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Results for “Cardiovascular System”

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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Cardiovascular basic helix loop helix factor 1, a novel transcriptional repressor expressed preferentially in the developing and adult cardiovascular system.

We have cloned a cardiovascular-restricted basic helix-loop-helix factor that interacts with arylhydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) in a yeast two-hybrid screen. Cardiovascular helix-loop-helix factor 1 (CHF1) is distantly related to the hairy family of transcriptional repressors. We analyzed its expression pattern during mouse embryo development. At day 8.5, the expression of CHF1 is first detected in the primitive ventricle of the primordial heart tube and persists throughout gestation. In rat hearts, this expression is down-regulated after birth, concurrent with terminal differentiation of cardiomyocytes. In the developing vasculature, CHF1 first appears in the dorsal aorta at day 9.0, which precedes the reported expression of smooth muscle cell markers, and persists into adulthood. In an in vitro system of smooth muscle cell differentiation, CHF1 mRNA was barely detectable in undifferentiated cells but was induced highly in differentiated smooth muscle cells. To determine whether CHF1 might affect the function of ARNT, we performed transfection studies. Co-transfection of CHF1 inhibited ARNT/EPAS1-dependent transcription by 85%, and this inhibition is dose-dependent. In electrophoretic mobility studies, CHF1 inhibited the binding of the ARNT/EPAS1 heterodimer to its target site. Our data suggest that CHF1 functions as a transcriptional repressor and may play an important role in cardiovascular development.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Alcohol and the cardiovascular system.

Ethanol has long been recognized as a toxic agent that has acute and chronic effects on cerebral and hepatic function. Over the past two decades important influences on the cardiovascular system have been either rediscovered or observed for the first time. The combined use of tobacco cigarettes and alcohol appears to increase the risk of many of these clinical abnormalities. While many individuals addicted to ethanol have subclinical abnormalities of the heart, somewhat less than a majority develop symptomatic cardiac problems. These include heart failure and arrhythmias. In addition to supraventricular arrhythmias that often normalize spontaneously, there is an increased incidence of sudden death that peaks at about 50 years of age in the alcoholic population. A significant degree of blood pressure elevation occurs in individuals who abuse alcohol. This appears to be transient and is normalized in most individuals during abstinence. The increased incidence of hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic stroke in middle age also appears to decline when alcohol abuse is interrupted. A preventive effect of mild to moderate drinking on coronary artery disease is, at present, equivocal, largely due to the question of appropriate controls.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed2005

[Morphological changes of cardiovascular system at experimental hypertension, caused by no inhibition in condition of the laser irradiation of low-frequency].

The aim of our study was the investigation of the morphological changes of cardiovascular system, caused by NO inhibition during the laser irradiation of low-frequency. On reception of L NAME and a low-frequency laser irradiation arterial pressure during all experiment remains within the norm. At slight increase of phonic arterial pressure the laser irradiation proved to be less effective, while on a background of high arterial pressure the irradiation does not interfere the further development of hypertension and persistency. Immediately after reception of L NAME and at a low-frequency laser irradiation, the fibrosis and inflammatory changes of myocardium have not been observed; on the background of the slight enhancement of arterial pressure, laser irradiation causes insignificantly expressed fibrosis, inflammatory changes in myocardium; while on the background of increased arterial pressure a laser irradiation doesn't interfere development of fibrosis, myocardium and inflammatory changes in it. Immediately after reception L NAME and at a laser irradiation of low-frequency from the third day, a damage of cardiovascular walls, inflammatory changes, perivascular fibrosis have not been developed, while on the background of increased arterial pressure the irritation doesn't interfere the development of the above mentioned changes. Thus, the irradiation of a low-frequency laser might be recommended to prevent the development of hypertension and to avoid the complications of pre-clinical phase of hypertension. Though, the analogous recommendations are not foreseen for involvement in algorithm of the treatment of hypertension and correction of clinical evidence of the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The interaction of ANF and C-terminal fragment ANF (24-28)OH with agonist and antagonist of the beta-adrenergic receptor in the cardiovascular system in rats.

1. The interaction of ANF and ANF(24-28)OH with the agonist, Isoprenaline (ISO), and the antagonist, Propranolol (PRO), of beta-adrenergic receptor in the cardiovascular system in rat was investigated. 2. The studies showed that ANF and C-terminal fragment of ANF, ANF(24-28)OH, interfered with beta-adrenergic receptor. 3. This does not exclude the action of this pentapeptide on the other receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

The pharmacological effects of some 1H-1,4-benzothiazineylide derivatives on the cardiovascular system of the rat and some smooth muscles.

