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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Evaluation of the visual system in multiple sclerosis. II. Colour vision.

A study of colour vision (CV) in 65 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), (30 patients had had previous optic neuritis) and 51 controls was carried out with Ishihara's pseudoisochromatic plates (I-test), Farnsworth's panel D-15 test (F-test), and Lanthony's desaturated 15-hue test (L-test). CV defects were classified as to type and severity. Error scorings were calculated by Bowman's computerized method and our own simple proposal for scoring, which was found of equal value. Results were compared with pattern-reversal (black/white) visual evoked potentials (PR-VEP) (80% of eyes abnormal). The I-test (56% of eyes abnormal) was a more sensitive indicator of demyelination than the L-test (47%) and F-test (26%). In 14 eyes CV defects (10 blue-yellow, 4 red-green) were only revealed with the L-test. Abnormal CV, mostly blue-yellow defects, occurred in 16 patients (19 eyes) having normal VEP latencies; 29 patients were re-tested within one week. It is proposed that the performance of the I-test, which showed the highest reproducibility, could be improved by adding more cards, particularly blue-yellow, to the test.

Color Perception↗
PubMed2006

Colour vision and retinal nerve fibre layer photography in patients with an Acrysof Natural intraocular lens.

PURPOSE: To study colour vision and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) photographs in patients with an Acrysof Natural intraocular lens (IOL). METHODS: We carried out a randomized double-blind study. An Acrysof Natural IOL (model SN60AT) was implanted in 25 eyes of 19 patients and an Acrysof IOL (model SA60AT) was implanted in 27 eyes of 18 control patients. The patients returned for colour vision tests and fundus photography 1-6 months after the surgery. RESULTS: Standard pseudoisochromatic plates, part 2, were correctly interpreted and the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test (FM 100) total and individual box scores were normal in all IOL eyes. In the FM 100 hue test there were no significant differences in the results of the total error scores or the error scores of the individual boxes between the eyes with Acrysof Natural and those with Acrysof lenses. The yellow coloration of the Acrysof Natural IOL did not affect the visibility of the RNFL in photographs. CONCLUSIONS: The Acrysof Natural IOL did not affect colour vision in the tested patients, even in the blue region of the spectrum, and can be implanted in patients who need to have normal colour vision for the purposes of their occupation. The Acrysof Natural IOL does not interfere with RNFL photography and can also be used in patients with glaucoma.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1980

The clinical assessment of colour discrimination in senile macular degeneration.

The colour discrimination of 15 subjects manifesting senile macular degeneration was investigated, over a wide range of illuminances, using the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue test and Panel D-15. Ten subjects of similar ages with normal colour vision were investigated concurrently to provide a control group. Colour discrimination was shown to deteriorate with decreasing illuminance this being more marked for the subjects with senile macular degeneration than for the normal subjects. It is demonstrated that the FM 100 is the preferred test for assessment of colour discrimination loss in senile macular degeneration with early visual acuity loss. The Panel D-15 is more useful as acuity loss becomes more marked.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Screening of colour vision defects in diabetic patients.

The colour vision of 50 diabetic patients was examined with two screening tests, Standard Pseudoisochromatic Plates part 2 (SPP 2) and Farnsworth Panel D 15 (Panel D 15) test and with two diagnostic tests, Nagel anomaloscope and Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test. The performance of the diabetic patients in colour vision tests was compared to their performance in colour dependent urine and blood glucose tests. Fourteen of the patients failed the glucose tests, and they failed both of the screening tests as well. The diagnostic tests showed that all of them had a blue-yellow defect and 10 of them also had a red-green defect. The rest of the patients, 36, read the glucose tests correctly, but 17 of them failed the SPP 2 screening test, and 5 failed the Panel D 15 screening test. In diagnostic tests there were 15 patients with normal colour vision, one patient with a red-green defect, 13 patients with a blue-yellow defect, and 7 patients with both a red-green and a blue-yellow defect. The colour vision defect in diabetic patients is most often a blue-yellow defect or a combined blue-yellow and red-green defect. Therefore, the usual pseudoisochromatic plates, e.g. the Ishihara test, are not sufficient in screening because they screen only red-green defects. The screening tests should contain both a red-green and a blue-yellow part.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Colour vision in a family with Sorsby's dystrophy.

