffin-gauze and replacement of the finger-nail. Assessment of adherence and pain showed that replacement of the nail had significant advantages over the other dressings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of a new antiseptic dressing in minor burns.

A prospective trial was conducted to compare a new povidone iodine impregnated dressing (Inadine) with a standard petroleum jelly gauze dressing for small superficial burns treated on an outpatient basis. The results show no difference between comfort and ease of removal of dressings, in the number of positive bacteriological cultures or the number of days to healing. Inadine is more than twice as expensive as petroleum jelly gauze.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Preclinical assessment of burn wound dressings.

Preclinical assessment procedures for wound dressings have been established taking into account the important parameters of tensile mechanical properties, conformability to body surfaces, water-vapour transmission and gas permeability. A new test has been specifically developed to assess dressing conformability, while the other parameters were assessed using established techniques. The procedures aid clinicians by providing a screen reducing the number proceeding to full expensive clinical trials. They are also of assistance to manufacturers in their bid to optimize the characteristics of dressings and evaluate candidate materials.

Bandages↗
PubMed1989

Management of partial skin thickness burn wounds with Inadine dressings.

In a prospective randomized trial, 213 consecutive patients with less than 10 per cent BSA partial thickness burns were treated as outpatients with either Bactigras (n = 102) (tulle gras dressing with 0.5 per cent Chlorhexidine Acetate B.P.) or Inadine (n = 111) (rayon dressing with 10 per cent povidone iodine ointment). Inadine caused less bleeding on dressing removal but not significantly less. Inadine treated patients required less analgesia, a reduced treatment time, a smaller number of hospital visits and less time off work/normal activities (P = 0.01). Inadine should be more widely used in the management of partial thickness burn wounds.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1995

Procel burn cover used as a total body dressing in burns.

A 26-month-old boy sustained a scald injury covering 83 per cent of his total body surface area (TBSA). He also developed sepsis and multiorgan failure (MOF). Locally he was treated with Procel burn cover and silver sulphadiazine cream (SSD) for 23 days. By using Procel, the dressing-change time was shortened significantly. Procel burn cover controlled core and skin temperature more effectively compared to conventional dressing, and the staff acceptance increased because of its easy and fast use. Based on our observation, this material can be used successfully as a total body dressing with children with extensive partial thickness burns or temporarily in full thickness burns until wound excision can be performed.

Bandages↗