A series of 1H-1,4-benzothiazineylides was synthesized and characterized. The influence of this series of compounds 1-7 was examined on the cardiovascular system of the rat, the isolated jejunum of the rabbit, the guinea-pig ileum and the isolated uteri of late pregnant rats. The results of the present study revealed the bradicardiogenic effect of the ethyl, propyl and isobutyl derivatives when tested in the dose range of (10-53 mumole Kg-1). Furthermore, the isobutyl derivative also exhibited an ability to decrease the arterial blood pressure. All the test compounds exhibited non-spasmolytic activity against ACh, histamine and BaCl2. The butyl, isobutyl and isopropyl derivatives were found to be the most potent. The results direct the attention to a new potential group of cardiovascular depressant and spasmolytic agents.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effects of lumbar spinal nerve analgesia on the cardiovascular system].

AIM: The frequency of cardiovascular adverse effects of lumbar paravertebral nerve root infiltration was investigated. METHOD: 117 patients with sciatic pain were included prospectively. 60 % of these suffered from known cardiovascular diseases. In 50 patients, cardiac rhythm was investigated by Holter monitoring. In 100 patients blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation were registered continuously from 5 minutes before to 15 minutes after the administration of a paravertebral nerve root infiltration by means of a non-invasive monitoring system. RESULTS: A minor rise in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate as well as a normalization of these parameters after the nerve root infiltration, were found. These findings were similar for patients with and without pre-existing cardiovascular diseases. No relevant cardiac arrhythmias could be determined. 5 of the 117 patients suffered from presyncope after the nerve root infiltration. These individuals were significantly (p = 0.002) younger than those without presyncope (32.4 +/- 9.3 vs. 55.8 +/- 14.6 years). Presyncope was more frequent during the first treatment with lumbar paravertebral nerve root infiltration in comparison to repeated application of this therapy [4/27 (14.8 %) vs. 1/90 (1.1 %), p = 0.003]. 80 % of the patients who had experienced a presyncope reported a history of similar events. CONCLUSION: According to our findings, cardiovascular monitoring for lumbar paravertebral nerve root infiltrations in the treatment of sciatica does not appear to be required. Patients with a presyncope seem to be characterized by age, first treatment and a history of (pre-)syncopes. In these cases, intravenous fluid substitution might be of help in counteracting vasovagal circulatory reactions.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed2006

Method of propulsion of a ferromagnetic core in the cardiovascular system through magnetic gradients generated by an MRI system.

This paper reports the use of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system to propel a ferromagnetic core. The concept was studied for future development of microdevices designed to perform minimally invasive interventions in remote sites accessible through the human cardiovascular system. A mathematical model is described taking into account various parameters such as the size of blood vessels, the velocities and viscous properties of blood, the magnetic properties of the materials, the characteristics of MRI gradient coils, as well as the ratio between the diameter of a spherical core and the diameter of the blood vessels. The concept of magnetic propulsion by MRI is validated experimentally by measuring the flow velocities that magnetized spheres (carbon steel 1010/1020) can withstand inside cylindrical tubes under the different magnetic forces created with a Siemens Magnetom Vision 1.5 T MRI system. The differences between the velocities predicted by the theoretical model and the experiments are approximately 10%. The results indicate that with the technology available today for gradient coils used in clinical MRI systems, it is possible to generate sufficient gradients to propel a ferromagnetic sphere in the larger sections of the arterial system. In other words, the results show that in the larger blood vessels where the diameter of the microdevices could be as large as a couple a millimeters, the few tens of mT/m of gradients required for displacement against the relatively high blood flow rate is well within the limits of clinical MRI systems. On the other hand, although propulsion of a ferromagnetic core with diameter of approximately 600 microm may be possible with existing clinical MRI systems, gradient amplitudes of several T/m would be required to propel a much smaller ferromagnetic core in small vessels such as capillaries and additional gradient coils would be required to upgrade existing MRI systems for operations at such a scale.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A new technology for evaluation the functional condition of the cardiovascular system].

New models of a sensor matrix and of a device designed for biomedical diagnostics are described. A radio-induction analysis technique applicable to hemodynamic parameters as well as the related equipment and soft meant for evaluating the functional condition of the cardiovascular system were elaborated. The potentialities of using the above computer system in medical diagnostics are defined.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The effects of induced hypoxia on the cardiovascular system in dogs poisoned with tetanus toxin.

Tetanus toxicity was induced in dogs by injecting the toxin subcutaneously in the groin. On developing generalised toxic symptoms, these dogs were characterised by signs of increased sympathetic discharge to the cardiovascular system as evidenced by high basal values of blood pressure, heart rate and LV dP/dt max. Mild to moderate hypoxia induced by ventilation with 10% O2 in N2 had no appreciable effect on the cardiovascular variables. However, moderate to severe hypoxia induced by ventilation with 7% O2 in N2 further increased the sympathetic discharge to the heart and blood vessels resulting in increases in heart rate, LV dP/dt max and blood pressure. These responses were abolished by adrenergic blockers. The responses in the tetanus dogs were identical to those seen in dogs without tetanus toxicity. Atropine or moderate lactic acidaemia did not alter the responses to hypoxia. Beta-adrenergic blockers appear to be useful drugs in the control of tetanus patients who show evidence of increased sympathetic activity or who develop hypoxaemia.

Animals↗