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PubMed1992

Infections of the lacrimal system.

Deficiency of the tears or obstruction to the free flow of tears predispose to infections of the lacrimal system. The relevant anatomy of the lacrimal system and the pathologic conditions leading to obstruction are outlined. The clinical manifestations of infections of the lacrimal gland, the canaliculus, and the lacrimal sac are described, and the basis for medical and surgical treatment is discussed.

Dacryocystitis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Our experience with the complex treatment of phlegmon of the lacrimal sac].

Eighty-nine patients with lacrimal sac phlegmons, 76 women and 13 men, aged 16 to 78, were administered multiple-modality treatment, consisting in Group 1 (43 patients) of traditional methods, such as UHF therapy, antibiotics, sulfonamides, symptomatic therapy, dacryocystorhinostomy after complete cessation of inflammation, and in group 2 (46 patients) including sessions of intermittent magnetic field (IMF) exposure, antibiotics, and early dacryocystorhinostomy. Sparing technique was used in all operations, carried out under local anesthesia with 2% procaine or trimecaine. IMF exposure was found to be an effective therapeutic means characterized by antiinflammatory, resolving, and analgesic effects. IMF sessions and early dacryocystorhinostomy enhance cessation of inflammation and improve the treatment efficacy: remote results of surgery were excellent in 80% of Group 1 patients and in 90.9% of Group 2 patients; As a results of IMF exposure, the terms of medical and social rehabilitation of patients with the lacrimal sac phlegmons were reduced twofold.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Solid cast-forming actinomycotic canaliculitis: case report.

Solid-cast forming actinomycotic canaliculitis is an uncommon cause of unilateral chronic red eye resistant to conventional topical medical therapy. The authors report the history of a 62-year old woman who was complaining of mucopurulent discharge from the right lower canaliculus for a period of 12 months. Culture yielded a few colonies of Actinomyces. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a dilation of the right lower canaliculus. The signal was hypointense and heterogeneous on both T1 and T2 weighted sequences. Surgery enabled removal of several solid yellowish casts and resulted in resolution of the disease. Histopathologic examination confirmed the presence of dense, basophilic conglomerates of filamentous organisms. Because rhinologists have more and more opportunities to perform surgery of the lachrymal pathway they need to be informed about this clinical entity.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed2004

[Mycotic lacrimal canaliculitis--cases report].

Mycotic lacrimal canaliculitis is a rare eye disease. Overuse of antibiotics and steroids in the treatment of eye infections is a very serious risk factor. Initial diagnosis of the mycotic infection may be difficult, thus infection may lasts for months. Chronic conjunctivitis, itching, burning sensations, poor response to the treatment may suggest a suspicion of the mycosis. In our paper we report two cases of the mycotic lacrimal canaliculitis, diagnosis and treatment. We could not culture fungal colonies, but we have found fungal structures in direct microscopic detection during the examination of deposits found in the canaliculi. In our opinion it is important to consider fungal infections during the treatment of chronic eye disorders.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1992

Experimental autoimmune dacryoadenitis: purification and characterization of a lacrimal gland antigen.

A soluble lacrimal gland antigen (LG-Ag) capable of inducing experimental autoimmune dacryoadenitis (EAD) in SJL/J mice has been purified from bovine lacrimal gland extracts by a combination of ion exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a single band with a mobility corresponding to a molecular weight of 45,000 daltons. Antibodies raised in guinea pigs against purified LG-Ag were used to confirm the tissue-specificity and to assess the cellular localization of LG-Ag within tissues. Anti-LG-Ag serum reacted with the crude lacrimal gland extracts but not with the extracts of bovine submaxillary gland, parotid gland, or retina. As shown by immunofluorescent staining, LG-Ag appeared to be localized on the murine lacrimal ductal epithelial cells but was lacking in the salivary ducts. LG-Ag induced EAD that was characterized by infiltration of mononuclear cells around the ducts and associated vasculature, accompanied by extensive damage of the acinar cells. The lesions induced were tissue-specific, in that SJL/J mice immunized with LG-Ag had intense lymphocytic infiltrates in lacrimal gland, but had no significant lesions in their salivary and harderian glands. The availability of a purified LG antigen can facilitate the further analysis of pathogenetic mechanisms in EAD.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Revision dacryocystorhinostomy: a comparison of endoscopic and external techniques.

BACKGROUND: Success rates for revision dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) are lower than primary DCR. Scarring of the sac may limit the ability of the surgeon to achieve good nasal and lacrimal mucosa apposition. This study evaluates the comparative success rates of the external and endoscopic techniques for revision DCR. METHODS: Seventeen consecutive revision endoscopic DCRs (average age, 60.9 years) and 13 revision external DCRs (average age, 65.1 years) performed from January 1999 to December 2000 performed by separate surgeons were entered into the study. Patients with functional nasolacrimal and canalicular obstruction were excluded. The average follow-up was 11.1 months for the endoscopic DCR group and 10 months for the external DCR group. RESULTS: A successful DCR required complete relief of symptoms and an endoscopically determined anatomic patency of the nasolacrimal system. Revision endoscopic DCR surgery was successful in 76.5% of cases (13 of 17 cases) and external DCR surgery was successful in 84.6% (11 of 13 cases). This difference was not statistically significant. (p = 0.64, Fisher exact test with a two-tailed probability). CONCLUSION: Revision endoscopic DCR has a success rate of 76.5%, which compares favorably with that of the revision external DCR (84.6%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Revealing dacryoadenitis inflammation as Wegener's granulomatosis].

