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PubMed2004

Toward computational systems biology.

The development and successful application of high-throughput technologies are transforming biological research. The large quantities of data being generated by these technologies have led to the emergence of systems biology, which emphasizes large-scale, parallel characterization of biological systems and integration of fragmentary information into a coherent whole. Complementing the reductionist approach that has dominated biology for the last century, mathematical modeling is becoming a powerful tool to achieve an integrated understanding of complex biological systems and to guide experimental efforts of engineering biological systems for practical applications. Here I give an overview of current mainstream approaches in modeling biological systems, highlight specific applications of modeling in various settings, and point out future research opportunities and challenges.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Neural membrane microdomains as computational systems: Toward molecular modeling in the study of neural disease.

Several studies indicate that the lipid biological membrane contains discrete regions known as rafts or microdomains. These structures range in size from approximately 50 to 70nm to nearly a mum and play important roles in cell signaling. In the neuron, computational models suggest that transiently polarized microdomain ethenes may regulate ion-channel dynamics and control impulse propagation. Thus the microdomain is nominated as the fundamental unit of nervous system signaling. Based on this model, the article proposes a first-approximation design for a supported-membrane device which would mimic microdomain properties. The basic architecture would consist of an electrically addressable biotemplated nanowire crossing an artificial membrane corralled in a vertical carbon nanofiber barrier. Advantages and disadvantages of model components are discussed at length. It is proposed that artificial devices of this type would be medically useful in simulating membrane states correlated with neural disease. This possibility is examined with reference to the A-current potassium channel, implicated in epilepsy.

Epilepsy↗
PubMed1992

Separation of ventricular tachycardia from sinus rhythm using a practical, real-time template matching computer system.

Template matching morphology analysis of the intraventricular electrogram (IVEG) has been proposed for inclusion in implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) to reduce the number of false ventricular tachyarrhythmia detections caused by rate overlap between ventricular tachycardia (VT) and sinus tachycardia and/or supraventricular tachycardia. Template matching techniques have been developed that reduce the computational complexity while preserving the perceived important aspects of electrogram amplitude and baseline independence found in such computationally unsolved methods as correlation waveform analysis (CWA). These methods have been shown to work as well as CWA for separation of VT, however, they have not been proven in real-time on a system that incorporates many of the constraints of present day ICDs. The present study was undertaken with two purposes: (1) to determine if real-time IVEG template matching analysis on an ICD sensing emulator was accurate in separating VT from sinus rhythm (SR) electrograms; and (2) to compare amplitude normalized area of difference (NAD) with signature analysis (SIG), a new, computationally less expensive technique that normalizes for amplitude variation within the expected physiological level of variability. In this study, IVEGs, obtained from 16 patients who underwent electrophysiological study (EPS) for evaluation of sustained ventricular arrhythmia, were digitized to 250 Hz with 6-bit quantization after filtering (16-44 Hz) and differentiation. After an SR template was selected and periodically updated, it was compared to subsequent IVEGs using NAD and SIG. In general, SIG calculates the fraction of samples occurring outside template window boundaries. Eleven-beat running medians from beat-by-beat NAD and SIG results were determined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

NCTR computer systems designed for toxicologic experimentation. I. Overview.

Established in 1971 by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the National Center for Toxicological Research is committed to the study of long-term, low-dose effects of potentially toxic substances, including carcinogens. The Scientific Information Systems Division (SISD) facility provides logistic support for complex experiments involving large numbers of test animals. Animal population at the Center, including the breeding colony and animals on experiment, can be as high as 80,000. Each animal must be accounted for, fed and watered under strict control, and continually observed. From birth to final examination, an individual animal might have as many as 3,000 individual elements of information associated with it. This paper introduces a series of reports dealing with an integrated and comprehensive system of experiment planning and implementation (including information gathering, classification, analyses and reporting), employing state-of-the-art data processing techniques. This extensive use of computer technology has permitted the collection, proper classification, and rapid retrieval of virtually error-free data, resulting in cost-sensitive experiment planning.

Computers↗
PubMed1990

[The computer system of monitoring of antibiotic sensitivity of pathogenetic bacteria causing suppurative-septic diseases].

A system for surveillance of drug resistance of etiologically important microorganisms in obstetric units and burn and sepsis centres was developed. Realization of the system with various methods is possible in case of permanent control and comparison of the results. The overwhelming majority (up to 90 per cent) of the etiologically important microorganisms were multiresistant. An information bank was filed. It could be used as a basis for developing principles of strategy and tactics in rational antibiotic therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of monoclonal antibodies with ferret sera for the characterization of influenza A (H3N2) virus strains in a computer system.

A panel of murine monoclonal antibodies was generated against five different influenza A (H3N2) virus strains, isolated between 1977 and 1980. Monoclonal antibodies with defined specificities in haemagglutination inhibition tests for the strains against which they had been raised were selected. Eventually 18 of these were chosen and tested against a large number of recent H3N2 isolates. The results were compared with those obtained with antisera from ferrets immunized with the five strains mentioned above and with similar ferret sera after adsorption with heterologous strains. The serological data obtained with these three panels of antibodies were subjected to a theoretical pattern fitting computer analysis. A good correlation was observed between the results obtained with these three systems. However, the unadsorbed ferret sera proved to be less discriminating whereas the monoclonal antibodies provided additional information which could not be obtained with the other two systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Do hospital staff interfere with computer system implementation?

Sabotage of MCBIS by hospital staff endangers and disrupts the delivery of inpatient health care. Wide-spread interference, along with other implementation problems, cripples the ability of MCBIS to function properly and affects health care costs and quality of services.

Adjustment Disorders↗