Fraser & Wallace (1971) investigated a family with Sorsby's dystrophy, and found a high prevalence of a mild red-green colour deficiency. Using a battery of tests, I re-examined the colour vision of members of the family at risk of developing the disease. I conclude that the mild colour vision defect is classical sex linked recessive deuteranomaly occurring adventiously in the family; its high prevalence is due to its being introduced by at least 3 persons marrying into the family. Two alternative hypotheses of the colour vision deficiency are that it is an acquired disorder which is a prodromal sign of the dystrophy or that it is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. However, these hypotheses were rejected because the colour vision deficiency had the characteristics of a typical sex linked disorder. These findings emphasize that it is important to exclude any co-existing inherited colour vision defect when defining the clinical features of any retinal dystrophy by careful evaluation of unaffected family members.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Functional evidence for cone-specific connectivity in the human retina.

Physiological studies of colour vision have not yet resolved the controversial issue of how chromatic opponency is constructed at a neuronal level. Two competing theories, the cone-selective hypothesis and the random-wiring hypothesis, are currently equivocal to the architecture of the primate retina. In central vision, both schemes are capable of producing colour opponency due to the fact that receptive field centres receive input from a single bipolar cell - the so called 'private line arrangement'. However, in peripheral vision this single-cone input to the receptive field centre is lost, so that any random cone connectivity would result in a predictable reduction in the quality of colour vision. Behavioural studies thus far have indeed suggested a selective loss of chromatic sensitivity in peripheral vision. We investigated chromatic sensitivity as a function of eccentricity for the cardinal chromatic (L/M and S/(L + M)) and achromatic (L + M) pathways, adopting stimulus size as the critical variable. Results show that performance can be equated across the visual field simply by a change of scale (size). In other words, there exists no qualitative loss of chromatic sensitivity across the visual field. Critically, however, the quantitative nature of size dependency for each of the cardinal chromatic and achromatic mechanisms is very specific, reinforcing their independence in terms of anatomy and genetics. Our data provide clear evidence for a physiological model of primate colour vision that retains chromatic quality in peripheral vision, thus supporting the cone-selective hypothesis.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1964

VISUAL PIGMENTS IN SINGLE RODS AND CONES OF THE HUMAN RETINA. DIRECT MEASUREMENTS REVEAL MECHANISMS OF HUMAN NIGHT AND COLOR VISION.

Difference spectra of the visual pigments have been measured in single rods and cones of a parafoveal region of the human retina. Rods display an absorption maximum (lambdamax) at about 505 mmicro associated with rhodopsin. Three kinds of cones were measured: a blue-sensitive cone with Amaxe about 450 mpf; two green-sensitive cones with Xmaa about 525 mumicro; and a red-sensitive cone with lambdamax about 555 mmicro These are presumably samples of the three types of cone responsible for human color vision.

Color Perception↗
PubMed1964

RESPONSES OF SINGLE CELLS IN VISUAL SYSTEM TO SHIFTS IN THE WAVELENGTH OF LIGHT.

Spectrally opponent cells of the macaque lateral geniculate are very sensitive to shifts from one wavelength to another, independent of the relative intensities of the different wavelengths. Shifts in opposite spectral directions from the adaptation wavelength produce opposite changes in firing rate, regardless of the particular wavelengths involved; however, any given cell is more sensitive to shifts in some spectral regions than in others.

Animals↗
PubMed1965

ELECTRORETINOGRAM IN NEWBORN HUMAN INFANTS.

The electroretinogram of the newborn human shows the x-wave component which was demonstrated by Adrian and others to be a concomitant of photopic visual function in the adult. This finding may provide electrophysiological support for behavioral observations indicating that infants have some color vision and ability to resolve visual stimuli.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Spectral threshold: measurement and clinical applications.

Photopic spectral sensitivities for a foveal target on a white background are measured for 18 normal eyes, and the results are explained in terms of the function of retinal ganglion cells. Averaged results for diseases such as glaucoma, optic atrophy, tobacco amblyopia, and retrobulbar neuritis are reviewed, and an analysis of the change in shape of the spectral sensitivity curve in these diseases is presented. It is shown how the location of disease sites may be related to characteristic changes in spectral sensitivity.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Changes in colour contrast sensitivity associated with operating argon lasers.

A new test of colour vision using computer graphics has been used to obtain quantitative estimates of colour contrast sensitivity in ophthalmologists before and after they have treated patients by argon laser retinal photocoagulation. The colour vision of all subjects is normal when tested with the 100-hue test and HRR (Hardy, Rittler, Rand) plates, but colour contrast sensitivity measured along a tritan colour confusion line is selectively impaired after a treatment session. No such change occurs after a medical session spent examining patients with a fundus camera. In younger ophthalmologists the sensitivity recovers several hours after the treatment session ends, but in some persons there is a prolonged and possibly permanent elevation of threshold.

Adult↗