INTRODUCTION: Wegener's granulomatosis is a necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis characterized by the involvement of the upper airways, lungs and kidneys. CASE REPORT: A 39-year-old man presented with a 8-month history of proptosis of left eye. He had a history of recuring sinusitis and dyspnea. The diagnosis of Wegener's granulomotosis was confirmed by the nasal biopsy. A complete remission was achieved after treatment with corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide and trimethoprine sulfamethoxazole. COMMENTS AND CONCLUSION: Wegener's granulomatosis is a multisystemic inflammatory disease of unknown origin. The classic diagnostic triad of this disease is necrotizing granuloma of the upper or lower respiratory tract, vasculitis and nephritis. The disease is usually fatal if untreated. However, early diagnosis and immunosuppressives such as cyclophosphamide can induce long term remission.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Bilateral lacrimal sac mucocele with punctal and canalicular atresia.

Congenital absence of lacrimal puncta may be an isolated finding or associated with other developmental abnormality. Nasolacrirnal ducts can be absent thus predisposing to the formation of a congenital lacrimal mucocele. Punctal and canalicular agenesis is very rare. Four percent of new patients attending the lacrimal clinic at Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK. from 1981 to 1990 inclusive were diagnosed to have this condition. We describe a case of bilateral congenital absence of lacrimal puncta with lacrimal mucocele. Combined surgery was carried out by Ophthalmologist and Otolaryngologist with successful results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Tubercular dacryoadenitis--a case report and review of literature.

A case of a 56 year old lady presenting clinically with a slow growing painless mass of the left lacrimal gland, the histopathplogical examination of which was consistent with a diagnosis of tubercular dacryoadenitis, is described. Tubercular dacryoadenitis is uncommon, with the diagnosis usually made on histological examination of the lacrimal gland. Other cases of tubercular dacryoadenitis reported in literature are also reviewed.

Dacryocystitis↗
PubMed2006

[Evaluation of therapy outcome in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in own material].

UNLABELLED: The inborn nasolacrimal duct obstruction is common ocular disease in new-borns and infants. There are still doubts concerning the timing of the operating procedure. Probing of the lacrimal ducts is the therapeutic method for this condition. PURPOSE: To evaluate the therapy outcome in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in authors' own material. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In retrospective study of 3950 medical records of children from our Outpatient's Clinic, we distinguished 192 children with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Then, we evaluated the outcome of implemented treatment in correlation with their age and timing of the nasolacrimal duct probing. RESULTS: All children with nasolacrimal duct obstruction had mucopurulent discharge in the lacrimal sac and lacrimation. After the conventional treatment, the disease resolved in 23% of our group, whereas, in the rest of the patients probing of the nasolacrimal duct was implemented. The probing was successful in all children, but it was necessary to repeat the procedure twice in 13 children and three times in 5 children. The success rate of single probing was as follows: 91% in the group of children 1 - 3 months old, 83% in both groups: 3 - 6 and 6 - 12 months old and 71% in the oldest group of children - above 1 year of age. CONCLUSIONS: In majority of children the nasolacrimal duct obstruction did not resolve spontaneously. Early probing within first few months of child's life increased the success rate of this procedure.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

[Microsurgical approach to the lacrimal ducts. Technical aspects--indications--reasons for failure].

The dacryocystorhinostomy is an operation that connects directly the lacrymal sac to the nasal cavity. In 1904, Toti described the external approach but one had to wait until the development of the sinus surgery to have a new interest in the endonasal approach. It appears to be a safe, efficacious and a less traumatizing procedure preserving the lacrymal function without skin incision. It allows a procedure in a non-scarred field. A good relationship between the ENT and the ophthalmologist is required.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Acute viral dacryoadenitis].

The 30-year-old patient presented an acute viral dacryoadenitis following an influenza episode. Stress is laid on the viral etiology of acute dacryoadenitis with a trailing evolution lasting 2-3 months.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Congenital imperforation of the nasolacrimal canal].

The medical attendance of the congenital imperforation of the tear-nasal tassel continues to be an actual problem because of the great number of cases met in practice. The analysis of 115 cases of congenital imperforation of the tear-nasal tassel shows the presence of this disease at one eye in 76 cases and at the both eyes in 39 cases. The frequency of the un perforation was greater at men. From 115 cases of congenital imperforations there have been obtained good results using tear lavages in 71 cases and tear polls in 39 cases. In 5 failure informations there was practised dacryocystorhinostomy, but only after 3 years age.

Child, Preschool↗